El coaching educativo, la videoconferencia sincrónica online y otras herramientas digitales aplicadas a la enseñanza a distancia:implementación por videoconferencia sincrónica de un curso online de introducción a proyectos de diseño

Esta tesis doctoral tiene su origen en el proyecto educativo online y offline Arte Casellas que se inició con el propósito de solucionar dos necesidades. La primera, ofrecer a los alumnos de bachillerato una formación que les capacitase para superar la prueba específica de acceso a los Estudios Superiores de Grado de Diseño y la segunda la superación de paradigmas educativos obsoletos estimulando el espíritu de emprendimiento e independencia económica de los docentes. El citado proyecto contaba con una página web en la que se estaban aplicando los conceptos básicos de marca personal y marketing educativo y se había comenzando a implementar, entre otros productos, un curso online impartido por videoconferencia sincrónica con el que se estaba enseñando dibujo técnico y artístico, creatividad e historia del diseño. Este curso se convirtió en el estudio de caso de esta tesis doctoral...

Marketing relacional assente no marketing interno: a influência das competências de coaching do líder nas respostas dos colaboradores

Liderar é muito mais do que ocupar um cargo. A liderança é a manifestação de uma determinada conduta perante os outros, uma conduta que leva a querer seguir o líder. Liderar diz respeito a definir direções, assegurar ações e cumprir objetivos ao mesmo tempo que se influencia e inspira o compromisso dos outros para se concretizar. Ainda que este conceito seja relativamente consensual, líderes há muitos e formas de liderar também. O estilo de liderança Coaching é um estilo que permite criar um elevado grau de empenhamento, confiança e inspiração nos seus seguidores, o que conduz a um desempenho que supera as expectativas. O líder coach é um potenciador, alguém verdadeiramente importante na dinâmica das equipas. Todavia, por se encontrar uma relativa escassez de dados empíricos relativos à eficácia desta abordagem, afigurou-se pertinente perceber em que medida o líder coach tem um papel determinante na manifestação de determinadas respostas atitudinais e comportamentais dos colaboradores, nomeadamente empenhamento afetivo, criatividade e orientação para o cliente. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo com base nas perceções que 80 colaboradores de diferentes organizações tinham dos seus líderes e das suas próprias atitudes e comportamentos. Os resultados indicaram que as Competências de Coaching do líder explicam 45 % do empenhamento afetivo, 5 % da criatividade e 21 % da orientação para o cliente do colaborador. Deste estudo é possível inferir que as Competências de Coaching do líder são determinantes para as respostas atitudinais e comportamentais dos colaboradores, apresentando resultados positivos. A atuação do líder é preponderante no Marketing Interno, na conquista do cliente interno; como tal, assumindo que a estratégia de Marketing Relacional é construída do interior para o exterior da organização, a liderança Coaching poderá trazer benefícios.

The Relationship Between Coaching Behaviours and Sport Anxiety in Athletes

Previous research has identified the relationship between athlete sport anxiety and various sport outcomes (e.g., performance and dropout). For the majority of athletes involved in sport, the coach is an influential element of the competitive experience. Two hundred and twenty-eight athletes from 15 sports, completed the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Coaching Behavior Scale for Sport (CBS-S). The predictive ability of athletes' perceived frequency of seven coaching behaviours (physical training, mental preparation, goal setting, technical skills, competition strategies, personal rapport and negative personal rapport) on four forms of sport anxiety (total anxiety, somatic anxiety, concentration disruption and worry) was examined. Results indicate that negative personal rapport was a significant predictor of all measured forms of sport anxiety while competition strategies was a significant predictor for total anxiety, concentration disruption, and worry. Other behaviours were not significant. The findings suggest that negative rapport between coach and athlete is an important contributor to athlete anxiety. In addition, behaviours that the coach demonstrates relative to competition can be influential in reducing athlete anxiety.

Towards a Definition of Excellence in Sport Coaching

In this paper,we propose different definitions of coaching excellence based on two principles. First,the application of coaching skill,as in any other domain of excellence,is context-dependent. Second, excellent coaches are knowledgeable and constantly assemble mental models that enable them to meet their athletes' needs and to effectively manage the central duties of coaching - organization, training, and competition. Four categories of coaches and corresponding definitions are proposed based on the characteristics of athletes and the developmentally-appropriate sport contexts: 1) participation coaches for children, 2) participation coaches for teens and adults, 3) performance coaches for young adolescents, 4) performance coaches for older adolescents and adults.

College radio as coaching professional. Analysis of the relationship between the degrees and Spanish university radio

College radio is subject to constant transformation. The rise of information and communications technologies has allowed its development and modernization as well as the proliferation of new professional profiles. This research aims to analyze the connection of the Spanish university stations with the relevant qualifications. To do this, we use a comparative methodology based on examination of descriptors and specific principal subjects of degrees such as Audiovisual Communication and Journalism, although we will be using other degrees that are acquiring more responsibilities in a radio station, such as the degree in Information and Documentation. In conclusion, structural weaknesses in the university environment are observed, but future possibilities are detected as well: A college radio station is a place of convergence between the training of students from different degrees and reality itself, a versatile medium that provides the relevance of being the first professional contact of college students with the labor market.

PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY OF AMATEURS: THE CONTEXT OF SPORTS COACHING

The developing intersection between the law of negligence and sports coaching in the UK provides a profoundly distinctive context, as compared to that of the more traditional learned professions, in which to critically examine the issue of professional liability. More specifically, detailed consideration of the Bolam test in the context of sports coaching, where the majority of coaches are volunteers, reinforces the Bolam doctrine as a control mechanism designed to protect both claimants and defendants alike. Importantly, a fuller analysis of related jurisprudence, even in instances where defendant coaches lack a formal qualification, and/or may not have engaged in considered and reasoned decision-making, reveals the potential for the Bolam test to operate as a quasi-defence, thereby safeguarding coaches from negligence liability. Nonetheless, in discharging this heightened standard of care incumbent upon them, coaches must ensure that the coaching practices adopted are regular, approved, and capable of withstanding robust and logical scrutiny. Ultimately, this article’s analysis of the principles of professional liability, in the specific circumstances of sports coaching, should prove to be of appreciably wider interest and utility for practitioners specialising in personal injury law.

Sports coaching and the law of negligence: implications for coaching practice

The ordinary principles of the law of negligence are applicable in the context of sport, including claims brought against volunteer and professional coaches. Adopting the perspective of the coach, this article intends to raise awareness of the emerging intersection between the law of negligence and sports coaching, by utilising an interdisciplinary analysis designed to better safeguard and reassure coaches mindful of legal liability. Detailed scrutiny of two cases concerning alleged negligent coaching, with complementary discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas facing modern coaches, reinforces the legal duty and obligation of all coaches to adopt objectively reasonable and justifiable coaching practices when interacting with athletes. Problematically, since research suggests that some coaching practice may be underpinned by “entrenched legitimacy” and “uncritical inertia”, it is argued that coach education and training should place a greater emphasis on developing a coach’s awareness and understanding of the evolving legal context in which they discharge the duty of care incumbent upon them.

MODERN SPORT COACHING AND THE LAW: IMPLICATIONS FOR COACH EDUCATION

Introduction
The intersection between the law of negligence and sport coaching in the UK is a developing area (Partington, 2014; Kevan, 2005). Crucially, since the law of negligence may be regarded as generally similar everywhere (Magnus, 2006), with the predominance of volunteer coaches in the UK reflective of the majority of countries in the world (Duffy et al., 2011), a detailed scrutiny of this relationship from the perspective of the coach uncovers important implications for coach education beyond this jurisdiction.  
Argumentation
Fulfilment of the legal duty of discharging reasonable care may be regarded as consistent with the ethical obligation not to expose athletes to unreasonable risks of injury (Mitten, 2013). More specifically, any ‘profession’ requiring ‘special skill or competence’ (Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582), including the coaching of sport (e.g., Davenport v Farrow [2010] EWHC 550), requires a higher standard of care to be displayed than would be expected of the ordinary reasonable person (Lunney & Oliphant, 2013; Jones & Dugdale, 2010). For instance, volunteer coaches with no formal qualifications (e.g., Fowles v Bedfordshire County Council [1996] ELR 51) would be judged by this benchmark of professional liability (Powell & Stewart, 2012). Further, as the principles of coaching are constantly assessed and revised (Cassidy et al., 2009; Taylor & Garratt, 2010), so too is the legal standard of care required of coaches (Powell & Stewart, 2012). Problematically, ethical concerns may include coaches being unwilling to increase knowledge, abusive treatment of players and incompetence/inexperience (Haney et al., 1998). These factors accentuate coaches’ exposure to civil liability.
Implications
It is imperative that coaches have an awareness of this emerging intersection and develop a ‘proactive risk assessment lens’ (Hartley, 2010). In addition to supporting the professionalisation of sport coaching, coach education/CPD focused on the legal and ethical aspects of coaching (Duffy et al., 2011; Telfer, 2010; Haney et al., 1998) would enhance the safety and welfare of performers, safeguard coaches from litigation risk, and potentially improve all levels of coaching (Partington, 2014). Interestingly, there is evidence to suggest a demand from coaches for more training on health and safety issues, including risk management and (ir)responsible coaching (Stirling et al., 2012). Accordingly, critical examination of the issue of negligent coaching would inform coach education by: enabling the modelling and sharing of best practice; unpacking important ethical concerns; and, further informing the classification of coaching as a ‘profession’.

Why Workplace Coaching Research Needs Greater Scientific Rigour: a Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research

To address a significant gap in the workplace coaching literature, we provide an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the literature in order to inform researchers, practitioners and organizations of the current state of play in workplace coaching research. In our review, we apply a systematic assessment of methodological rigour of the extant workplace coaching literature in order to gain insights into the link between rigour and research outcomes. Our review is fully inclusive and therefore includes both quantitative and qualitative studies of workplace coaching including coaching provided by supervisors. We explore the potential antecedents, moderators and mediators impacting on coaching outcomes, such as the coachee and coach profile and coaching intervention variables. Informed by our systematic review and methodological assessment, specific recommendations will be made to guide future research in the field of workplace coaching effectiveness and theoretical development.

