双手交互界面研究进展

用户界面的发展趋势已经从“以技术为中心”发展为“以用户为中心”的新阶段,双手交互作为适应这种趋势的一种主要界面形式,以其自然直观等特点逐渐受到人们重视.系统地阐述了这种界面的研究现状,从双手操作的行为学和心理学基础出发,由实验评估总结出双手交互界面的基本设计准则,分类比较几种典型的交互技术,最后指出了存在的问题和下一步的研究方向.

笔式用户界面的eGOMS模型研究

认知心理学是构建人机交互模型的基础,从认知心理学角度对笔式用户界面(PUI)进行了建模和分析,以eGOMS模型为基础对PUI进行了评估。从认知过程的视知觉特征和心理加工机制、知识表征系统的组织形式以及单通道和多通道交互中的信息的加工和整合的方面、注意选择与分配的机制与特点等进行了细致的探讨了PUI的特点。PUI交互模式更加自然,可以减轻用户的认知负担。

动态调度系统中自适应用户界面的设计与实现

该文以炼化企业的动态调度系统为应用背景,以面向动态调度的自适应用户界面的设计与实现为主要研究内容,分析了当前炼化企业动态调度系统用户操作的流程以及界面的需求并建立起相应的数学模型。借鉴自适应用户界面的相关研究成果,设计了自适应用户界面的体系结构以及用户的动态行为过程,针对流程行业的应用特点提出了利用产生式推理和基于上下文的用户意图捕捉的方法,最后给出应用实例。文中所述方法已经成功在企业中得到应用。使用结果表明,该方法能够有效地开发动态调度系统的自适应用户界面,获得满意效果。

语音用户界面研究进展

语音是人们日常生活中高效、自然的交流方式之一。但是直到目前为止,语音交互方式在计算机技术上的应用还是比较少的。近年来,随着Ubiquitous Computing和便携式计算机的出现,再次对语音用户界面的应用提出了迫切的需求。而且语音识别、合成技术的发展也为语音交互界面的实现提供了技术基础。本文综合参考了国内外语音界面的一些应用系统实例以及语音这种独特的交流媒体的优点和局限性.总结了语音用户界面的适用环境和设计指导原则,并提出了对语音界面的发展展望。

图形用户界面系统国际化的研究

国际化的GUI系统不仅仅要能够正确地显现多语言文本，而且要能够产生与文字书写方向相应的用户界面。目前主要的GUI库仅支持镜像，还不存在一个GUI框架既支持垂直文字又支持双向文字。在本文中，分析了开发国际化GUI系统过程中面临的问题，给出了一个层次模型来实现动态用户界面风格。

基于Qt的国际化图形用户界面设计与实现

一次开发多语言使用是国际化软件开发的主要目标。但是世界上的文字多种多样，它们的书写方向也有所不同，除了水平从左向右书写的英文、水平从右往左书写的阿拉伯文外，还有类似蒙古文这样垂直排列的文字，这对计算机图形用户界面提出了更高的要求，现有的计算机系统将这类垂直排列的文字沿水平方向输出，极不符合少数民族人民的习惯。在分析现有Qt库对类似阿拉伯文这样从右向左书写的文字的部分支持机制的基础上，我们设计并实现了支持四种方向模式的国际化的图形用户界面，现在它已经能够适应世界上几乎所有的文字。这对于软件国际化以及民族语言信息处理有重要意义。

