Evasão na educação profissional : estudo de caso de estudantes com necessidades específicas no Campus Taguatinga do Instituto Federal de Brasília

Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de mestre do Mestrado em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém

The Arts in Basic Curriculum Project : Looking at the Past and Preparing for the Future

The primary findings of this evaluation are (1) that the ABC Project has built and supported a strong network that measurably strengthens arts education, and (2) for the reform to continue, there must be new initiatives. The Project has made a significant first step toward providing quality opportunities for all children in South Carolina, but the gap between the current state of arts education and the stated goal of the Project is very wide. Therefore, these new initiatives must be bold, innovative, strongly funded, and backed with the energies and passions of those in the core arts education network. The basic recommendation that subsumes all the specific recommendations in this report is to develop a data-informed strategic plan for arts education, then determine funding priorities based on this plan.

Una nueva mirada a la formación docente como camino hacia equidad de género

Recibido 01 de noviembre de 2010 • Aceptado 09 de marzo de 2011 • Corregido 24 de abril de 2011   El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a la reflexión sobre el tema de las relaciones asimétricas entre los hombres y las mujeres, las cuales representan una desventaja en especial para las mujeres. Lo anterior representa una realidad histórica que se vive en todos los contextos sociales, y la institución educativa no escapa a esta situación. Las relaciones de desigualdad e inequidad han venido a permear los roles asignados socialmente en razón de la identidad sexual, y en los cuales las mujeres se ven discriminadas en la igualdad de oportunidades para su pleno desarrollo como ser humano.Resulta importante reconocer las luchas que se han venido dando para acabar con esta desigualad y discriminación; pero todavía quedan muchas tareas pendientes. Es justamente la educación un camino que puede conducir a la senda donde hombres y mujeres gocen de los mismos derechos y deberes, no sólo en el papel, sino que esas políticas se concreten en la vida cotidiana. De ahí que la formación de las futuras educadoras y educadores, requiere de una nueva mirada en el diseño e implementación de los planes de estudios, los cuales incorporen, de manera explícita y profunda, la categoría analítica de género, para promover, desde el preescolar hasta el nivel universitario, cambios en las prácticas sexistas.

¡Mamá, que pereza ir al cole…!

Recibido 15 de marzo de 2012 • Corregido 17 de setiembre de 2012 • Aceptado 07 de noviembre de 2012Este artículo, presentado en forma de ensayo, propone en su temática un acercamiento a la realidad que se vive en el sistema educativo a nivel de secundaria; visualiza algunas debilidades en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, con el objetivo de analizar el rumbo que se pretende dar a la educación costarricense. El planteamiento conceptual se elabora a través de preguntas generadoras, mediante las cuales se repasa la situación actual de los centros de enseñanza, el rumbo por el cual se está llevando a cabo el proceso, la imperante búsqueda de equidad e inclusión en educación, así como la exposición de algunas propuestas para el mejoramiento. Se concluye con una reflexión sobre la necesidad de cambiar el modelo educativo tradicional por un modelo educativo transformador, para la emancipación y liberación de los seres humanos que participan en este proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje.

L'inclusione lavorativa tra accesso e partecipazione

La Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui Diritti delle Persone con Disabilità (UNCRPD) riconosce il diritto di tutte le persone al lavoro “gli Stati Parti adottano misure adeguate a garantire alle persone con disabilità, su base di uguaglianza con gli altri, l’accesso all’ambiente fisico, ai trasporti, all’informazione e alla comunicazione, compresi i sistemi e le tecnologie di informazione e comunicazione e ad altre attrezzature e servizi aperti o forniti al pubblico”(United Nation 2016 p.14). Nonostante i progressi (in ambito politico culturale) che si stanno compiendo in ambito internazionale in termini di pari opportunità e di inclusione, le persone in situazione di disabilità continuano a incontrare barriere che limitano la loro partecipazione attiva al mondo del lavoro. A partire da questo scenario, la ricerca si propone di indagare i bisogni (es. di accoglienza, di accesso al contesto fisico e digitale, di partecipazione nella vita dell’azienda ecc.) delle persone con disabilità e di sviluppare una applicazione digitale (web app), rivolta alle imprese, finalizzata a monitorare e a promuovere l'inclusione lavorativa. Ripercorrendo il modello di progettazione del design thinking e valorizzando un processo di ricerca basato su metodi misti (qualitativi e qualitativi) è stato ideato Job inclusion for all; un ambiente digitale fondato sull’adattamento di due strumenti di “metariflessione”: l’Index for inclusion job version e l’employment role mapping. Lo strumento digitale prototipato è stato testato e validato, durante l’ultimo anno di ricerca, da parte di una equipe multidisciplinare internazionale; tale processo ha consentito di raccogliere feedback (rispetto alla rilevanza e alla chiarezza degli item, rispetto ai punti di forza e di debolezza) che hanno consentito di migliorare e implementare la versione finale del prototipo di web app.

