X-ray spectra induced in highly charged Ar-40(q+) interacting with Au surface

By use of optical spectrum technology, the spectra of X-ray induced by highly charged Ar-40(q+) ions interacting with Au surface have been studied. The results show that the argon K alpha X-ray were emitted from the hollow atoms formed below the surface. There is a process of multi-electron exciting in neutralization of the Ar16+ ion, with electronic configuration 1s(2) in its ground state below the solid surface. The yield of the projectile K alpha X-ray is related to its initial electronic configuration, and the yield of the target X-ray is related to the projectile kinetic energy.

低速~(40)Ar~(17+)离子入射金属Be表面发射的近红外光谱线和X射线谱；Infrared Light and X-ray Emissions of ~(40)Ar~(17+) Impacting on Be Surface ；

用速度不同的(动能EK=272和357keV,速度v=1.14×106和1.72×106m/s)的高电荷态离子40Ar17+分别入射金属Be表面,同时测量这种相互作用过程中产生的近红外光谱线和X射线谱。实验结果表明,在低速范围内(速度小于玻尔速度vBohr=2.19×106m/s),速度较小的40Ar17+离子在到达金属的表面临界距离Rc到进入表面(2—3原子层)的进程中,形成了较多的高激发态Ar原子,其退激辐射较强的光谱线,进而验证了经典过垒模型。

The annealing behavior of Cu nanoparticles in Ar-ion implanted spinel

Magnesium aluminate spinel crystals (MgAl2O4 (1 1 0)) deposited with 30 nm Cu film on surface were implanted with 110 key Ar-ions to a fluence of 1.0 x 10(17) ions/cm(2) at 350 degrees C, and then annealed in vacuum condition at the temperature of 500, 600, 700, 800 and 900 degrees C for 1 h, respectively. Ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were adopted to analyze the specimens. After implantation, the appearance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance peak in the UV-VIS spectrum indicated the formation of Cu nanoparticles, and the TEM results for 500 degrees C also confirmed the formation of Cu nanoparticles at near-surface region. In annealing process, The SPR absorbance intensity increased at 500 and 700 degrees C, decreased with a blue shift of the peak position at 600 and 800 degrees C, and the peak disappeared at 900 degrees C. The SPR absorbance intensity evolution with temperature was discussed combined with other measurement results (RBS, SEM and TEM). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shell effect on stabilization processes following multi-electron transfer in slow Arq+-Ar (g=6-9, 11) collisions

We experimentally investigate the shell effect on the stabilization processes following the multi-electron transfer in slow collisions of Arq+-Ar (q = 6-9, It) The relative cross-section ratios of multi-electron transfer and of the subsequent stabilization with respect to single-electron capture are measured meanwhile compared with the theoretical results predicted by the classical over-barrier model. Our result indicates that the multi-electron transfer is dominant when the projectile charge is large and the subsequent stabilization shows a dramatic variation if the projectile L-shell configuration becomes open. It shows that the subsequent stabilization processes of multiply excited scattering ions have a strong dependence on the projectile shell. (C) 2010 Elsevier BV All rights reserved.

Neutron-Proton Asymmetry Dependence of Spectroscopic Factors in Ar Isotopes

Spectroscopic factors have been extracted for proton-rich Ar-34 and neutron-rich Ar-46 using the (p, d) neutron transfer reaction. The experimental results show little reduction of the ground state neutron spectroscopic factor of the proton-rich nucleus Ar-34 compared to that of Ar-46. The results suggest that correlations, which generally reduce such spectroscopic factors, do not depend strongly on the neutronproton asymmetry of the nucleus in this isotopic region as was reported in knockout reactions. The present results are consistent with results from systematic studies of transfer reactions but inconsistent with the trends observed in knockout reaction measurements.