自适应笔式用户界面研究

笔式用户界面是HCI领域重要的研究方向，是Post-WIMP用户界面时代的主要界面形态之一，其在思维捕捉或记录、概念设计、观点研讨和交流等领域已经有较好的应用。笔式用户界面在得到良好应用的同时，也存在着以下三个方面的挑战：(1)相比于图形用户界面而言，笔式用户界面具有交互的模糊性，离散交互和连续交互的混合性等交互特征，我们将笔式用户界面的这些交互特性称为笔式用户界面的交互复杂性，交互复杂性无疑增加了笔式用户界面的设计和实现的复杂度；(2)由于笔式交互基于纸笔隐喻，相比传统的键盘鼠标输入的图形用户界面具有更加自然高效的交互特性，这种自然高效的交互特性会使更多更广的用户使用笔式用户界面，这些用户之间的笔式输入习惯会存在差异，会自然的期望笔式用户界面能够较好的适应特定用户的个性化。(3)普适计算是二十一世纪的计算模式，在普适计算环境下，用户要求能够随时、随地根据任务的需要来访问和操作各种信息，而支持多种环境下的不同的笔式交互设备无疑便利了用户的需求，因此笔式交互是普适计算环境下重要的交互方式，普适计算下也同时要求笔式用户界面能够适应设备和环境的多样化的计算要求。综上所述，解决笔式用户界所面对的交互复杂性和用户、设备、环境的适应性需求将是笔式用户界面的重要研究方向之一。 本文在总结笔式用户界面的发展的情况下，分析了笔式用户界面面临的上述三个方面的挑战。在分析面临挑战的基础上，阐述了本文研究的动机，即用自适应的方法来解决上述笔式用户界面所面临的挑战，即将本文的工作定位在自适应笔式用户界面研究上。 本文在分析了自适应用户界面和笔式用户界面相关研究的基础上，先后从以下几个方面展开研究：(1)研究了什么样的笔手势是良好的笔手势，提出了意义性的笔手势及其分类，并通过定量实验评估的方法验证了意义性笔手势的易学易记特性，为设良好的笔手势提供了参考依据；(2)提出了用自适应的策略来解决手势在使用时适应用户个性化输入的问题；(3)提出了自适应的基于笔和语音的多通道交互技术，并在此基础上建立了一个自适应的多通道几何白板系统；(4)提出了实现笔式用户界面的交互框架，并且在此框架的基础上与实践相结合总结性地提出了自适应笔式用户界面的软件体系结构；(5)在自适应笔式软件体系结构的基础上，本文最后描述了自适应笔式用户界面的软件开发方法，并通过实例来说明该方法的具体应用；(6)最后本文基于上述研究实现了一个自适应的多通道几何白板应用和一个自适应的表单系统。综上所述，本文从不同的层次展开了对自适应笔式用户界面的研究。这些层次是：(1)用户研究层次；(2)相关技术及框架研究层次；(3)软件体系结构和开发方法层次；(4)应用原型。 在自适应笔式用户界面的研究中，我们从上述五个方面展开了研究工作，其中主要的创新点有： (1)意义性笔手势及其实验评估 提出了意义笔手势的定义、分类及其易记性优势的假设。并通过定量的评估实验验证假设。在文献调研和用户调查的基础上，提出与所代表的命令有形象性的，意义性连接的笔手势是设计良好的笔手势，称为意义性笔手势，并将意义性笔手势分成三类，即为：指示性笔手势、实物隐喻笔手势和文化约定笔手势。最后，我们通过一个定量实验，评估意义性笔手势在易学性上是否优于非意义性笔手势。 (2)自适应的笔手势界面框架 在笔式用户界面中，静态识别器不能解决如下问题：不同用户对同一命令手势的输入差异大于某一用户在输入不同手势时的差异。本文提出了自适应的笔手势界面框架来解决这种用户手势输入的个性化问题。 (3)自适应的基于笔和语音交互的多通道交互技术 在多通道用户界面中，自适应性能够更好的发挥多通道交互的优势，本文提出了自适应的基于笔和语音的多通道交互技术，阐述了该自适应多通道的交互框架，详细阐述了输入模块、融合模块和自适应模块。对多通道的输入，融合，自适应策略进行了详细描述。 (4)笔式用户界面的交互框架和自适应笔式用户界面的软件体系结构 针对笔式用户界面的交互复杂性，在相关研究的基础上，提出了基于层次状态机的交互框架。同时基于框架，面向笔式用户界面的多设备、多环境、多用户的应用需求，提出了自适应笔式用户界面的软件体系结构，为自适应笔式用户界面的设计和开发提供指导。 (5)自适应笔式用户界面的软件开发方法 在以人为中心的设计方法和极限编程XP的开发方法的基础上，和实践相结合，根据自适应笔式用户界面的特点，提出了自适应笔式用户界面开发的总体流程，该流程重点描述了笔式用户界面自适应性的需求分析、设计开发及评估。在自适应笔式用户界面软件体系结构和总体开发流程的基础上，提出了自适应笔式用户界面的设计和开发流程，用以指导自适应笔式用户界面的设计和开发。 (6)原型实例 本部分在上述研究的基础上，建立了两个原型应用，一个为自适应的多通道用应用，本部分详细描述了该应用的模块组成及其关系，特别针对自适应模块，描述了自适应的策略。另一个为自适应表单应用，详细描述了该表单应用的需求分析、设计和实现、评估。

