A gestão da qualidade no ensino superior: Percursos e recursos

Este artigo condensa um conjunto de reflexões baseadas em factos relacionados com a gestão da qualidade nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). São identificados factores internos e externos favoráveis à melhoria da qualidade dos serviços prestados por estas organizações, bem como algumas das barreiras que se lhe opõem. Relativamente às abordagens da qualidade, nestas organizações são consideradas: de um lado as que resultam da Supervisão do Estado e do outro as que estão associadas a sistemas de natureza voluntária, designadas aqui por Abordagem Qualidade, em que sobressai a Certificação baseada na norma ISO 9001 e os sistemas de Gestão pela Qualidade Total (GQT) também designados de Excelência Organizacional. São identificadas algumas das insuficiências dos modelos assentes na Supervisão do Estado e defendida a importância de atender ao conjunto de “boas práticas” já existentes, ao invés de abordagens que tratam desta problemática numa perspectiva ab initio, sem contemplar o conhecimento acumulado neste domínio da gestão das organizações.

A supervisão em contexto da reforma educativa angolana : um estudo da prática seminários e estágios pedagógicos dos estagiários na Escola de Formação de Professores de Benguela

O propósito do presente estudo de investigação visa compreender o papel do supervisor pedagógico no desempenho e desenvolvimento das competências pedagógicas dos professores em estágio na Formação Inicial de Professores no contexto das modificações implementadas pela reforma educativa. A sua elaboração surge no sentido da constatação, reflexão e compreensão, dos desfasamentos que se encontram entre as teorias propostas e os processos praticados num ambiente de adaptação às mudanças operadas no papel do supervisor e professores supervisionados. Este é um projecto de investigação avaliativa cujo aporte presta-se ao saber e avaliar e não resolver o problema. O estudo é de carácter descritivo e foi realizado, na escola de formação de professores de Benguela – IEFPB – com os professores acompanhantes e professores orientados em estágio no ano lectivo 2015. Optamos predominantemente por uma metodologia quantitativa por meio da aplicação de questionário por inquérito aos professores/supervisores e aos professores/supervisionados e para complementar usamos o método qualitativo por meio da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas dirigidas ao director pedagógico e ao coordenador das práticas pedagógicas. No que tange à ortografia deste trabalho, optamos por não usar o novo acordo ortográfico da língua portuguesa, por não estar em vigor em Angola pelo que usamos ortografia antiga em português europeu.

O trabalho científico em ambiente de aprendizagem cooperativa no 5º ano de escolaridade: análise do ensino e da aprendizagem

Dissertação de mest., Unidade de Ciências Exactas e Humanas, Escola Superior de Educação, Univ. do Algarve, 1998

Prática de ensino supervisionada em Pré-escolar e em 1.º ciclo do ensino básico: organização de ambientes educativos promotores da educação em ciências naturais

