ACCRETION MECHANISMS ONTO PRIMORDIAL BLACK HOLES

We study the evolution of a primordial black hole (PBH) taking into account the presence of dark energy modeled by a general perfect fluid. In the specific case of a stationary non-self-gravitating test fluid, the competition between radiation accretion, Hawking evaporation and the accretion of such a fluid has been studied in detail. The evaporation of PBHs is quite modified at late times by these effects. We address further generalizations of this scenario to consider other types of fluids, and point out early developments of a nonstationary accretion model.

Os parâmetros curriculares nacionais na produção da diferença racial

O texto propõe uma análise sobre o modo como é descrita a temática racial nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs), bem como examinar como esses discursos subjetivam professores e alunos. Para esta análise, vou me deter nos PCNs de 1ª a 4ª série, enquanto documentos norteadores da educação nacional. A escolha das temáticas e a forma como estas são abordadas no documento constituem um campo fértil de produção e disseminação de conceitos. Problematizo como a questão racial é constituída no e pelo discurso dos PCNs, assim como os efeitos que esse discurso produz, entre os quais a sustentação do "mito da democracia racial". Detenho-me no exame dos volumes da Introdução, da Apresentação dos Temas Transversais e Ética, das áreas de História e Geografia e dos Temas Transversais de Pluralidade Cultural e Orientação Sexual. Uso alguns conceitos-chave do arsenal foucaultiano, os quais me possibilitam um pensar diferente a analítica da questão racial.

Equações de Predição das Exigências de Proteína Bruta para Matrizes Pesadas em Crescimento

The objective of this work was to determine the crude protein requirements for broiler breeder pullets, using the factorial method. The protein requirements for maintenance were obtained by comparative slaughter technique and also by nitrogen balance technique, as usual. In the case of comparative slaughter technique we have examined the nitrogen retained as function of different nitrogen intake levels (ad libitum, 54, 24 and 19% of the ad libitum). For the nitrogen balance technique it has been investigated the nitrogen balance as function of nitrogen intake, at different protein levels (16, 10 6 and 3% CP). The results obtained were 3.77 and 2.02 CP/kg(0.75)/day for comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance techniques, respectively. The protein requirements for weight gain were achieved by weekly following the nitrogen level in the body, during the period from 3 to 20 weeks of age. The results were 350, 406 and 463 mg of CP/g of gain in the phases of 3 to 8, 9 to 14 and 15 to 20 weeks, respectively.

Alternative treatment for Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea : Dactylogyridae) infection in cultivated pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes : Characidae) in Brazil and its haematological effects

The present work, studied the effect of 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg of garlic powder/kg dry ration for Piaractus mesopotamicus (Osteichthyes Characidae), weighting 73.6+/-39.4 9 and measuring 15.0+/-2.7 cm, fed for a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. Fifteen days after treatment with 1,000 and 2,000 Prig of garlic/kg dry ration, significant reduction of Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) in the gills was related. Nevertheless, the addition of garlic to the ration caused significant increase in the erythrocyte number and in the thrombocyte percentage in the circulating blood. However, a decrease in the lymphocyte percentage was also observed. After 45 days, fish fed with garlic showed significant increase in the erythrocyte number, leucocyte, haemoglobin rate, hematocrit and thrombocyte.

Survey on Chlamydophila psittaci in captive ramphastids in São Paulo State, Brazil

Chlamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci) has been detected in 460 avian species, among them the most frequent are the Psittaciformes, Columbiformes, Anseriformes and raptors. In Brazil, the main avian species recognized as healthy carriers belong to the order Psittaciformes and Columbiformes, but very few studies have been done in other bird families. Reports of the occurrence of this disease in the clinical form are rare in the Ramphastids; consequently, they are not commonly evaluated for this agent. The present study reports the investigation of C. psittaci in 25 captive ramphastids from a zoological park in São Paulo State, Brazil. Swabs samples from the cloaca were submitted to semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested PCR) for direct detection of the microorganism. Additionally, blood samples obtained from these birds were submitted to the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) for detection of antibodies anti-C. psittaci. The presence of C. psittaci was not detected in the cloacal swab samples tested by the PCR. Nevertheless, 16% (4/25) of the bird's sera were positive by the CFT. Among the species with positive results, there are the saffron toucanet (Pteroglossus bailloni) and black-necked-aracari (Pteroglossus aracari), two species with no descriptions of the survey of C. psittaci published in the literature. Intermittent elimination of C. psittaci is a feature of chronically infected birds; however the absence of a positive-antigen sample did not guarantee that the bird is Chlamydophila-free. The serological results obtained show that the ramphastids tested were previously exposed to the pathogen and developed immune response, but showed no clinical signs of the disease and didn't eliminate regularly the organism in their feces in the moment of the sample collection.

