Prognostic value of intraventricular dyssynchrony according to clinical stage of left ventricular impairment

Intraventricular dyssynchrony has prognostic implications in patients who have severe functional limitation and decreased ejection fraction. Patients with less advanced cardiac disease often exhibit intraventricular dyssynchrony, but there is little available information about its prognostic relevance in such patients. We investigated the prognostic effect of intraventricular dyssynchrony on outcome in 318 patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease who were classified according to the presence or absence of left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure symptoms. Mortality was considered the primary end point over a median follow-up of 56 months, and a Cox proportional hazards model was used for survival analysis. Despite a low prevalence (8%) of left bundle branch block, there was a high prevalence of intraventricular dyssynchrony even in patients without symptomatic heart failure. The magnitude of intraventricular dyssynchrony correlated poorly with QRS duration (r = 0.25),end-systolic volume index (r = 0.27), and number of scar segments (r = 0.25). There,were 58 deaths during follow-up. Ventricular volume, ischemic burden, and magnitude of intraventricular dyssynchrony predicted outcome, but magnitude of intraventricular dyssynchrony was an independent predictor of survival only in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. In conclusion, patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease have a high prevalence of intraventricular dyssynchrony. Although ventricular volume, ischemic burden, and intraventricular dyssynchrony are potentially important prognostic markers, the relative importance of intraventricular dyssynchrony changes with the clinical setting and, may be greatest-in patients with preclinical disease. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relative predictive value of intraventricular dysynchrony in determining long-term outcome in patients with known or suspected coronary disease

Improvement of intra-ventricular dysynchrony (IVD) in pts undergoing bi-ventricular pacing is associated with clinical improvementbut little isknownabout the relationship between IVD and prognosis.We sought whether IVD influences long-term outcome in pts with known or suspected coronary disease (CAD). Tissue Doppler imaging was performed in 184 pts (aged 61±10 years, 67% male) prior to dobutamine echo. From velocity curves the interval between QRS onset and max systolic velocity (Ts) was measured in basal septal, lateral, inferior and anterior segments. The maximal difference in Ts between segments (TsMax) was used as a measure of IVD. The standard deviation (TsSD) between all segments and the septal-lateral difference (TsSL) were also calculated. Pts were followed up for a median interval of 5 years and a Cox model used for survival analysis. The medianwall motion index (WMI) was 1.3 (IQR 1.0–1.8) at rest and 1.4 (IQR 1.3–1.9) at stress. The table shows IVD parameters. Forty-one deaths occurred during follow-up. Pts who died during follow-up, compared to survivors, showed greater IVD. WMI at rest (p = 0.03) and peak stress (p = 0.02), TsSD (p = 0.06), TsSL (p = 0.02) and TsMax (p = 0.05) but not QRS width were univariate predictors of mortality. TsSL was the only independent predictor of death (p = 0.01). Therefore, IVD is common in pts with known or suspected CAD. Pts with more IVD have reduced long-term survival, independent of WMI.

Incidencia y factores de riesgo asociados a hemorragia intraventricular en recién nacidos prematuros atendidos en el servicio de neonatología del Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom de Enero 2012 a Diciembre 2013