Integrating a Career Coaching Approach Within a Preparing for Placement Module in Order to Enhance Student Employability

The UFHRD Programme and Qualification Activities Committee awards an annual prize for the best contribution to the UFHRD Teaching & Learning Resource bank. Our teaching and learning resource is an overview of the placement module, including career coaching, that was created to enhance student employability.

What is best for Esther? Building improvement coaching capacity with and for users in health and social Care-A case study

While coaching and customer involvement can enhance the improvement of health and social care, many organizations struggle to develop their improvement capability; it is unclear how best to accomplish this. We examined one attempt at training improvement coaches. The program, set in the Esther Network for integrated care in rural Jonkoping County, Sweden, included eight 1-day sessions spanning 7 months in 2011. A senior citizen joined the faculty in all training sessions. Aiming to discern which elements in the program were essential for assuming the role of improvement coach, we used a case-study design with a qualitative approach. Our focus group interviews included 17 informants: 11 coaches, 3 faculty members, and 3 senior citizens. We performed manifest content analysis of the interview data. Creating will, ideas, execution, and sustainability emerged as crucial elements. These elements were promoted by customer focusembodied by the senior citizen trainershared values and a solution-focused approach, by the supportive coach network and by participants' expanded systems understanding. These elements emerged as more important than specific improvement tools and are worth considering also elsewhere when seeking to develop improvement capability in health and social care organizations.

COACHES, CLIMATES, “FIELD” GOALS, AND EFFICACY: A “DE-CONSTRUCTION” OF THE MASTERY-APPROACH TO COACHING AND EXAMINATION OF RELATIONSHIPS TO PSYCHOSOCIAL OUTCOMES IN A YOUTH FOOTBALL PLAYER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

In support of the achievement goal theory (AGT), empirical research has demonstrated psychosocial benefits of the mastery-oriented learning climate. In this study, we examined the effects of perceived coaching behaviors on various indicators of psychosocial well-being (competitive anxiety, self-esteem, perceived competence, enjoyment, and future intentions for participation), as mediated by perceptions of the coach-initiated motivational climate, achievement goal orientations and perceptions of sport-specific skills efficacy. Using a pre-post test design, 1,464 boys, ages 10-15 (M = 12.84 years, SD = 1.44), who participated in a series of 12 football skills clinics were surveyed from various locations across the United States. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, the cumulative direct and indirect effects of the perceived coaching behaviors on the psychosocial variables at post-test were parsed out to determine what types of coaching behaviors are more conducive to the positive psychosocial development of youth athletes. The study demonstrated that how coaching behaviors are perceived impacts the athletes’ perceptions of the motivational climate and achievement goal orientations, as well as self-efficacy beliefs. These effects in turn affect the athletes’ self-esteem, general competence, sport-specific competence, competitive anxiety, enjoyment, and intentions to remain involved in the sport. The findings also clarify how young boys internalize and interpret coaches’ messages through modification of achievement goal orientations and sport-specific efficacy beliefs.

Inteligencia Emocional y Coaching

El objetivo de este módulo es proporcionar al alumnado una introducción e idea del concepto de coaching, trabajar en el aula los principales recursos que pueden poner en práctica y desarrollar sus habilidades como coach. Existen multitudes de formas de hacer coaching de manera sistémica, ontológica pero modelo que trabajamos es el coaching co- activo. Este modelo define el coaching como una alianza entre dos personas para alcanzar las metas que el cliente se ha propuesto es una relación de igualdad. Este tipo de coaching hace que el coach se centre en su coachee en una relación hacia el futuro y tome el pasado o el presente como una breve referencia para iniciarlo hacia el camino que nunca hubiese imaginado que podía llegar. El coach realiza una tarea de acompañamiento, actuando como un espejo para que el coachee se vea reflejado para llegar a esa consecución de metas que se ha fijado. En este tipo de coaching existen tres pilares importantes: • La plenitud es la vida que el coachee valora más en plenitud, en el aquí y el ahora. • El equilibrio el coaching de equilibrio ayuda a tomar decisiones que le hagan sentirse vivos y proporciona responsabilidad personal • El proceso estamos inmersos de manera constante en el contexto de nuestra vida . El trabajo del coach con el coachee es estar continuamente en ese proceso. El fin último de todo este proceso es ayudar al coachee a alcanzar la plenitud, el equilibrio y sobre todo maximizar en estas tres áreas. El coaching co- activo tiene cinco pilares fundamentales • El cliente es una persona creativa, completa y llena de recursos es lo que surge por encima de las creencias limitantes. El coach tiene las preguntas y el coachee las respuestas. • El coaching co-activo actúa sobre todas las facetas del coachee se centra en la plenitud, proceso y equilibrio. • El coachee es quién establece la agenda, su proceso está centrado en sus objetivos y debe ser consciente de que debe comprometerse con el ciclo vital • El coach baila con el coachee no se trata de un plan rígido sino un proceso que marca el coachee.