O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito Prática de Ensino Supervisionada em Pré-Escolar e em 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico dá a conhecer os processos de aprendizagem imanentes à prática desenvolvida em contexto. Em Educação Pré- Escolar elaborei um memorial de formação que permitiu refletir sobre as experiências vividas no estágio, possibilitando a aquisição de conhecimentos e aprendizagens profissionais. No 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico o estágio também assumiu uma perspetiva reflexiva que me permitiu aprender a profissão, mas a dinâmica do trabalho com as crianças possibilitou, igualmente, a realização de um projeto alinhado com a investigação-ação. Os contextos foram diferenciados pela sua especificidade, quer pela situação geográfica e cultural das instituições, quer pelo nível de ensino em que se desenvolveram. A prática educativa em 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico ocorreu na escola EB/JI Galopim de Carvalho em Évora, já a prática em Pré-Escolar ocorreu no Núcleo de Educação Infantil Colônia Z-11, na cidade de Florianópolis no Brasil. No que respeita à dimensão investigativa, dediquei especial atenção à “Organização de Ambientes Educativos Promotores da Educação em Ciências Naturais”, com vista a compreender como é que aprender ciências pode contribuir para a literacia científica das crianças tendo em vista o exercício de uma cidadania informada. Para tal as crianças envolveram-se ativamente no processo de construção do seu próprio conhecimento. Recorri a autores que me deram contributos para conceber, planear e fundamentar as práticas, quer do ponto de vista pedagógico quer do ponto de vista dos conteúdos curriculares. Para a recolha e tratamento da informação, atendi aos contextos onde o trabalho se realizou, bem como às observações dos diversos intervenientes na supervisão dos estágios, a planificações e reflexões semanais que fui elaborando e me permitiram concretizar uma análise imprescindível para as aprendizagens concretizadas e apresentadas no presente Relatório; REPORT OF SUPERVISED TEACHING PRACTICE IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION AND THE 1ST CYCLE OF PRIMARY EDUCATION: ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS PROMOTERS OF EDUCATION IN NATURAL SCIENCES Abstract: The present report, elaborated in the scope of the Practice of Supervised Teaching in Pre-School and in the Primary Education, makes to known the learning processes inherent to the practice developed in context. In Pre-School Education, I created a training memorial that allowed me to reflect on the experiences I had live in the internship, making possible the acquisition of professional’s knowledges and learnings. In Primary School the internship also assumed a reflexive perspective which allowed me to learn the profession, but the dynamic of the work with the children allowed me to, equally, the realization of a project lined up with the action-research. The contexts where differentiated by their specificity, by the institutions geographic location, by the cultural situation and by the learning level where they were developed. The educational practice in Primary School occurred in the school EB/JI Galopim de Carvalho in Évora and the Pre-School practice occurred in Núcleo de Educação Infantil Colônia Z-11, in Brazil in the city of Florianopolis. In the matter of the investigative dimension, I dedicated special attention to the “Organization of Educative Environments Promoters of Natural Sciences Education”, to understand how learning sciences can contribute to scientifically literacy of the children, having in view the exercise of an informed citizenship. For this the children involved actively in the process of building their own knowledge. I resorted to authors who give me contributes to conceive, to plan and to fundament the practices, both from the pedagogical point of view and from the curricular contents point of view. To the collect and treat of data, I attend to the contexts where the work were realized, to the observations of the diverse actors in the internship supervision, to the daily plans and weekly reflections which I had been elaborating and which allowed me to concretize an indispensable analysis to the learnings achieve and presented in the present report.

Semiologia neurológica numa população de escolares da primeira série do ensino fundamental

We evaluated children in the first grade of a elementary school using neurological examination. With no previous knowledgement of their educational performance, were invited all children attending five classes of the first grade of an elementary public school chosen randomly, in Itatiba / Sao Paulo / Brazil, whose parents assigned a Commitment Term for participation in this research. Children who missed three evaluations in different days or whose parents did not assigned the Commitment Term were excluded. The Traditional Neurological Examination (ENT) (Lefevre, 1972) was applied. It was considered for normal the measurement of the skull circumference, proposed by Diament & Rodrigues (1976), and the application of all ENT items. The data were stored in a database of the Epi6 Program (Epidemiologic Information), and analyzed by percentage calculation and by the c2 test. The significance level was 0.05. Children evaluated were 124. The ENT results were normal in 87 (70.16%) and altered in 37 (29.83%). Among the alterations, there were observed: light tremor, light muscular hypotonia, speech acquisition delay, macrocephaly, microcephaly, hyperactivity, cranial nerve syndrome, central facial paralysis. One child presented corticospinal tract impairment syndrome of the distal lower extremities.

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento

This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a model that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explicit

Diagnóstico da Educação Ambiental no ensino de Geografia: Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí hidrographic basins

The goals of this study are to identify the potencialities avaiable in elementary public schools for the development of an educational process wich includes environmental issues helpping to find its integration with university in order to contribuite raises teaching levels for a better comprehension of regional environmental problems. Research data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with geography teachers analyising theirs activities and perspectives on the environmental crisis and environmental education. The study also offers sugestions for the devellopment of interdisciplinaires programs trying to contibute for the construction of citizenship showing the importance of better comprehension from environmental problems which includes physical, economics, social, political and cultural aspects.

Reflexão sobre alguns desafios do ensino médio no Brasil hoje

The purpose of this article is to develop some ideas that may contribute to the debate about the secondary education in Brazil, giving emphasis to the conditions existing in the educational institutions, the ongoing educational policies and the challenges posed by the social, economic and political reality of the country. It is also discussed the political, social and economic importance of the expansion and the compulsory character of secondary education as well as the school's culture dimension, in its relationship to the so-called knowledge society. Finally, the role of secondary education for the youth and the new demands it poses for teachers are presented, among some others aspects.

