920 resultados para espectroscopia de impedância
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In this work, the structures of LaCoO3, La0,8Ba0,2CoO3 and La0,8Ca0,2CoO3 perovskites were characterized as a function of temperature (LaCoO3 structure being analyzed only at room temperature). The characterization of these materials were made by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), in the cobalt K-edge, taking into account the correlated Einstein model X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). The first part of the absorption spectrum corresponded the X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). These materials were prepared by the combustion method. The combustion products were calcinated at 900 0C, for 6 hours in air. Noted that the sample LaCoO3 at room temperature and samples doped with Calcium and Barium in the temperature range of 50 K to 298 K showed greater distortion to monoclinic symmetry with space group I2/a. However, the sample doped with barium at the temperatures 50 K, 220 K, and 260 K showed a slight distortion to rhombohedral symmetry with space group R-3c. The La0,8Ca0, 2CoO3 structure was few sensitive to temperature variation, showing a higher local distortion in the octahedron and a higher local thermal disorder. These interpretations were in agreement with the information electronic structural on the XANES region and geometric in the EXAFS region
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Radiography (conventional and contrasted - canalography) and audioelectrophysiologic (impedance audiometry) tests were correlated with otitis media in 12 middle ear affected and 12 healthy dogs. When comparing both diagnostic methods, it was found that the reliability in the detection of otitis media in dogs was 100% for the first and 58.3-60.0% for the latter. Thus, it was possible to attest that the impedance audiometry was the most accurate method in the identification of otitis media in dogs when compared with radiographic assessments.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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This paper provides a review on the latest advances and applications of the luminescence spectroscopy for the development of pharmaceuticals analyses methods, basically based on the photo- and chemiluminescence. The different forms of the drugs determination on pharmaceuticals through the fluorescence and chemiluminescence are discussed. The analyses include the drugs native fluorescence (liquid and solid-phases); the fluorescence from the oxidizing or reducing forms of the drug; the fluorescence from the chemical derivatization and their photochemistry and hydrolysis reactions. The quenching of luminescence and chemiluminescence generation for the pharmaceutical quantification are also shown. Finally, the trends and future perspectives of the luminescence spectroscopy in the field of the pharmaceutical research are discussed.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Em geral, a função de um modelo de impedância para processos de eletrodo simples é deduzida de um modelo elétrico equivalente, denominado circuito de Randles. Neste trabalho estudou-se a generalização dessa função, mediante a introdução de um parâmetro não-elétrico, relacionado com a flexibilidade do ângulo de fase e da magnitude. A função foi ajustada às medidas experimentais de impedância obtidas de um sistema constituído de uma liga Ti-10%Al (m/m) em solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9%, variando-se a amplitude de perturbação. Verificou-se que a função generalizada foi adequada para descrever a impedância do sistema analisado, reduzindo as distorções entre a curva experimental e a curva teórica. Além disso, os melhores resultados foram obtidos para sinais de perturbação do sistema com amplitude igual a 10 mV.
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O presente trabalho utilizou ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto e sistema de informação geográfica, aliadas às informações espectrais do solo e quantitativas e qualitativas do relevo, para a caracterização e discriminação das classes de solos desenvolvidos do Grupo Barreiras na região do município de Porto Grande, Amapá. Após o mapeamento semidetalhado de solos, realizou-se a caracterização pontual das amostras dos perfis por meio de espectroscopia de visível e infravermelho (400-2500 nm), e a análise espacial das redes de drenagem e relevo a partir de fotos aéreas e imagens de radar. As informações quantitativas do relevo foram mais eficientes na caracterização e discriminação dos solos estudados do que as qualitativas, enquanto as informações espectrais permitiram caracterizar os solos em nível pontual. Métodos espaciais utilizando redes de drenagem e relevo e métodos espectrais utilizando amostras pontuais complementam-se na caracterização e discriminação de solos na paisagem.
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Compararam-se a espectroscopia de ultra-som (US) e os métodos tradicionais (MT) utilizados para a determinação de características físico-químicas do leite e estimaram-se as correlações entre esses métodos e suas acurácias. As características densidade, extrato seco desengordurado (ESD), teor de proteínas e teor de gordura foram determinadas em 65 amostras de leite cru por ambos os métodos. As densidades médias determinadas pelo US e pelos MT não diferiram entre si (P=0,14), e a correlação encontrada entre os dois métodos para a determinação da densidade não foi significativa (P= 0,08). Os teores médios de ESD, proteína e gordura encontrados pelo US e pelos MT foram diferentes (P=0,04, P<0,0001 e P<0,0001, respectivamente), as correlações entre os dois métodos utilizados para a análise dessas características foram positivas e significativas (r=0,0109, r=0,0007, r= <0,0001, respectivamente) e as acurácias dos métodos para essas determinações foram de 0,160, 0,062 e 0,145, respectivamente. Foi determinada a equação de regressão linear, que associa o teor de gordura obtido no método de espectroscopia de ultra-som ao do método butirométrico, que apresentou coeficiente de determinação de 0,5936.
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Records of the electrical impedance were obtained by means of surface electrodes placed on ventral and dorsal sides of the left kidney of anesthetized dogs. Changes of the renal electrical impedance resulted from alterations of the glomerular filtration rate caused by decrease of blood renal pressure to 80 and 50 mm Hg either due to constriction of the aorta or bleeding. The relation was established also by using physiological infusion. The results showed that changes of the means of renal electrical impedance were in opposite direction to changes in glomerular filtration rate. The electrodes employed were constituted of two parts: one fixed and another adjustable and flexible, allowing good contact with the renal surface independent of the kidney size.
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The aim of this study was to examine the agreement between the results of body fat (BF and BF%), fat-free mass (FFM) and FFM index (FFMI= FFM/height2) as estimated by skinfold anthropometry (ANT), bioelectrical impedance (BIA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in two groups of men (> or = 50 y), one comprising healthy individuals (n=23) and the other, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=24). Comparisons between body composition techniques were done by repeated measures ANOVA; the Bland & Altman procedure was used to analyse agreement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: 1) comparison between healthy and COPD groups showed significant differences between all studied variables; 2) in the healthy group, values for BF, BF%, FFM and FFMI were not significantly different when BIA or ANT was compared to DXA; however, in COPD, values for BF and BF% were significantly higher and for FFM and FFMI significantly lower when BIA was compared to DXA; in contrast, no differences were shown between values for these variables when ANT was compared with DXA; 3) Bland & Altman test, in both groups, showed no agreement between BIA and DXA and between ANT and DXA; it was also shown that body fat was overestimated and fat free mass underestimated by BIA in relation to DXA.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Biofísica Molecular - IBILCE