La hemorragia intraventricular constituye una complicación que con mucha frecuencia se asocia a la prematuréz; a pesar de los avances en atención hospitalaria, que buscan disminuir el número de recién nacidos prematuros, éstos continúan presentándose y por lo tanto el desarrollo de hemorragia intraventricular se detecta cada vez con más frecuencia en este grupo de recién nacidos, es sabido además de la influencia de un número importante de factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la presencia de dicha patología. Objetivo: conocer la incidencia y los factores de riesgo que llevan al desarrollo de hemorragia intraventricular en recién nacidos prematuros atendidos en el servicio de neonatos y cuidados intensivos neonatales del Hospital de Niños Benjamín Bloom. Dicho hospital recibe continuamente recién nacidos prematuros, que en diferente grado presentan hemorragia intraventricular; por lo que resultó necesario determinar con qué frecuencia se desarrolló ésta entre los prematuros atendidos y además cuales fueron los factores de riesgo asociados. Método: se realizó un estudio analítico de casos y controles, de fuentes documentales a partir de los expedientes clínicos de los recién nacidos prematuros que fueron atendidos en el servicio de neonatos y cuidados intensivos neonatales del HNNBB de enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2013. Se llevó a cabo la revisión de 140 expedientes clínicos, uno de ellos se excluyó por presentar múltiples malformaciones congénitas, que constituía un criterio de exclusión, de éstos datos se utilizaron para el análisis 117 expedientes, ya que a 22 pacientes no se les realizó ultrasonografía transfontanelar, sin tener información de las razones por las que no se tomó dicho estudio. Resultados: el estudio demostró que la hemorragia intraventricular se presentó en 25 pacientes, con una frecuencia del 21.4%, similar a los datos encontrados en las referencias bibliográficas. Los factores de riesgo parto vaginal se presentó en 15 pacientes (60%), APGAR bajo al primer minuto (6.52±2.06), presencia de síndrome de dificultad respiratoria que se identificó en 21 pacientes (84%), la ventilación mecánica se necesitó en el 96% de los pacientes (24) y el uso de derivados sanguíneos con un promedio de 3.6±3.13 transfusiones, se relaciona al desarrollo de hemorragia intraventricular con mayor frecuencia, pero no se asociaron de forma significativa. Los factores que con mayor significancia se asociaron al desarrollo de esta patología en la población estudiada fueron: Edad gestacional ˂ 28 semanas (OR 4.9), peso menor de 1500 gramos (OR 5.48) y presencia de sepsis neonatal (OR3.77)

Bloqueio meiótico como alternativa para aumentar a produção de embriões clone por transferência nuclear

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2016.

Modelo Estocástico para bloqueio de poros e redução de permeabilidade

Modeling transport of particulate suspensions in porous media is essential for understanding various processes of industrial and scientific interest. During these processes, particles are retained due to mechanisms like size exclusion (straining), adsorption, sedimentation and diffusion. In this thesis, a mathematical model is proposed and analytical solutions are obtained. The obtained analytic solutions for the proposed model, which takes pore and particle size distributions into account, were applied to predict the particle retention, pore blocking and permeability reduction during dead-end microfiltration in membranes. Various scenarios, considering different particle and pore size distributions were studied. The obtained results showed that pore blocking and permeability reduction are highly influenced by the initial pore and particle size distributions. This feature was observed even when different initial pore and particle size distributions with the same average pore size and injected particle size were considered. Finally, a mathematical model for predicting equivalent permeability in porous media during particle retention (and pore blocking) is proposed and the obtained solutions were applied to study permeability decline in different scenarios

Segunda opinião formativa: quais são as principais causas de bloqueio de ramo direito (BRD)?

Segunda Opinião Formativa (SOF), resposta sistematizada, construída com base em revisão bibliográfica, oriunda de dúvidas relevantes do serviço de teleconsultoria. O texto refere-se à causa do bloqueio de ramo direito (BRD) e lista os três critérios do padrão eletrocardiográfico que o mesmo resulta.

Segunda opinião formativa: o que é a Síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White?

