Essays on monetary and banking theory

Esta tese de Doutorado é dedicada ao estudo de instabilidade financeira e dinâmica em Teoria Monet ária. E demonstrado que corridas banc árias são eliminadas sem custos no modelo padrão de teoria banc ária quando a popula ção não é pequena. É proposta uma extensão em que incerteza agregada é mais severa e o custo da estabilidade financeira é relevante. Finalmente, estabelece-se otimalidade de transições na distribui ção de moeda em economias em que oportunidades de trocas são escassas e heterogêneas. Em particular, otimalidade da inflação depende dos incentivos dinâmicos proporcionados por tais transi ções. O capí tulo 1 estabelece o resultado de estabilidade sem custos para economias grandes ao estudar os efeitos do tamanho populacional na an álise de corridas banc árias de Peck & Shell. No capí tulo 2, otimalidade de dinâmica é estudada no modelo de monet ário de Kiyotaki & Wright quando a sociedade é capaz de implementar uma polí tica inflacion ária. Apesar de adotar a abordagem de desenho de mecanismos, este capí tulo faz um paralelo com a an álise de Sargent & Wallace (1981) ao destacar efeitos de incentivos dinâmicos sobre a interação entre as polí ticas monet ária e fiscal. O cap ítulo 3 retoma o tema de estabilidade fi nanceira ao quanti car os custos envolvidos no desenho ótimo de um setor bancário à prova de corridas e ao propor uma estrutura informacional alternativa que possibilita bancos insolventes. A primeira an álise mostra que o esquema de estabilidade ótima exibe altas taxas de juros de longo prazo e a segunda que monitoramento imperfeito pode levar a corridas bancárias com insolvência.

O direito fundamental contra a autoincriminação: a análise a partir de uma teoria do Processo Penal Constitucional

The right against self-incrimination is a fundamental right that works in the criminal prosecution, and therefore deserves a study supported by the general theory of criminal procedure. The right has a vague origin, and despite the various historical accounts only arises when there is a criminal procedure structured that aims to limit the State´s duty-power to punish. The only system of criminal procedure experienced that reconciles with seal self-incrimination is the accusatory model. The inquisitorial model is based on the construction of a truth and obtaining the confession at any cost, and is therefore incompatible with the right in study. The consecration of the right arises with the importance that fundamental rights have come to occupy in the Democratic Constitutional States. In the Brazilian experience before 1988 was only possible to recognize that self-incrimination represented a procedural burden for accused persons. Despite thorough debate in the Constituent Assembly, the right remains consecrated in a textual formula that´s closer to the implementation made by the Supreme Court of the United States, known as "Miranda warnings", than the text of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that established originally the right against self-incrimination with a constitutional status. However, the imprecise text does not prevent the consecration of the principle as a fundamental right in Brazilian law. The right against self-incrimination is a right that should be observed in the Criminal Procedure and relates to several of his canons, such as the the presumption of not guilty, the accusatory model, the distribution of the burden of proof, and especially the right of defense. Because it a fundamental right, the prohibition of self-incrimination deserves a proper study to her constitutional nature. For the definition of protected persons is important to build a material concept of accused, which is different of the formal concept over who is denounced on the prosecution. In the objective area of protection, there are two objects of protection of the norm: the instinct of self-preservation of the subject and the ability to self-determination. Configuring essentially a evidence rule in criminal procedure, the analysis of the case should be based on standards set previously to indicate respect for the right. These standard include the right to information of the accused, the right to counsel and respect the voluntary participation. The study of violations cases, concentrated on the element of voluntariness, starting from the definition of what is or is not a coercion violative of self-determination. The right faces new challenges that deserve attention, especially the fight against terrorism and organized crime that force the development of tools, resources and technologies about proves, methods increasingly invasive and hidden, and allow the use of information not only for criminal prosecution, but also for the establishment of an intelligence strategy in the development of national and public security

Interpretação e análise do problema da indução sob uma visão fundamentada em teorias de conjuntos e teoria de probabilidades

The following work is to interpret and analyze the problem of induction under a vision founded on set theory and probability theory as a basis for solution of its negative philosophical implications related to the systems of inductive logic in general. Due to the importance of the problem and the relatively recent developments in these fields of knowledge (early 20th century), as well as the visible relations between them and the process of inductive inference, it has been opened a field of relatively unexplored and promising possibilities. The key point of the study consists in modeling the information acquisition process using concepts of set theory, followed by a treatment using probability theory. Throughout the study it was identified as a major obstacle to the probabilistic justification, both: the problem of defining the concept of probability and that of rationality, as well as the subtle connection between the two. This finding called for a greater care in choosing the criterion of rationality to be considered in order to facilitate the treatment of the problem through such specific situations, but without losing their original characteristics so that the conclusions can be extended to classic cases such as the question about the continuity of the sunrise

Theory of small aspect ratio waves in deep water

In the limit of small values of the aspect ratio parameter (or wave steepness) which measures the amplitude of a surface wave in units of its wave-length, a model equation is derived from the Euler system in infinite depth (deep water) without potential flow assumption. The resulting equation is shown to sustain periodic waves which on the one side tend to the proper linear limit at small amplitudes, on the other side possess a threshold amplitude where wave crest peaking is achieved. An explicit expression of the crest angle at wave breaking is found in terms of the wave velocity. By numerical simulations, stable soliton-like solutions (experiencing elastic interactions) propagate in a given velocities range on the edge of which they tend to the peakon solution. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detecção de rodovias em imagens digitais de alta resolução com o uso da teoria de morfologia matemática

