965 resultados para Variação formal
Resumo:
El apoyo y el fomento a la creación de nuevas empresas se ha convertido en las últimas décadas en objetivo principal de las administraciones públicas, justificado principalmente por la incidencia positiva que tienen las mismas tanto en la generación de puestos de trabajo como en el crecimiento económico y en el potencial innovador. En esta investigación se analiza el marco institucional formal de la creación de empresas en Catalunya, tanto desde el punto de vista de la oferta (instituciones y programas de apoyo) como desde el punto de vista de la demanda (nuevos empresarios), tomando la teoría institucional como marco teórico. Para el estudio de la oferta se entrevistaron 20 responsables del área de creación de empresas de las instituciones catalanas más relevantes, completando dicha información con fuentes de datos secundarios (folletos de las instituciones, memorias, estadísticas, etc.). Para el análisis de la demanda se realizaron 307 encuestas telefónicas a empresarios potenciales y 60 entrevistas personales a empresarios actuales. Los resultados del presente trabajo ponen de manifiesto que en Catalunya existen muchas instituciones y programas de apoyo a la creación de empresas. Esta diversificación, junto a la falta de coordinación entre las instituciones implicadas, conduce a duplicaciones y solapamientos en la oferta de programas destinados a las nuevas empresas. En cuanto a la demanda, los resultados reflejan que la muestra de empresarios potenciales conoce y ha utilizado en mayor medida los programas de apoyo que la muestra de empresarios actuales. Por otra parte, ambas muestras valoran mejor los programas no económicos que los económicos, habiendo tenido también éstos mayor importancia en el proceso de creación de la empresa.
Resumo:
Surgical removal of large amounts of hepatic tissue in male albino rats results in a rapid and conspicuous raise in cellular nuclear volumes. Measurements were made exclusively in resting nuclei. This volume variation is transitory. Nuclear volumes return to the normal value withins 6 days of restoration. The higher value are abserved 48 hours after the hepatic removal, indicating probably that this effect is due to hydration of the nucei, as occurs in the cytoplasm. This hydration could be correlated to the mitotic activity of the renmant tissue since a peak of mitoses parallels the changes in the nuclear volumes.
Resumo:
This paper develops a theory of the joint allocation of formal control and cash-flow rights in venture capital deals. We argue that when the need for investor support calls for very high-powered outside claims, entrepreneurs should optimally retain formal control in order to avoid excessive interference. Hence, we predict that risky claims should be be negatively correlated to control rights, both along the life of a start-up and across deals. This challenges the idea that risky claims should a ways be associated to more formal control, and is in line with contractual terms increasingly used in venture capital, in corporate venturing and in partnership deals between biotech start-ups and large drug companies. The paper provides a theoretical explanation to some puzzling evidence documented in Gompers (1997) and Kaplan and Stromberg (2000), namely the inclusion in venture capital contracts of contingencies that trigger both a reduction in VC control and the conversion! of her preferred stocks into common stocks.
Resumo:
Visando contribuir para o conhecimento da biologia de algumas espécies de Sarcophagidae da região de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, realizamos capturas sistemáticas pelo periodo de um ano (maio de 1980 a abril de 1981). Para isto utilizamos armadilhas e iscas atrativas adequadas para a captura destes dipteros. Foi capturado um total de 10.097 espécimes, dos quais 9.582, representados por 25 espécies, foram estudados e analisados sob diferentes aspectos. neste trabalho apresentamos a distribuição sazonal da família Sacophagidae, bem como a distribuição anual observada para cada uma das 25 espécies.
Resumo:
Recently there has been a great deal of work on noncommutative algebraic cryptography. This involves the use of noncommutative algebraic objects as the platforms for encryption systems. Most of this work, such as the Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld scheme, the Ko-Lee scheme and the Baumslag-Fine-Xu Modular group scheme use nonabelian groups as the basic algebraic object. Some of these encryption methods have been successful and some have been broken. It has been suggested that at this point further pure group theoretic research, with an eye towards cryptographic applications, is necessary.In the present study we attempt to extend the class of noncommutative algebraic objects to be used in cryptography. In particular we explore several different methods to use a formal power series ring R && x1; :::; xn && in noncommuting variables x1; :::; xn as a base to develop cryptosystems. Although R can be any ring we have in mind formal power series rings over the rationals Q. We use in particular a result of Magnus that a finitely generated free group F has a faithful representation in a quotient of the formal power series ring in noncommuting variables.
Resumo:
A observação de oito exemplares de Triatoma dimidiata (Latreille, 1811) de procedência diversas, com vistas a procurar caracterizar as estruturas da genitália externa dos machos (processo do endosoma, suporte do falosoma, falosoma e visica) levou-nos a constatar a mesma variabilidade que a espécie demonstra em relação aos seus caracteres externos de colorido e relações da cabeça e do rosto. Por associação de idéias, ampliamos um estudo anterior sobre a genitália masculina de Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834), também espécie de larga distribuição geográfica, porém com caracteres externos estáveis. Encontramos assim mesmo, embora em percentagem pequena, que os espinhos do processo do endosoma, habitualmente em número reduzido, podiam não existir. Desta espécie observamos quinze exemplares, de procedências diversas.
Resumo:
In this paper, we study formal deformations of Poisson structures, especially for three families of Poisson varieties in dimensions two and three. For these families of Poisson structures, using an explicit basis of the second Poisson cohomology space, we solve the deformation equations at each step and obtain a large family of formal deformations for each Poisson structure which we consider. With the help of an explicit formula, we show that this family contains, modulo equivalence, all possible formal eformations. We show moreover that, when the Poisson structure is generic, all members of the family are non-equivalent.
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The seasonal variation of the vagile fauna associated to Sargassum stenophyllum was analyzed from March/1986 to February/1987. The samples were obtained at two stations with differents intensity of wave exposures. Hight density of nematods and amphipods were observed during all of sampling period. Gammarids seems to be more dominant on the exposure site, while nematods, polychaetes and mollusks do on the sheltered one.
Resumo:
Non-formal education programmes are active in a number of developing countries. These programmes offer vulnerable students an opportunity to pursue their education although they were excluded for various reasons from the formal education systems. This paper examines the impact of two programmes (one in Mauritius, and one in Thailand) on their participants’ aspirations towards learning. We develop a methodology to measure the perception of students regarding their learning experience. More than a third of them, for example, believe that there is no barrier to their education. Most acknowledge the role of their teachers in raising their aspirations towards their educational achievement. When compared to male students, female students seem to value more the role of their education.
Resumo:
A review article of the The New England Journal of Medicine refers that almost a century ago, Abraham Flexner, a research scholar at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, undertook an assessment of medical education in 155 medical schools in operation in the United States and Canada. Flexner’s report emphasized the nonscientific approach of American medical schools to preparation for the profession, which contrasted with the university-based system of medical education in Germany. At the core of Flexner’s view was the notion that formal analytic reasoning, the kind of thinking integral to the natural sciences, should hold pride of place in the intellectual training of physicians. This idea was pioneered at Harvard University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Pennsylvania in the 1880s, but was most fully expressed in the educational program at Johns Hopkins University, which Flexner regarded as the ideal for medical education. (...)
Resumo:
L'educació formal necessita de noves eines d'aprenentatge que s'ajustin a la revolució que ha sofert la nostra societat, i una d'elles pot ser l'aplicació de les TIC a la difusió del patrimoni museològic. Com construir aquest discurs museogràfic i l'anàlisi de diferents exemples ja existents en la xarxa, conformen aquest treball.