Em 1930, Louis Wolff, John Parkinson e Paul Dudley White publicaram uma série de casos de pacientes com paroxismos de taquicardia cujo ECG basal mostrava um intervalo PR curto e um padrão de bloqueio de ramo. A síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) acontece quando existem vias acessórias que promovem uma pré-excitação ventricular: fibras anormais, congênitas, conectam o átrio ou a junção AV ao ventrículo, fora do sistema His-Purkinje. O impulso elétrico será transmitido sem o retardo do NAV, e haverá um by-pass com ativação elétrica prematura do ventrículo. A pré-excitação ventricular determina três principais alterações no ECG: 1. Intervalo PR curto, menor do que 120 ms nos adultos ou 90 ms nas crianças; 2. QRS alargado (duração maior do que 120 ms), com um empastamento em sua porção inicial (onda delta) e porção final normal; tal padrão acontece por uma fusão entre a ativação inicial causada pela pré-excitação (com condução intraventricular lenta fibra a fibra) e a ativação final, pelo sistema especializado His-Purkinje. 3. Alterações secundárias do ST-T, geralmente opostas à polaridade da onda delta. Padrão de WPW vs. Síndrome de WPW: é importante diferenciar o padrão eletrocardiográfico de pré-excitação que acontece em indivíduos assintomáticos do diagnóstico da síndrome de WPW: a síndrome só existe quando, além do padrão descrito, há taquiarritmias sintomáticas. O padrão de WPW é raro, e a síndrome mais rara ainda, com uma prevalência em torno de 1,5/100. Embora o prognóstico seja usualmente excelente, a morte súbita pode acontecer em cerca de 0,1% dos pacientes, e geralmente está associada a fibrilação atrial com resposta ventricular muito rápida, que se degenera em taquicardia ventricular. Pacientes com padrão de pré-excitação ao ECG e aqueles com a síndrome de WPW devem ser referendados ao cardiologista. A indicação de Holter, teste ergométrico e, sobretudo do estudo eletrofisiológico (diagnóstico e para ablação das vias acessórias) será definida conforme as diretrizes e a avaliação cuidadosa do paciente em questão.

The Intrahippocampal Infusion Of Crotamine From Crotalus Durissus Terrificus Venom Enhances Memory Persistence In Rats.

Previous research has shown that crotamine, a toxin isolated from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus, induces the release of acetylcholine and dopamine in the central nervous system of rats. Particularly, these neurotransmitters are important modulators of memory processes. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of crotamine infusion on persistence of memory in rats. We verified that the intrahippocampal infusion of crotamine (1 μg/μl; 1 μl/side) improved the persistence of object recognition and aversive memory. By other side, the intrahippocampal infusion of the toxin did not alter locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety or pain threshold. These results demonstrate a future prospect of using crotamine as potential pharmacological tool to treat diseases involving memory impairment, although it is still necessary more researches to better elucidate the crotamine effects on hippocampus and memory.

Effects Of Therapeutic Approach On The Neonatal Evolution Of Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

To analyze the effects of treatment approach on the outcomes of newborns (birth weight [BW] < 1,000 g) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) on: death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH III/IV), retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical (ROPsur), necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery (NECsur), and death/BPD. This was a multicentric, cohort study, retrospective data collection, including newborns (BW < 1000 g) with gestational age (GA) < 33 weeks and echocardiographic diagnosis of PDA, from 16 neonatal units of the BNRN from January 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2011. Newborns who died or were transferred until the third day of life, and those with presence of congenital malformation or infection were excluded. Groups: G1 - conservative approach (without treatment), G2 - pharmacologic (indomethacin or ibuprofen), G3 - surgical ligation (independent of previous treatment). Factors analyzed: antenatal corticosteroid, cesarean section, BW, GA, 5 min. Apgar score < 4, male gender, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE II), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), late sepsis (LS), mechanical ventilation (MV), surfactant (< 2 h of life), and time of MV. death, O2 dependence at 36 weeks (BPD36wks), IVH III/IV, ROPsur, NECsur, and death/BPD36wks. Student's t-test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test; Odds ratio (95% CI); logistic binary regression and backward stepwise multiple regression. Software: MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, version 12.1.4.0. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. 1,097 newborns were selected and 494 newborns were included: G1 - 187 (37.8%), G2 - 205 (41.5%), and G3 - 102 (20.6%). The highest mortality was observed in G1 (51.3%) and the lowest in G3 (14.7%). The highest frequencies of BPD36wks (70.6%) and ROPsur were observed in G3 (23.5%). The lowest occurrence of death/BPD36wks occurred in G2 (58.0%). Pharmacological (OR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14-0.62) and conservative (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14-0.79) treatments were protective for the outcome death/BPD36wks. The conservative approach of PDA was associated to high mortality, the surgical approach to the occurrence of BPD36wks and ROPsur, and the pharmacological treatment was protective for the outcome death/BPD36wks.