Governamentalidade democrática e ensino de Filosofia no Brasil contemporâneo

This article takes the concepts of biopower and governmentality as the starting point for an analysis of certain recent Brazilian government documents about the introduction of Philosophy as a subject in secondary school. In the 1980s, this argument centered on Philosophy's so-called criticism and its potential for preparing citizens for a democratic society, was used by the movements aimed to restore democracy in Brazil. This argument appears to have been assimilated by the Brazilian government, because it is stated in the Guidelines and Bases of Education Law, secondary school students should demonstrate knowledge of philosophy necessary for the exercise of citizenship. The argument also appears in documents such as the PCN and PCN+ (National Curricular Parameters) and OCEM (Curriculum Guidelines for Secondary School) in their chapters on Philosophy. These documents are examined here in the light of governmentality, making explicit how Philosophy is equipped to train young people according to what is understood as a modern democratic society.

A importância da Química Analítica Qualitativa nos cursos de Química das instituições de ensino superior brasileiras

The results of a survey of institutions offering undergraduate studies, with the objective of evaluating the importance of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry for Chemistry courses in Brazil, are presented and discussed. Judging by the data, the content of the course of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry is considered by the Brazilian institutions offering undergraduate studies to be a body of knowledge essential for the formation of the chemist. This aspect is deemed valid for both baccalaureate and teaching license studies.

Preparação de nanopartículas de prata e ouro: um método simples para a introdução da nanociência em laboratório de ensino

A new practical experiment involving silver and gold nanoparticle syntheses was introduced in an inorganic chemistry laboratory course for undergraduate students at the Institute of Chemistry, UNICAMP. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the reduction of silver nitrate and tetrachloroauric acid with sodium borohydride and sodium citrate in an aqueous medium. Stabilities of the suspensions were tested using several different reactants including sodium chloride, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and cistamine. Changes in optical properties were observed by electronic spectra and also by transmission electronic microscopy, which also yielded data for estimating particle size.

Análise de custo-efetividade de métodos preventivos para superfície oclusal de acordo com o risco de cárie: resultados de um ensaio clínico controlado

This study presents the results of a cost-effectiveness analysis in a controlled clinical trial on the effectiveness of a modified glass ionomer resin sealant ( Vitremer, 3M ESPE) and the application of fluoride varnish (Duraphat, Colgate) on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in children 6-8 years of age (N = 268), according to caries risk (high versus low). Children were examined semiannually by the same calibrated dentist for 24 months after allocation in six groups: high and low risk controls (oral health education every three months); high and low risk with varnish (oral health education every three months + varnish biannually); and high and low risk with sealant (oral health education every three months + a single application of sealant). Economic analysis showed that sealing permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren showed a C/E ratio of US$ 119.80 per saved occlusal surface and an incremental C/E ratio of US$ 108.36 per additional saved occlusal surface. The study concluded that sealing permanent first molars of high-risk schoolchildren was the most cost-effective intervention.

A construção de uma escala de estratégias de aprendizagem para alunos do ensino fundamental

Although learning strategies are important tools for schooling process, there is a lack of national instruments to evaluate their knowledge by brazilian students. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to describe the steps necessary for the construction of a scale to evaluate the learning strategies for basic education students and to present the preliminary study of its psychometric properties. It is also discussed the utility of this instrument for diagnosis, intervention and prevention in school and educational psychology.

O ensino de línguas para crianças no contexto educacional brasileiro: breves reflexões e possíveis provisões

This article aims at discussing about the foreign language teaching to young learners, taking the principles of the Sociocultural Theory (Vygotksy, 1978) and of the Communicative Approach (Almeida Filho, 1993, 2005) related to Primary English teaching (Cameron, 2001; Brewster, Ellis & Girard, 2002) as a theoretical references. Considerations about the importance of language learning in childhood will be made, as well as about the role of the grammar, oral language and mother tongue in the process. Likewise, the importance of Teacher Education will be briefly approached. This work is ended with the discussion about some possible procedures in the language teaching processes followed by a brief presentation of possible guidelines based on the bakhtinian notion of discourse genres.

Ensino de Gramáticas: descrição e uso

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