Relatório de Estágio de Intervenção Comunitária

O presente Relatório reflete o percurso desenvolvido durante o estágio, realizado na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, visando o desenvolvimento de competências de Enfermeira Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária e tendo por base o Diagnóstico de Situação da Saúde dos adolescentes das turmas de 7º e 8º ano, no ano letivo de 2012/2013 e a implementação de um Projeto de Intervenção. O projeto desenvolvido insere-se no âmbito da Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de comportamentos de risco na adolescência. Os adolescentes são considerados pela OMS, como um grupo que vivencia grandes mudanças a nível físico, psicológico, familiar e social sendo suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de comportamentos de risco que se poderão perpetuar no futuro. É com base neste raciocínio, que se torna essencial uma intervenção multissectorial, planeada entre os profissionais dos vários contextos em que os adolescentes se inserem, especialmente no contexto escolar onde estes passam muito do seu tempo. O estágio, centrou-se nos hábitos de vida dos adolescentes, ou seja, conhecer os comportamentos de risco que os adolescentes praticam diariamente e através desses dados, programar um projeto de intervenção com vista à promoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis. Para isso, foram desenvolvidas várias atividades, nomeadamente reuniões com os docentes dado que, estes são elementos chave neste processo pela convivência e partilha de experiencias diárias com os adolescentes, e sessões de educação para a saúde. Na realização da intervenção foi utilizada a Metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde e as sessões de educação para a saúde sustentaram-se na Teoria da Aprendizagem Social de Bandura. Foram abrangidos 232 adolescentes, num total de 269, (no momento da aplicação do questionário) na Intervenção de Promoção de Hábitos de Vida Saudáveis dos adolescentes. Nesta intervenção obtivemos mais de 95.5% dos questionários respondidos com posicionamento na escala de satisfação na categoria de Satisfeito ou mais. Este relatório retrata o papel do Enfermeiro Especialista em Saúde Comunitária, que através das suas competências específicas, adequa as práticas, aplica um Planeamento em -Saúde eficaz, mobiliza os recursos comunitários e as equipas, na busca da excelência nos cuidados de Enfermagem prestados e de ganhos de Saúde da comunidade.

Relatório de Estágio de Intervenção Comunitária

Presentemente, a nossa sociedade sofre alterações diárias para as quais é exigido, aos enfermeiros, um elevado nível de qualificações que permitam dar resposta às necessidades e determinantes de saúde de cada comunidade. Assim, cabe cada vez mais aos enfermeiros enfatizar práticas conducentes a estilos de vida saudáveis, através da Promoção da Saúde, com o objetivo da obtenção de ganhos em saúde. Muitas doenças da idade adulta têm o seu início na adolescência, devido a hábitos de vida e à adoção de comportamentos de risco. É neste grupo etário, de grande vulnerabilidade, que deve incidir o papel da Educação para a Saúde, de forma a capacitar os adolescentes para opções saudáveis. O presente Relatório reflete o desenvolvimento do Estágio na área de Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária e as competências adquiridas neste percurso. O Estágio decorreu no período de 16 de setembro de 2013 a 31 de janeiro de 2014 (2º Ano – 1º semestre), na Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, em Portalegre. Com base na Metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde, toda a intervenção foi dirigida para os problemas identificados através do Diagnóstico de Situação de Saúde. Assim, o Estágio teve como intervenção a Promoção de Hábitos de Vida Saudáveis dos Adolescentes do 8º e 9º Ano, da respetiva Escola. Dada a aplicabilidade da Teoria da Aprendizagem Social de Bandura na Promoção da Saúde, as sessões de Educação para a Saúde sustentaram-se nesta teoria com o intuito de capacitar os jovens para agirem de forma correta e consciente. O Estágio de intervenção comunitária foi enriquecedor do ponto de vista da diversidade de experiências que proporcionou, permitindo a aquisição das competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros

Servant leadership and follower job performance: The mediating effect of public service motivation