Método de colheita e superação de dormência na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Cassia ferruginea

The harvesting method of fruits of tree species should be adequate to obtain seeds of maximum physiological quality. When present, the dormancy of Cassia ferruginea seeds is due to seed coat impermeability to water. This research work viewed to find the best methods both for the harvesting and for the breaking of dormancy of seeds of that species. The experiment was conducted during two years. In the first, fruits shed from the mother plant and laying on the ground were picked and their seeds submitted to the following treatments: 1. control, 2. mechanical scarification of the seeds with sandpaper no. 220, 3. hot water for 5 minutes (initial and final temperatures of 82 and 69 degrees C, respectively), 4. hot water for 15 minutes (initial and final temperatures of 82 and 51 degrees C, respectively), 5. chemical scarification with H2SO4 (95%) for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 minutes. In the second year, seeds were submitted to treatments 2, 3, and 4 whereas acid scarification was applied for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The results showed that seeds picked from the ground and those taken directly from the mother plant differ in their response to the dormancy breaking procedure. The results also showed that the seeds picked from the ground are better than those harvested directly from the plant and that, when dormant, the best results are attained when seeds are either submitted to mechanical scarification or chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for periods between 30 and 60 minutes.

Biomphalaria tenagophila: genetic variability within intermediate snail hosts susceptible and resistant to Schistosoma mansoni infection

DNA analysis by molecular techniques has significantly expanded the perspectives of the study and understanding of genetic variability in molluscs that ere vectors of schistosomiasis. In tire present study, the genetic variability of susceptible and resistant B. tenagophila strains to S. mansoni infection was investigated using amplification of their genomic DNA by RAPD-PCR. The products were analyzed by PAGE and stained with silver. The results showed pdymorphism between tested strains with four different primers. We found two bonds of 1,900 and 3,420 bp that were characteristic of the susceptible strains with primer 2. The primers 9 end 10 identified a single polymorphic bond that was also characteristic of (3,136 and 5,041 bp, respectively) susceptible snails. Two polymorphic bonds were detected by primer 15: one with 1 800 bp was characteristic of the resistant strain and the other with 1,700 do in the susceptible one. These results provide additional evidence showing that the RAPD-PCR technique is adequate for the study of polymorphisms in intermediate hosts snails of S. mansoni. The obtained results are expected to expend the knowledge about the genetic variability of the snails and to permit the future identification of genomic sequences specifically related to the resistance/susceptibility of Biompholario to the larval forms of S. mansoni.

Anoftalmia clínica bilateral associada à hidrocefalia congênita em cão

A ausência completa do bulbo ocular é muito rara em cães e gatos, enquanto a hidrocefalia é comumente observada como distúrbio congênito em cães de raças miniatura ou braquicefálicas, com menos de um ano de idade. O presente trabalho relata a ocorrência de anoftalmia clínica bilateral associada à hidrocefalia congênita em um cão da raça poodle, sendo este o primeiro relato de caso da associação dessas alterações no Brasil.

Functional aspects of floral nectar secretion of Ananas ananassoides, an ornithophilous bromeliad from the Brazilian savanna

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

HOW CAN ONE PROBE PODOLSKY ELECTRODYNAMICS?

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Determination of caffeic acid in red wine by voltammetric method

The electrochemical oxidation of 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid, leads to a stable electroactive poly(caffeic acid) thin film containing quinone moiety on a preactivated glassy polymeric carbon electrode. The properties of the deposited films as well as the stability study under different experimental conditions were investigated. Taking advantage of the electrochemical behavior, an analytical method based on differential pulse voltammetry for determination of caffeic acid in red wine was proposed.