Neutron spectroscopic factors of Ar-34 and Ar-46 from (p,d) transfer reactions

Single-neutron-transfer measurements using (p,d) reactions have been performed at 33 MeV per nucleon with proton-rich Ar-34 and neutron-rich Ar-46 beams in inverse kinematics. The extracted spectroscopic factors are compared to the large-basis shell-model calculations. Relatively weak quenching of the spectroscopic factors is observed between Ar-34 and Ar-46. The experimental results suggest that neutron correlations have a weak dependence on the asymmetry of the nucleus over this isotopic region. The present results are consistent with the systematics established from extensive studies of spectroscopic factors and dispersive optical-model analyses of Ca40-49 isotopes. They are, however, inconsistent with the trends obtained in knockout-reaction measurements.

Enhanced photoluminescence of Ar+ implanted sapphire before and after annealing

In this paper, we studied the changes in the photoluminescence spectra of the Ar+ ion implanted monocrystalline sapphire annealed at different atmospheres and different temperatures. Single crystals of sapphire (Al2O3) with the (1 0 (1) over bar 0) (m-samples) orientation were implanted at 623 K with 110 keV Ar+ ions to a fluence of 9.5 x 10(16) ions/cm(2). Photoluminescence measurement of the as-implanted sample shows a new emission band at 506 nm, which is attributed to the production of interstitial Al atoms. The intensity of emission band at 506 nm first increased then decreased with increase in annealing temperature. For the same annealing temperature, the intensity of PL peak at 506 nm of the sample annealed in air was higher than the sample annealed in vacuum. The experimental results show that the intensity of the PL peak at 506 nm of Ar-implanted sapphire can be enhanced by subsequent annealing with an enhancement of nearly 20 times. The influence of thermal annealing of the Ar-implanted samples on the new 506 nm emission band was discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Enhanced nucleation of Ag nanoparticles by vacancy-type defects in Ar-ions implanted spinel

Vacancy-type defects are introduced into magnesium aluminate spine] (MgAl2O4 (1 1 0)) by Ar-ions implantation, and then Ag-ions are implanted into the depth rich in vacancy-type defects. The ultraviolet-visible spectrometry (UV-VIS) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) are used to study the influence of vacancy-type defects on nucleation of Ag nanoparticles. After introduction of vacancy-type defects the pronounced increase of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorbance intensity indicates that defects enhance the nucleation of Ag nanoparticles. The PAS results reveal that vacancy-type defects provide pre-nucleating centers for Ag nanoparticles nucleation and growth. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION OF Ar-36,Ar-40 INDUCED REACTIONS

Fragment yields for Z >= 5 from projectile fragmentation using primary beams of Ar-36,Ar-40 at 50 MeV/nucleon on Ni-64 target have been measured in RIBLL fragment separator. We compare the fragment cross sections with the predictions of the empirical EPAX parametrization of fragmentation cross-sections and Statistical Abration-Ablation model (SAA) by considering the RIBLL separator transmission rate. Isotope yield ratios between these two reactions were calculated and isoscaling parameters alpha and beta are extracted, their dependences on fragment atomic number Z and neutron number N were presented.

用RIMS研究低能He2+与Ar碰撞的多电子过程

用反冲离子动量谱仪研究了低能He2+与Ar碰撞的多电子交换过程。该技术的独特优势是对反冲离子末态动量的完全测量。实验上鉴别了单电子俘获SC，双电子俘获DC和转移电离TI各子过程，并得到了末态量子态布居信息，首次测量了该体系各反应道的角微分截面及直接与碰撞参数相关的信息。实验发现电子主要俘获到入射离子基态或单激发态，反冲离子处于单激发态或多激发态，并有较大几率形成空心离子。研究表明电荷交换过程中存在较强的电子-电子关联作用。角分布随反冲离子电荷态增加而变宽，并向大角度方向移动，表明碰撞参数减小，相互作用加剧。SC和DC与MCBM理论角微分截面符合很好，说明在大碰撞参数时经典近似有一定合理性。不同碰撞参数范围内反冲纵向动量分布表明，SC在碰撞参数7.2a.u.≥b≥3.6a.u.时发生机率最大，随碰撞参数减小，靶离子有不断向更高激发态过渡的趋势