笔式界面软件快速开发工具

笔式界面软件快速开发工具Visual PBAP(pen-based application)Creator可以根据用户的个性化需求快速设计和开发相应软件,缩短开发周期。一方面,Visual PBAP Creator通过场景和UI编辑方便开发人员和用户确定需求;另一方面,自动生成代码可以缩短开发周期。Visual PBAP Creator以笔式操作平台为软件平台,采用基于场景设计的开发方法,设计结果形成XML格式的文档,通过解析这些XML文档最终生成C代码。实践表明,VisualPBAP Creator可以提高笔式界面软件的开发效率。

实物界面下的虚拟装配

基于增强现实技术,将实物用户界面应用到虚拟装配系统中,在单摄像头的条件下,将虚拟零件模型加载至实物标记上,用户通过操作实物标记来控制虚拟模型,完成装配过程。相比于传统的虚拟装配交互方式,增强了用户操作的切实感。根据装配任务需求设计了4类实物标记。提出了3种交互技术,包括接近性原理,匹配约束信息提示与判定,以及视点控制等,并且结合碰撞检测来实现精确而又自然的虚拟装配。该系统可以帮助设计人员方便地对产品设计进行分析和改进,降低用户的学习难度。

具有超媒体人机接口的纳米操作系统

当利用AFM作为纳米操作工具时,由于其缺乏实时的传感器信息反馈,操作完全在盲目的状态下进行,而使纳米操作难于进行。超媒体接口可以解决这个问题,在纳米操作过程中,超媒体接口不但可以为操作者提供实时动态更新的视觉反馈,还可以为操作者提供实时的三维力反馈,与此同时操作者还可以通过该接口直接控制探针的三维运动,实现人机交互式的纳米操作。纳米刻画以及多壁碳纳米管的推动实验验证了系统的效率和有效性。

井间地震速度层析成像方法与软件系统

Crosshole Seismic tomography has been broadly studied and applied in the fields of resource exploration and engineering exploration because of its special observing manner and better resolution than normal seismic exploration. This thesis will state the theory and method of Crosshole Seismic tomography. Basing on the previous studies，the thesis studied the initial velocity model，ray-tracing method, and developed the three-dimension tomography software. All the cells that a ray passes through are of the same velocities if the paths from transmitters to receivers are straight. The cells that the each ray passes through are recorded, and rays that pass through each cell are calculated. The ray average velocity which passes through a cell is set as the cell velocity. Analogously we can make a initial node velocity model because the velocity sum is calculated on the all cells which own to a certain node, and the cell number is summed about each nodes，the ratio of the velocity sum to the all cells number is set as the node velocity. The inversion result from the initial node velocity model is better than that of the average velocity model. Ray-bending and Shortest Path for Rays (SPR) have shortcomings and limitations respectively. Using crooked rays obtained from SPR rather than straight lines as the starting point can not only avoid ray bending converging to the local minimum travel time path, but also settle the no smooth ray problem obtained by SPR. The hybrid method costs much computation time, which is roughly equal to the time that SPR expends. The Delphi development tool based on the Object Pascal language standard has an advantage of object-oriented. TDTOM (Three Dimensions Tomography) was developed by using Delphi from the DOS version. Improvement on the part of inversion was made, which bring faster convergence velocity. TDTOM can be used to do velocity tomography from the first arrival travel time of the seismic wave, and it has the good qualities of friendly user interface and convenient operation. TDTOM is used to reconstruct the velocity image for a set of crosshole data from Karamay Oil Field. The geological explanation is then given by comparing the inversion effects of different ray-tracing methods. High velocity zones mean the cover of oil reservoir, and low velocity zones correspond to the reservoir or the steam flooding layer.

地震勘探三维可视化方法研究与实现

This thesis mainly studies the technologies of 3-D seismic visualization and Graphic User Interface of seismic processing software. By studying Computer Graphics and 3-D geological modeling, the author designs and implements the visualization module of seismic data processing software using OpenGL and Motif. Setting seismic visualization flow as the subject, NURBS surface approximation and Delaunay Triangulation as the two different methods, the thesis discusses the key algorithms and technologies of seismic visualization and attempts to apply Octree Space Partitioning and Mip Mapping to enhance system performance. According to the research mentioned above, in view of portability and scalability, the author adopts Object-oriented Analysis and Object-oriented Design, uses standard C++ as programming language, OpenGL as 3-D graphics library and Motif as GUI developing tool to implement the seismic visualization framework on SGI Irix platform. This thesis also studies the solution of fluid equations in porous media. 2-D alternating direction implicit procedure has been turned into 3-D successive over relaxation iteration, which possesses such virtues as faster computing speed, faster convergence rate, better adaptability to heterogeneous media and less memory demanding.