Evaluation of the performance of different plastics used to seal nylon cDNA arrays

cDNA arrays are a powerful tool for discovering gene expression patterns. Nylon arrays have the advantage that they can be re-used several times. A key issue in high throughput gene expression analysis is sensitivity. In the case of nylon arrays, signal detection can be affected by the plastic bags used to keep membranes humid. In this study, we evaluated the effect of five types of plastics on the radioactive transmittance, number of genes with a signal above the background, and data variability. A polyethylene plastic bag 69 μm thick had a strong shielding effect that blocked 68.7% of the radioactive signal. The shielding effect on transmittance decreased the number of detected genes and increased the data variability. Other plastics which were thinner gave better results. Although plastics made from polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride (both 13 μm thick) and polyethylene (29 and 7 μm thick) showed different levels of transmittance, they all gave similarly good performances. Polyvinylidene chloride and polyethylene 29 mm thick were the plastics of choice because of their easy handling. For other types of plastics, it is advisable to run a simple check on their performance in order to obtain the maximum information from nylon cDNA arrays.

Comparação da eficácia da ropivacaína 1% quando associada ou não à hialuronidase na anestesia peribulbar para cirurgia de catarata

Purpose: To evaluate the onset time and quality of peribulbar anesthesia with 1% ropivacaine associated or not with hyaluronidase 100 tru/ml for cataract extraction. Methods: Prospective, randomized, double-blind and controlled study including fifty-seven patients, scheduled to undergo peribulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction, allocated to two groups. Group C: 1% ropivacaine with addition of 100 tru/ml hyaluronidase, and Group S 1% ropivacaine, without hyaluronidase. The onset time for globe akinesia was studied at intervals of 2 minutes, using Nicoll's score. We evaluated pain by analogic score during the surgery and the necessity of complementing the anaesthesia. The peribulbar block was considered satisfactory when the Nicoll's score was less than 4. Results: The mean time of onset of block in group C was 4.07 minutes (± 3.24), and in group S 5.03 (± 3.28). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Both were similar regarding pain score, no pain was observed in 57.14% of group C, and in 68.97% of group S. The supplementary anesthetic was necessary in 2 cases of group C and in 3 cases of group S. Two cases of bradycardia (heart rate < 50 bpm) were observed during the surgery, and in one case administration of atropine IV was necessary. Conclusion: 1% ropivacaine provided a good quality of anesthesia for cataract extraction, with a faster onset of action in the group with hyaluronidase 100 iu/ml, although without significant difference.

Nossa notação m' na prova de Rorschach: ampliação e restrição do fator m de Klopfer

Klopfer's differentiation of movement scores, among which inanimate movement integrating the minor movements group, was no doubt opportune and needed. Their peculiar meaning has been clearly stressed and enriched by Piotrowski in his reformulation of Rorschach variables. It is our belief that Rorschach himself would take such step. Our criteria for scoring this determinant are somewhat different of both Klopfer's and Piotrowski's. On the one hand, masks, facial traits, emotional expressions, body parts in motion are not entered there. On the other, we score as such human or animal movement, provided this does not originate in the blot shape directly, but in the subjective reaction against the sensed muscular tension. Basic requirement for this scoring is the kinesthetic component, as for Mever since Rorschach's elaboration; and common trait distinctive for any response to be so scored ? be it an abstraction, an inanimate object, an animal or human being ? must be the subjective way of feeling the movement: (a) intention, blocking, struggle for achieving, for instance, or (b) activity of nature elements. Due to this subjective meaning we use the symbol m'intead of mfor this category. We already find these two kinds (a) and (b) of movement responses in Rorschach's text, respectively in the Examplesand in his posthumous Contribution.Either may point to a flight from emotional stress or to outstanding mental ability.