Healthcare providers balancing norms and practice : challenges and opportunities in providing contraceptive counselling to young people in Uganda - a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: Pregnancies among young women force girls to compromise education, resulting in low educational attainment with subsequent poverty and vulnerability. A pronounced focus is needed on contraceptive use, pregnancy, and unsafe abortion among young women. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore healthcare providers' (HCPs) perceptions and practices regarding contraceptive counselling to young people. DESIGN: We conducted 27 in-depth interviews with doctors and midwives working in seven health facilities in central Uganda. Interviews were open-ended and allowed the participant to speak freely on certain topics. We used a topic guide to cover areas topics of interest focusing on post-abortion care (PAC) but also covering contraceptive counselling. Transcripts were transcribed verbatim and data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The main theme, HCPs' ambivalence to providing contraceptive counselling to sexually active young people is based on two sub-themes describing the challenges of contraceptive counselling: A) HCPs echo the societal norms regarding sexual practice among young people, while at the same time our findings B) highlights the opportunities resulting from providers pragmatic approach to contraceptive counselling to young women. Providers expressed a self-identified lack of skill, limited resources, and inadequate support from the health system to successfully provide appropriate services to young people. They felt frustrated with the consultations, especially when meeting young women seeking PAC. CONCLUSIONS: Despite existing policies for young people's sexual and reproductive health in Uganda, HCPs are not sufficiently equipped to provide adequate contraceptive counselling to young people. Instead, HCPs are left in between the negative influence of social norms and their pragmatic approach to address the needs of young people, especially those seeking PAC. We argue that a clear policy supported by a clear strategy with practical guidelines should be implemented alongside in-service training including value clarification and attitude transformation to equip providers to be able to better cater to young people seeking sexual and reproductive health advice.

Affirmative action : equal employment opportunities.

Title from cover.

Impact on perinatal mortality of missed opportunities to treat maternal syphilis in rural South Africa: baseline results from a clinic randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the impact on perinatal mortality of inadequate treatment for maternal syphilis despite adequate screening. METHOD In 12 clinics providing antenatal care in Hlabisa, South Africa 1783 pregnant women were screened for syphilis at their first antenatal visit between June and October 1998. Pregnancy outcome was determined among those with syphilis. RESULTS A total of 158 women were diagnosed with syphilis: prevalence 9% (95% CI 8-10%). Mean gestation at first antenatal visit was 24 weeks. Thirty women (19%) received no treatment and 96 (61%) received all three recommended doses of penicillin. Among those receiving at least one dose, mean delay to the first dose was 20 days. Among those fully treated mean delay to treatment completion was 34 days. Pregnancy outcome was known for 142 women (90%) and there were 17 perinatal deaths among 15 women (11%). Eleven of 43 women (26%) who received one or fewer doses of penicillin experienced ii perinatal death whilst only four of 99 women (4%) who received two or more doses of penicillin did so (P = 0.0001). Protection from perinatal death increased with the number of doses of penicillin: linear modelling suggests that one dose reduced the risk by 41%, two doses by 65% and three doses by 79%, compared with no doses. A dose-specific, categorical model confirmed reduction in risk by 79% for all three doses. CONCLUSION Despite effective screening, many pregnant women with syphilis remain inadequately treated, resulting in avoidable perinatal mortality. Delays in starting and finishing treatment, as well as incomplete treatment occur. Near-patient syphilis testing in the antenatal clinic with early treatment could improve treatment of syphilis and reduce perinatal mortality, and a randomized trial to test this is underway.