This article advances our understanding of the effects of servant leadership, an employee- and community-focused leadership style, on followers' public service motivation (PSM) and job performance. Based on social learning theory, we argue that by emphasizing to their followers the importance of serving others both inside and outside the organization and by acting as role models by serving others themselves, servant leaders enhance job performance by engendering higher PSM in their followers. A multilevel analysis of three waves of multi-source data from a Chinese government agency reveals that PSM mediates the influence that servant leadership has on followers' job performance. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that the altruistic behaviour displayed by servant leaders elicits higher levels of the altruistic behaviours that characterize PSM, which in turn increases job performance. Hence, this study contributes to our understanding of how leadership drives institutional change and performance in the public sector.

La comunicación política en la administración de Gustavo Petro 2012-2014

El objetivo central de esta tesis es analizar cómo ha sido la comunicación política de la administración de Gustavo Petro entre 2012 y 2014, determinando el nivel de democratización presente en esta. Desde sus inicios, la alcaldía de Gustavo Petro mostro una gran preocupación por el ámbito de comunicación, sin embargo, como se puede ver en el plan de desarrollo, le apunta a una comunicación participativa en donde la ciudadanía haga parte de la construcción, diseño e implementación de los programas de gobierno. Por lo tanto se parte de la hipótesis de que la comunicación política durante esta administración ha sido democrática en tanto que ha permitido hacer partícipe a la ciudadanía de su propio desarrollo, a través del dialogo constante. Lo anterior será visto desde una perspectiva teórica sobre la comunicación política democrática, para lo cual las variables direccionalidad y centralidad serán claves.

Discovering, applying and integrating self-knowledge : a grounded theory study of learning in life coaching

Professional coaching is a rapidly expanding field with interdisciplinary roots and broad application. However, despite abundant prescriptive literature, research into the process of coaching, and especially life coaching, is minimal. Similarly, although learning is inherently recognised in the process of coaching, and coaching is increasingly being recognised as a means of enhancing teaching and learning, the process of learning in coaching is little understood, and learning theory makes up only a small part of the evidence-based coaching literature. In this grounded theory study of life coaches and their clients, the process of learning in life coaching across a range of coaching models is examined and explained. The findings demonstrate how learning in life coaching emerged as a process of discovering, applying and integrating self-knowledge, which culminated in the development of self. This process occurred through eight key coaching processes shared between coaches and clients and combined a multitude of learning theory.

Loneliness and classroom participation in adolescents with learning disabilities : a social cognitive view

Students with learning disabilities (LD) often experience significant feelings of loneliness. There is some evidence to suggest that these feelings of loneliness may be related to social difficulties that are linked to their learning disability. Adolescents experience more loneliness than any other age group, primarily because this is a time of identity formation and self-evaluation. Therefore, adolescents with learning disabilities are highly likely to experience the negative feelings of loneliness. Many areas of educational research have highlighted the impact of negative feelings on learning. This begs the question, =are adolescents with learning disabilities doubly disadvantaged in regard to their learning?‘ That is, if their learning experience is already problematic, does loneliness exacerbate these learning difficulties? This thesis reveals the findings of a doctoral project which examined this complicated relationship between loneliness and classroom participation using a social cognitive framework. In this multiple case-study design, narratives were constructed using classroom observations and interviews which were conducted with 4 adolescent students (2 girls and 2 boys, from years 9-12) who were identified as likely to be experiencing learning disabilities. Discussion is provided on the method used to identify students with learning disabilities and the related controversy of using disability labels. A key aspect of the design was that it allowed the students to relate their school experiences and have their stories told. The design included an ethnographic element in its focus on the interactions of the students within the school as a culture and elements of narrative inquiry were used, particularly in reporting the results. The narratives revealed all participants experienced problematic social networks. Further, an alarmingly high level of bullying was discovered. Participants reported that when they were feeling rejected or were missing a valued other they had little cognitive energy for learning and did not want to be in school. Absenteeism amongst the group was high, but this was also true for the rest of the school population. A number of relationships emerged from the narratives using social cognitive theory. These relationships highlighted the impact of cognitive, behavioural and environmental factors in the school experience of lonely students with learning disabilities. This approach reflects the social model of disability that frames the research.