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Ensino e aprendizagem de poliedros regulares via a teoria de Van Hiele com origami

Pós-graduação em Matemática em Rede Nacional - IBILCE

Álgebras de Lie e aplicações à sistemas alternantes

Pós-graduação em Matemática - IBILCE

MHV tree amplitudes in super-Yang-Mills and in superstring theory

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análise semiótica da narrativa bíblica A prova de Abraão

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Da teoria à prática: uma análise das ações da ONG Projeto Saúde e Alegria no Telecentro Comunitário de Suruacá no Rio Tapajós

Este estudo é o resultado de uma pesquisa que analisou a relação entre teoria e prática das ações propostas pela Organização Não Governamental Projeto Saúde e Alegria (ONG-PSA), na localidade de Suruacá, no rio Tapajós, no município de Santarém, oeste paraense. A problemática de investigação foi conduzida a partir de dois questionamentos centrais: Como se dá a relação entre teoria e prática no que se refere ao trabalho desenvolvido pelo Projeto Saúde e Alegria no Telecentro Comunitário de Suruacá? E qual o impacto que o uso de novos meios comunicacionais causou na vivência cultural na área pesquisada? A análise dos dados foi produzida, a partir do levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre as ações da ONG, de dados disponibilizados no site oficial do PSA, do vídeo institucional da ONG, do que se viu e ouviu na localidade Suruacá e da visão de pesquisadores e agentes das áreas de Comunicação, Cultura e Educação que atuam fora do PSA. Entre os resultados da pesquisa, constatou-se que a proposta publicizada pelo Projeto corresponde com a descrição da entrevista realizada com os moradores do local que nos últimos 25 anos têm acompanhado, trabalhado e recebido as ações do PSA. Percebeu-se que há uma práxis convergente presente na relação comunicacional e educacional entre o PSA e Suruacá, não de natureza exclusivamente dialética, mas também dialógica, no sentido de complexidade entendida no pensamento de Morin (1991), das mediações do pensamento de Martín-Barbero (1997) e da dialogicidade profunda no pensamento de Freire (1996), em processos envolvendo Comunicação, Cultura e Educação em Suruacá, mas pondera-se que a presença desta ONG no interior da Amazônia brasileira não dispensa a ação do estado na efetivação de políticas públicas nas áreas de comunicação, cultura, educação e saúde.

Investigação sobre a inclusão do episódio histórico da teoria genotípica de Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen na formação inicial de professores e pesquisadores

This paper is part of a broader investigation on Epistemology of Biology carried out by a group of researchers from Cascavel/PR. It involves studies and research about biological thought on subjects such as the growing of the concepts of gene, genotype and phenotype. The aim of this research was to gather the undergraduate students of Biological Sciences’ views about the role played by the inclusion of a historical episode in the study group as a trigger for epistemological discussions and didactic reflections. Firstly, the students received Johannsen’s article “The genotype conception of heredity”, published in 1911 in the journal The American Naturalist, in which he proposed the concepts of genotype and phenotype, among other ones. After, there was a discussion held by group about the concepts proposed in the article taking into account the epistemological, historical and didactic aspects. Data collection occurred through the recording of the group discussions and individual interviews. The results suggest that the inclusion of this historical episode, enabled the participants to develop critical thinking through collective reflection on the meaning of biological knowledge in different contexts.

Criança não é manga, não amadurece: conceito de maturação na teoria histórico-cultural

The idea of "mature development" is based, frequently, on explanations of school failure: the student does not learn because he is immature and the school has to wait until he gets "mature". When one says that a child is not mature compared to the development already attained by an adult, one focuses only the quantitative differences between them and forgets that these new qualities of the adult did not arise by the maturation, but by the permanent appropriation process of the human culture. Thus, this idea of "maturity of development" expresses a deep biologization of the human being, reducing social and educational problems explanation to the biological apparatus of the individual. The purpose of this essay is to analyze the relationship between maturation and development, pointing out the limits of biologists’ explanations of human phenomena and the possibilities of explanation formulated by the historical-cultural theory to the organization of pedagogical work. This concept gives a new configuration to the role of maturation in the learning process and gives the school education a central role in the development of higher psychological functions. Thus, the school does not have to wait for the child’s maturation. Rather, it is its duty to create conditions for his/her maturation to become effective.

O ofuscamento da infância no brilho das telas: relações entre teoria crítica, educação e sociedade

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

John Gledson reescreve Milton Hatoum: a teoria e a experiência da tradução cultural

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Aplicação da teoria da confiabilidade em estacas escavadas de grande diâmetro para obtenção das superfícies resistentes de projeto

In this work, the author looks forward to develop a new method capable of incorporate the concepts of the Reliability Theory and Ruin Probability in Deep Foundations, in order to do a better quantification of the uncertainties, which is intrinsic in all geotechnical projects, meanly because we don't know all the properties of the materials that we work with. Using the methodologies of Decourt Quaresma and David Cabral, resistance surfaces have been developed utilizing the data achieved from the Standard Penetration Tests performed in the field of study, in conjecture with the loads defined in the executive project of the piles. The construction of resistance surfaces shows to be a very useful tool for decision making, no matter in which phase it is current on, projecting or execution. The surfaces were developed by Kriging (using the software Surfer® 12), making it easier to visualize the geotechnical profile of the field of study. Comparing the results, the conclusion was that a high safety factor doesn't mean higher security. It is fundamental to consider the loads and resistance of the piles in the whole field, carefully choosing the project methodology responsible to define the diameter and length of the piles