Bits, Atoms, and Information Sharing: new opportunities for participation

The particular characteristics and affordances of technologies play a significant role in human experience by defining the realm of possibilities available to individuals and societies. Some technological configurations, such as the Internet, facilitate peer-to-peer communication and participatory behaviors. Others, like television broadcasting, tend to encourage centralization of creative processes and unidirectional communication. In other instances still, the affordances of technologies can be further constrained by social practices. That is the case, for example, of radio which, although technically allowing peer-to-peer communication, has effectively been converted into a broadcast medium through the legislation of the airwaves. How technologies acquire particular properties, meanings and uses, and who is involved in those decisions are the broader questions explored here. Although a long line of thought maintains that technologies evolve according to the logic of scientific rationality, recent studies demonstrated that technologies are, in fact, primarily shaped by social forces in specific historical contexts. In this view, adopted here, there is no one best way to design a technological artifact or system; the selection between alternative designs—which determine the affordances of each technology—is made by social actors according to their particular values, assumptions and goals. Thus, the arrangement of technical elements in any technological artifact is configured to conform to the views and interests of those involved in its development. Understanding how technologies assume particular shapes, who is involved in these decisions and how, in turn, they propitiate particular behaviors and modes of organization but not others, requires understanding the contexts in which they are developed. It is argued here that, throughout the last century, two distinct approaches to the development and dissemination of technologies have coexisted. In each of these models, based on fundamentally different ethoi, technologies are developed through different processes and by different participants—and therefore tend to assume different shapes and offer different possibilities. In the first of these approaches, the dominant model in Western societies, technologies are typically developed by firms, manufactured in large factories, and subsequently disseminated to the rest of the population for consumption. In this centralized model, the role of users is limited to selecting from the alternatives presented by professional producers. Thus, according to this approach, the technologies that are now so deeply woven into human experience, are primarily shaped by a relatively small number of producers. In recent years, however, a group of three interconnected interest groups—the makers, hackerspaces, and open source hardware communities—have increasingly challenged this dominant model by enacting an alternative approach in which technologies are both individually transformed and collectively shaped. Through a in-depth analysis of these phenomena, their practices and ethos, it is argued here that the distributed approach practiced by these communities offers a practical path towards a democratization of the technosphere by: 1) demystifying technologies, 2) providing the public with the tools and knowledge necessary to understand and shape technologies, and 3) encouraging citizen participation in the development of technologies.

Nestle's dynamic forecasting process: Anticipating risks and opportunities

Nestlé’s Dynamic Forecasting Process: Anticipating Risks and Opportunities This Work Project discusses the Nestlé’s Dynamic Forecasting Process, implemented within the organization as a way of reengineering its performance management concept and processes, so as to make it more flexible and capable to react to volatile business conditions. When stressing the importance of demand planning to reallocate resources and enhance performance, Nescafé Dolce Gusto comes as way of seeking improvements on this forecasts’ accuracy and it is thus, by providing a more accurate model on its capsules’ sales, as well as recommending adequate implementations that positively contribute to the referred Planning Process, that value is brought to the Project

Business opportunities in power sector of Ukraine : focus small-scale hydro and wind power sectors

In the last few years, the Ukrainian investment market has constantly shown strong performance and significant growth. This is primarily due to the investment attractiveness of Ukraine. From the perspective of investments in energy sector, Ukraine can be described as a country providing significant number of opportunities to multiply invested funds. But there are numbers of risks which hamper large investments. The work objective was to discover opportunities in small-scale hydropower and wind power sectors of Ukraine and more importantly to prove economic expediency of such investments. Thesis covers major of issues, concerning entering the Ukrainian power market as a foreign investor. It provides basic information about the structure of power market, the state of renewables sector in Ukraine, development of power sector in the regions, functioning of Wholesale Electricity Market, formation of electricity prices, possibilities for implementing joint Implementation mechanism, while the most attention, nevertheless, is concentrated on the opportunities in small-scale hydro and wind power sectors. Theoretical part of the study disclosed that Crimea peninsula has perfect wind conditions and could be a prospective area for wind project development. Investment analysis revealed that project profits will be excellent if green tariff for renewable energy is adopted. By the moment uncertainties about green law adoption bring additional risk to the projects and complicate any investment decision.