聚碳酸酯膜的高能Ar离子辐照效应研究

本文简要介绍了PC材料的基本属性、用途和聚合物辐照效应的发展现状，以及荷能离子与固体相互作用的基本理论。重点描述了在兰州重离子加速器上完成的1.4GeV Ar离子辐照PC膜实验和辐照样品的付里叶转换红外谱（FT-IR）、紫外、可见光谱（UV、VIS）、X-射线光电子谱（XPS）和电子自旋共振谱（ESR）分析。分析结果表明：高能Ar离子在PC膜中引起的的主要辐照效应是键的断裂和材料的降解，重要降解发生在能量沉积密度大于8.0 * 10~(22)eV/cm~3或者电子能损大于1.4keV/nm时。这也表明了材料中的自由基增多，可蚀刻性增大。随辐照剂量和电子能损的增大，材料逐渐碳化，同时有类苯环物质和炔基生成。炔基的生成有一个剂量阈值为5.5 * 10~(11)ions/cm~3，有一个电子能损阈值为0.61keV/nm。在紫外、可见谱中，380nm、450nm和500nm波长处的吸光度变化随电子能损按平方规律变化，随剂量按线性规律变化。

25MeV/A~(40)Ar+~(115)In反应中轻粒子发射研究及大面积位置灵敏闪烁探测器的研制

论文分为两个部分。第一部分：研究在25MeV/u ~(40)Ar+~(115)In反应中轻粒子发射机制。实验中，利用研制的轻粒子探测器测量了发射的P、#alpha#能谱。用三源模型拟合了轻粒子能谱，所提取的参数与费米气体模型的计算结果进行比较，分析了发射源形成和衰变的一些特点。第二部分：研制一种大面积幅度、时间、位置灵敏闪烁探测器。它是HIRFL上建成的第一阶段放射性核束物理实验终端的主要设备之一，在首次放射性核束调试中收到良好的效果。本文的目的是用经典理论研究了热核形成及衰变的一些性质，在即将开展的放射性核束物理研究中， 利用研制的大型探测器对经典理论普适性进行检验

25MeV/u~(40)Ar~(15+)+~(209)Bi反应的裂变研究

本文首先回顾了重离子物理学的发展简史，并介绍了当前的一些关于重离子反应的理论方法，同时对于现在核物理的研究热点，热核的特性进行了概括性的叙述．由于裂变是作者工作的重点，因此在文章中，对裂变反应的理论也进行了介绍．为了能够清楚全面的说明我们的工作，本文对于实验装置和探测器也给出了详细的描述．最后，文章对25 MeVu Ar+Bi反应中的裂变进行了讨论．在这些讨论中，我们分析了反应中与裂变相关的数据，得到了碎片的质量，动能分布。同时运用与碎片相关联的4He粒子能谱提取了核温度和裂前裂后的4He粒子多重性，并利用这一数据计算了不同初始激发能下的裂点激发能和裂变时标.

30MeV/u~(40)Ar+~(nat)Ag反应中中等质量碎片的发射机制及其发射时间测量

中等质量碎片（IMF）的发射是中能重离子碰撞的一大特点，且随着轰击能量的升高其产额迅速增加。通过测量30MeV/u 40Ar+natAg反应中出射的中等质量碎片，研究了高激发热核的发射机制、发射时标和时空演化规律。 对反应中发射碎片能谱的运动源拟合表明，前角区（11°—22°）中等质量碎片（IMF）来自于三种成分：类靶源、类弹源和中速源成分，其中类弹和中速成分占主导，关联测量的IMF能谱拟合得到，一个来自于类弹源而另一个来自于中速源成分的事件占有相当大的比例。 利用小相对角度内的两碎片关联测量，研究高激发核衰变中中等质量碎片的发射时标和寿命。IMF发射时间随能量的变化很大，从低能碎片的250 fm/c到高能粒子的100 fm/c，表明在此能量下，反应中出射的IMF主要来自于相继两体衰变。通过与其它实验的比较可知，随着束流能量的升高，IMF发射时间由相继两体衰变向多重碎裂过渡。 IMF时空演化研究表明，发射空间的大小对IMF关联函数的影响主要来自于发射源的核物质密度而几乎不依赖于发射源的质量数。

