Estudo da fibra de coco como reforço em tijolo de solocimento

To take care of to the demand of the new constructions in the low income communities and to develop the production of a strengthened alternative brick with staple fibers of coconut, capable to contribute mainly with the recycling of the green and mature coconut in the urban and agricultural lexes, this research was developed, to confection bricks of soil-cement with coconut fiber. Ecologically correct material and of low cost, since the greenhouse use of or oven for burning will be manufactured without. The study it presents a set of tables and graphs that prove good indices found in the values of the density, water absorption, axial compressive strength and isolation term acoustics, with evidential results that make possible the production in industrial character with press mechanics or the place of the workmanship with manual form. The preparation of coconut staple fibers was made of natural form without use of chemical products not to deprive of characteristics the properties mechanical physicist-chemistries and of the same ones. The sixty bricks produced in simple and manual press had been carried through in four lots of fifteen units. The mixture of aggregates was made in four different traces composites for: ground erinaceous, cement, fiber of dry coconut and water; the bricks had been compact in the press and cured in natural way under an area covered during the minimum time of seven days

Desenvolvimento de têxteis técnicos para reforço de compósitos poliméricos

Materials denominated technical textiles can be defined as structures designed and developed with function to fulfill specific functional requirements of various industrial sectors as are the cases of the automotive and aerospace industries. In this aspect the technical textiles are distinguished from conventional textile materials, in which the aesthetic and of comfort needs are of primordial importance. Based on these considerations, the subject of this dissertation was established having as its main focus the study of development of textile structures from aramid and glass fibers and acting in order to develop the manufacture of composite materials that combine properties of two different structures, manufactured in an identical operation, where each structure contributes to improving the properties of the resulting composite material. Therefore were created in laboratory scale, textile structures with low weight and different composition: aramid (100%), glass (100%) and aramid /glass (65/35%), in order to use them as a reinforcing element in composite materials with polyester matrix. These composites were tested in tension and its fracture surface, evaluated by MEV. Based on the analysis of mechanical properties of the developed composites, the efficiency of the structures prepared as reinforcing element were testified by reason of that the resistance values of the composites are far superior to the polyester matrix. It was also observed that hybridization in tissue structure was efficient, since the best results obtained were for hybrid composites, where strength to the rupture was similar to the steel 1020, reaching values on the order of 340 MPa

Propagação vegetativa de plantas de pariparoba [Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq.] em diferentes substratos e número de nós das estacas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo Comparativo de gráaficos de probabilidade normal para Anáalise de experimentos fatoriais não replicados

Two-level factorial designs are widely used in industrial experimentation. However, many factors in such a design require a large number of runs to perform the experiment, and too many replications of the treatments may not be feasible, considering limitations of resources and of time, making it expensive. In these cases, unreplicated designs are used. But, with only one replicate, there is no internal estimate of experimental error to make judgments about the significance of the observed efects. One of the possible solutions for this problem is to use normal plots or half-normal plots of the efects. Many experimenters use the normal plot, while others prefer the half-normal plot and, often, for both cases, without justification. The controversy about the use of these two graphical techniques motivates this work, once there is no register of formal procedure or statistical test that indicates \which one is best". The choice between the two plots seems to be a subjective issue. The central objective of this master's thesis is, then, to perform an experimental comparative study of the normal plot and half-normal plot in the context of the analysis of the 2k unreplicated factorial experiments. This study involves the construction of simulated scenarios, in which the graphics performance to detect significant efects and to identify outliers is evaluated in order to verify the following questions: Can be a plot better than other? In which situations? What kind of information does a plot increase to the analysis of the experiment that might complement those provided by the other plot? What are the restrictions on the use of graphics? Herewith, this work intends to confront these two techniques; to examine them simultaneously in order to identify similarities, diferences or relationships that contribute to the construction of a theoretical reference to justify or to aid in the experimenter's decision about which of the two graphical techniques to use and the reason for this use. The simulation results show that the half-normal plot is better to assist in the judgement of the efects, while the normal plot is recommended to detect outliers in the data

Testes de hipóteses em modelos de sobrevivência com Fração de cura

Survival models deals with the modeling of time to event data. However in some situations part of the population may be no longer subject to the event. Models that take this fact into account are called cure rate models. There are few studies about hypothesis tests in cure rate models. Recently a new test statistic, the gradient statistic, has been proposed. It shares the same asymptotic properties with the classic large sample tests, the likelihood ratio, score and Wald tests. Some simulation studies have been carried out to explore the behavior of the gradient statistic in fi nite samples and compare it with the classic statistics in diff erent models. The main objective of this work is to study and compare the performance of gradient test and likelihood ratio test in cure rate models. We first describe the models and present the main asymptotic properties of the tests. We perform a simulation study based on the promotion time model with Weibull distribution to assess the performance of the tests in finite samples. An application is presented to illustrate the studied concepts

Modelo de risco controlado por resseguro e desigualdades para a probabilidade de ruína

In the work reported here we present theoretical and numerical results about a Risk Model with Interest Rate and Proportional Reinsurance based on the article Inequalities for the ruin probability in a controlled discrete-time risk process by Ros ario Romera and Maikol Diasparra (see [5]). Recursive and integral equations as well as upper bounds for the Ruin Probability are given considering three di erent approaches, namely, classical Lundberg inequality, Inductive approach and Martingale approach. Density estimation techniques (non-parametrics) are used to derive upper bounds for the Ruin Probability and the algorithms used in the simulation are presented

Probabilidade no ensino médio

This thesis aims to show teachers and students in teaching and learning in a study of Probability High School, a subject that sharpens the perception and understanding of the phenomea of the random nature that surrounds us. The same aims do with people who are involved in this process understand basic ideas of probability and, when necessary, apply them in the real world. We seek to draw a matched between intuition and rigor and hope therebyto contribute to the work of the teacher in the classroom and the learning process of students, consolidating, deepening and expaning what they have learned in previous contents