Platform as a Service - new opportunities for software development companies

Today cloud computing is the next stage in development information-oriented society in field of information technologies. Great attention is paid to cloud computing in general, but the lack of scientific consideration to components brings to the problem, that not all aspects are well examined. This thesis is an attempt to consider Platform as a Service (a technology of providing development environment through the Internet) from divergent angles. Technical characteristics, costs, time, estimation of effectiveness, risks, strategies that can be applied, migration process, advantages and disadvantages and the future of the approach are examined to get the overall picture of cloud platforms. During the work literature study was used to examine Platform as a Service, characteristics of existent cloud platforms were explored and a model of a typical software development company was developed to create a scenario of migration to cloud technologies. The research showed that besides all virtues in reducing costs and time, cloud platforms have some significant obstacles in adoption. Privacy, security and insufficient legislation impede the concept to be widespread.

Kommunikaatio-operaattorin taloudellisesti kannattava liiketoimintamalli tasapuolisen pääsyn FTTH-verkkoihin

FTTH-liityntäverkkoja voivat rakennuttaa ja omistaa perinteisten teleoperaattoreiden lisäksi myös muut toimijat, kuten sähköyhtiöt, valtion- ja kuntien omistamat yhtiöt ja yksityiset osuuskunnat. Markkinatoimijoiden ja eri teknologioiden keskinäinen kilpailu johtaa kuitenkin helposti pieniin liityntätiheyksiin ja hajanaisiin pieniin verkkoihin. Tämä tekee verkkojen kannattavasta rakentamisesta vaikeaa ja palvelujen toteuttamisesta tehotonta. Tilannetta voidaan parantaa tasapuolisella pääsyllä, joka selkeyttää arvoketjun osapuolten rooleja. Diplomityön tavoitteena oli kuvata kommunikaatio-operaattorin rooli Suomen telemarkkinaan ja rakentaa sille taloudellisesti kannattava liiketoimintamalli toisen osapuolen toteuttamiin tasapuolisen pääsyn FTTH-verkkoihin. Työ toteutettiin hyödyntäen konstruktiivista tutkimusotetta ja sen lopputuloksena syntyi soveltuva liiketoimintamalli. Kommunikaatio-operaattorin kaksipuolisella alustalla yhdistetään valtakunnallisesti toisiinsa palveluntarjoajat ja alueellisiin liityntäverkkoihin liittyneet loppuasiakkaat. Kommunikaatio-operaattorin liiketoimintamalli mahdollistaa kapasiteetin, palvelunlaadun ja toimintavarmuuden suhteen erilaistetut virtuaaliset tukkutuotteet ja sitä kautta mahdollisuuden uuteen ansaintaan.

Social Opportunities and Individual Responsibility: The Capability Approach and the Third Way

The fashionable widespreading of Sen’s ideas coincides with a new mood in the shaping of public policies in affluent societies. In Europe indeed, an “opportunity”-based approach to social security has been implemented through the European Employment Strategy. Public action tends to rely on a procedural concern with individual opportunities or potentialities in the labour market. The underlying ethics is that individuals are then responsible to use these background opportunities in order to lead the kind of life they value most. More broadly, the discourse and practice of the so-called “Third Way” shares with the capability approach an appeal for a procedural and enabling depiction of the role of the State. The paper intends to clarify the relation between procedural and opportunity-based approaches to social justice, among them the capability approach, and these new patterns of public action. Our vision goes in the way of a yet renewed, but deeper action of the welfare state, where social agency is envisaged as the very condition of individual agency. Drawing on the various critics of mainstream equality of opportunity, two opposed approaches to responsibility are identified: on the one hand, responsibility is conceived of as i) a “luck vs. choice” fixed starting point, ii) a backward-looking conception and iii) a highly individualistic framework. On the other hand, responsibility is envisaged as i) an outcome of public policies rather than a starting point, ii) a forward-looking conception, and iii) a combined institutional-individual framework. We situate here Sen’s capability approach, as well as critics of the luck egalitarianism path. The Third Way rhetoric is assessed against both these perspectives. The issue eventually boils down to an ethical reflection on the articulation of responsibilities, and to a pragmatic and substantial concern for the content of what providing security should mean in practice.