30MeV/u~(40)Ar引起反应中的碎片发射机制

本论文中重点研究了30MeV/u 40Ar+58Ni，64Ni和115In反应中中等质量碎片（IMF）的发射机制。实验中，测量了实验室系5°～140°角度范围内出射碎片的能谱和角分布。对前角区出射的IMF（3≤Z≤13）实现了同位素鉴别，对中后角区出射的碎片在低探测阈（<2MeV/u ）的前提下实现了直到Z～30的元素鉴别。 用运动源模型对不同角度下出射的碎片能谱进行了分析和讨论，并结合角分布特征定性地研究了碎片的三个发射源。通过对各源的贡献随角度以及出射碎片电荷数Z的演化，观察到：类弹源主要发射的是那些前角区出射的、接近束流速度的高能碎片；中等速度源的发射是中角度区出射碎片和前角区低能碎片的主要来源；后角区出射的碎片则主要来自于类熔合源的发射。并观察到相对于类熔合源非平衡源更容易发射较轻的碎片。 通过对前角区出射IMF（3≤Z≤13）的能谱和同位素分布的分析，确定了那些基本保持束流速度的碎片主要来自于弹核碎裂过程。用各种模型对实验同位素分布进行了拟合，发现Sümmerer等人给出的经验公式和abrasion-ablation模型均能比较满意地拟合实验同位素分布的宽度和峰位。同时也观察到abrasion-ablation模型计算对奇Z元素的同位素分布能给出较好的拟合，但对偶Z元素的同位素分布，计算结果与实验值相比出现向丰中子方向的系统性偏移（～lamu）。另外，还着重研究了这些产物的靶核相关性问题。通过系统性分析以及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学（IQMD）模型计算，得出了弹核碎裂产物的靶核相关性是源于靶核表面中子与质子分布的不同和平均场及核子核子相互作用的同位旋效应相关。并且，通过计算还指出了靶核中子皮的厚度对于用弹核碎裂方法产生丰中子同位素的重要性。 通过用统计模型拟合后角区出射碎片的电荷分布，指出了这些碎片主要来自于非完全熔合过程中形成的复合系统的统计发射。 实验中观察到30MeV/u 40Ar轰击Ni和In靶在中角区出射的碎片的电荷分布有不同的特征。相对来说，前者更服从power-law，后者则倾向于服从指数规律。结合核态方程和QMD模型计算分析得出，在30MeV/u 的40Ar引起的反应中，对于弾靶质量接近对称的碰撞对所形成的系统，在一定的碰撞条件下可能已进入spinodal区，而非对称碰撞对的碰撞中压缩能还难以使得系统在膨胀时进入力学不稳定区。从而对观察到的实验现象进行了说明，并认为30MeV/u 40Ar轰击与其质量接近的靶核的反应中出射的碎片中已有相当数量的动力学发射成分的贡献。 利用实验中在前角区出射的接近束流速度的碎片的同位素产额提取了类弹源的温度参数。观察到直接由实验同位素产额比得到的表观核温度与所选择的同位素组合有较强烈的依赖关系，而与靶核和实验室探测角基本无关。利用M.B.Tsang等人给出的修正方法，提取了经边馈效应修正后的发射源温度。得到该温度值与反应靶、探测角以及用于提出温度的同位素组合没有明显的依赖关系，均为～4MeV。并用abrasion-ablation模型计算进行了讨论，得到在假定能级密度参数的倒数k=10MeV时，该温度值与abrasion-ablation模型计算是一致的。