HIDROLISADO DE FÉCULA DE MANDIOCA COMO ADJUNTO DE MALTE NA FABRICAÇÃO DE CERVEJA: AVALIAÇÃO QUÍMICA E SENSORIAL

Em virtude da progressiva substituição dos adjuntos amiláceos pelos xaropes com alta concentração de maltose nas cervejarias brasileiras, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo comparar hidrolisados de milho e de mandioca, como adjunto de malte, na fabricação de cerveja tipo Pilsen, em escala de laboratório. Os hidrolisados foram produzidos a partir de amido de milho e fécula de mandioca, sendo que na liqüefação e sacarificação da fração amilácea destes produtos foram utilizadas, respectivamente, as enzimas comerciais Termamil (alfa amilase bacteriana) e Fungamil (alfa amilase fúngica). Na fabricação das cervejas, a proporção de malte e hidrolisado foi de 2 para 1, na base do extrato. O mosto foi produzido pelo processo de infusão e após resfriamento e clarificação foi inoculado com levedura cervejeira de baixa fermentação. A fermentação transcorreu a 10 °C até 90% de atenuação do extrato aparente fermentável. As cervejas foram engarrafadas e, em seguida, maturadas a 0 °C, por 14 dias. Terminado o processo de fabricação, as cervejas foram analisadas química e sensorialmente. A semelhança na composição química dos hidrolisados de milho e de mandioca refletiu na composição química dos mostos e das cervejas. Não houve diferença estatística entre os mostos e entre as cervejas testadas para todos os parâmetros químicos analisados. Também, não existiu diferença sensorial entre as cervejas produzidas com hidrolisado de milho e hidrolisado de mandioca. Concluiu-se que a fécula de mandioca apresenta potencial de uso como matéria prima para a fabricação de xarope de maltose de uso cervejeiro e que há elevada probabilidade de sucesso no uso desse xarope para a fabricação de cervejas.

Estimativa da probabilidade do evento extremo de precipitação de janeiro de 2000 no Vale do Paraíba, baseada na distribuição generalizada de pareto

Um evento extremo de precipitação ocorreu na primeira semana do ano 2000, de 1º a 5 de janeiro, no Vale do Paraíba, parte leste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, causando enorme impacto socioeconômico, com mortes e destruição. Este trabalho estudou este evento em 10 estações meteorológicas selecionadas que foram consideradas como aquelas tendo dados mais homogêneos do Que outras estações na região. O modelo de distribuição generalizada de Pareto (DGP) para valores extremos de precipitação de 5 dias foi desenvolvido, individualmente para cada uma dessas estações. Na modelagem da DGP, foi adotada abordagem não-estacionaria considerando o ciclo anual e tendência de longo prazo como co-variaveis. Uma conclusão desta investigação é que as quantidades de precipitação acumulada durante os 5 dias do evento estudado podem ser classificadas como extremamente raras para a região, com probabilidade de ocorrência menor do que 1% para maioria das estações, e menor do que 0,1% em três estações.

Incidence of self-reported hearing loss and associated risk factors among the elderly in São Paulo, Brazil: the SABE survey

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Probabilidade de ocorrencia de periodos secos e chuvosos em Rio Claro - SP.

Using the daily rainfall data from 1961 through 1980 the frequency of dry and wet periods was determined. The results of the frequency distribution of dry and wet periods indicated that observed data fit very closely an equation of the type Y = aebn. -after English summary

Concentração, proporção molar e taxa de produção de ácidos graxos voláteis (AGV) no rúmen de bovinos alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado na dieta

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Um novo jogo para o estudo do raciocínio combinatório e do cálculo de probabilidade

We present an educational proposal for the study of combinatorial reasoning and calculation of probabilities based on a game and problem solving methodology, aiming to support the teaching of mathematical content. A review of the literature related to the teaching and learning of the concepts of combinatorial reasoning and probability is presented. The game is original, using a board game similar to Tic-tac-toe, and the movements of its parts have some similarities, in particular those made with the rook and pawn pieces of the game of chess. We formulate various activities (problems) involving the game which, in the process of solving them, using the problem solving methodology and with the appropriate intervention of the teacher, encourage students to develop strategies for counting, an indispensable tool in the initial study of Combinatorial Analysis and Calculation of Probabilities.

Uma proposta didático-pedagógica para o estudo da concepção clássica de probabilidade

We present in this paper a pedagogical-didactic proposal for the teaching of Laplace Probability. The starting point for building the concept of probability is a game situation associated with the methodology of problem-solving. The theoretical reference for the concept of game is constructivist teaching of mathematics. Mathematical knowledge is constructed based on problems that generate new concepts and / or new content. The proposed game is original. Our proposal can be used both in the last cycle of basic education but also in high school, and may inform the practice of teachers who teach basic concepts of probability.

A Pesquisa sobre o ensino de probabilidade e estatística no Brasil: Um exercício de metacompreensão

This article presents an exercise in meta-comprehension of what has been researched on teaching probability and statistics in Brazil. This research was based on the work on this subject presented in the third International Symposium for Research in Mathematics Education (III SIPEM). Articles were selected from the proceedings of the event analyzed hermeneuticly according to the procedures of phenomenology. We observed no evidence of clustering of research on this topic in terms of region or institutions, and we also emphasize that research on the teaching of Probability and Statistics needs to advance toward a theoretical discussion that transcends the subjects being studied and makes broader and deeper links between theory and practice. Findings also indicate that this sub-area of research in mathematics education is in the process of constituting itself.