人口统计信息空间可视化系统研究

Population research is a front area concerned by domestic and overseas, especially its researches on its spatial visualization and its geo-visualization system design, which provides a sound base for understanding and analysis of the regional difference in population distribution and its spatial rules. With the development of GIS, the theory of geo-visualization more and more plays an important role in many research fields, especially in population information visualization, and has been made the big achievements recently. Nevertheless, the current research is less attention paid to the system design for statistical-geo visualization for population information. This paper tries to explore the design theories and methodologies for statistical-geo-visualization system for population information. The researches are mainly focused on the framework, the methodologies and techniques for the system design and construction. The purpose of the research is developed a platform for population atlas by the integration of the former owned copy software of the research group in statistical mapping system. As a modern tool, the system will provide a spatial visual environment for user to analyze the characteristics of population distribution and differentiate the interrelations of the population components. Firstly, the paper discusses the essentiality of geo-visualization for population information and brings forward the key issue in statistical-geo visualization system design based on the analysis of inland and international trends. Secondly, the geo-visualization system for population design, including its structure, functionality, module, user interface design, is studied based on the concepts of theory and technology of geo-visualization. The system design is proposed and further divided into three parts: support layer, technical layer, user layer. The support layer is a basic operation module and main part of the system. The technical layer is a core part of the system, supported by database and function modules. The database module mainly include the integrated population database (comprises spatial data, attribute data and geographical features information), the cartographic symbol library, the color library, the statistical analysis model. The function module of the system consists of thematic map maker component, statistical graph maker component, database management component and statistical analysis component. The user layer is an integrated platform, which provides the functions to design and implement a visual interface for user to query, analysis and management the statistic data and the electronic map. Based on the above, China's E-atlas for population was designed and developed by the integration of the national fifth census data with 1:400 million scaled spatial data. The atlas illustrates the actual development level of the population nowadays in China by about 200 thematic maps relating with 10 map categories(environment, population distribution, sex and age, immigration, nation, family and marriage, birth, education, employment, house). As a scientific reference tool, China's E-atlas for population has already received the high evaluation after published in early 2005. Finally, the paper makes the deep analysis of the sex ratio in China, to show how to use the functions of the system to analyze the specific population problem and how to make the data mining. The analysis results showed that: 1. The sex ratio has been increased in many regions after fourth census in 1990 except the cities in the east region, and the high sex ratio is highly located in hilly and low mountain areas where with the high illiteracy rate and the high poor rate; 2. The statistical-geo visualization system is a powerful tool to handle population information, which can be used to reflect the regional differences and the regional variations of population in China and indicate the interrelations of the population with other environment factors. Although the author tries to bring up a integrate design frame of the statistical-geo visualization system, there are still many problems needed to be resolved with the development of geo-visualization studies.

Proceedings of the Fourth PHANTOM Users Group Workshop

This Report contains the proceedings of the Fourth Phantom Users Group Workshop contains 17 papers presented October 9-12, 1999 at MIT Endicott House in Dedham Massachusetts. The workshop included sessions on, Tools for Programmers, Dynamic Environments, Perception and Cognition, Haptic Connections, Collision Detection / Collision Response, Medical and Seismic Applications, and Haptics Going Mainstream. The proceedings include papers that cover a variety of subjects in computer haptics including rendering, contact determination, development libraries, and applications in medicine, path planning, data interaction and training.

DSpace Manual: Software version 1.5

DSpace is an open source software platform that enables organizations to: - Capture and describe digital material using a submission workflow module, or a variety of programmatic ingest options - Distribute an organization's digital assets over the web through a search and retrieval system - Preserve digital assets over the long term This system documentation includes a functional overview of the system, which is a good introduction to the capabilities of the system, and should be readable by nontechnical personnel. Everyone should read this section first because it introduces some terminology used throughout the rest of the documentation. For people actually running a DSpace service, there is an installation guide, and sections on configuration and the directory structure. Note that as of DSpace 1.2, the administration user interface guide is now on-line help available from within the DSpace system. Finally, for those interested in the details of how DSpace works, and those potentially interested in modifying the code for their own purposes, there is a detailed architecture and design section.