Towards enhancement of practicum teaching and learning: a theoretical framework to inform social work field education

During 1996 eighty social work students and 130 field educators from New Zealand were surveyed about their experiences of the teaching during students' first field placements. The sample was drawn from three schools of social work facilitating student placements with clients across nine broad types of client services. Ten percent of the total student and field educator
sample were later interviewed about these experiences and the findings related to this research have been reported elsewhere (Maidment, 2000; 1999). During the course of conducting the research it became apparent that the practicum component of social work education was somewhat bereft of learning theory that could be specifically used to understand the
unpredictable and varied nature of field education and the complexity of the student! supervisor relationship. Hence the development of a conceptual framework to both guide the research and later explain the findings on field teaching and learning became a major focus of the research. The following article traces the process used to develop a framework to understand the diverse nature of practicum education.

From continuous improvement to organisational learning : developmental theory

As a learning theory, the continuous improvement (CI) discourse has benefited countless manufacturing enterprises to improve and adapt their methods of production. As one of the pillars of total quality management, it has generally included a range of dynamic concepts from high involvement teamwork and production enablers, to other social and technical capabilities such as innovation techniques. Such methodologies have been promoted in the literature as potential manifestos that can transform existing capabilities from simple representations of capability, to dynamically integrated ones (often labelled “full CI capacity”). The latter term in particular deserves more attention in the literature. Since CI techniques cannot be separated from organisational learning methodologies, it follows that CI methods should underpin holistic learning. This paper explores whether CI methodologies have advanced far enough to be considered as integrated and holistic in their own right. If not, it follows that new theories, challenges and discourses should be considered for exploration in the CI literature.

Social software in Higher Education:the diversity of applications and their contributions to students' learning experiences

Higher education institutions are increasingly using social software tools to support teaching and learning. Despite the fact that social software is often used in a social context, these applications can significantly contribute to the educational experience of a student. However, as the social software domain comprises a considerable diversity of tools, the respective tools can be expected to differ in the way they can contribute to teaching and learning. In this review on the educational use of social software, we systematically analyze and compare the diverse social software tools and identify their contributions to teaching and learning. By integrating established learning theory and the extant literature on the individual social software applications we seek to contribute to a theoretical foundation for social software use and the choice of tools. Case vignettes from several UK higher education institutions are used to illustrate the different applications of social software tools in teaching and learning.

Participatory Learning in the Early Years : Research and Pedagogy

The early years are an important period for learning, but the questions surrounding participatory learning amongst toddlers remain under-examined. This book presents the latest theoretical and research perspectives about how ECEC (Early Childhood Education and Care) contexts promote democracy and citizenship through participatory learning approaches. The contributors provide insight into national policies, provisions, and practices and advance our understandings of theory and research on toddlers’ experiences for democratic participation across a number of countries, including the UK, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Canada, Sweden, and Norway.

Informed learning: a pedagogical construct attending simultaneously to information use and learning.

The idea of informed learning, applicable in academic, workplace and community settings, has been derived largely from a program of phenomenographic research in the field of information literacy, which has illuminated the experience of using information to learn. Informed learning is about simultaneous attention to information use and learning, where both information and learning are considered to be relational; and is built upon a series of key concepts such as second–order perspective, simultaneity, awareness, and relationality. Informed learning also relies heavily on reflection as a strategy for bringing about learning. As a pedagogical construct, informed learning supports inclusive curriculum design and implementation. This paper reports aspects of the informed learning research agenda which are currently being pursued at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). The first part elaborates the idea of informed learning, examines the key concepts underpinning this pedagogical construct, and explains its emergence from the research base of the QUT Information Studies research team. The second presents a case, which demonstrates the ongoing development of informed learning theory and practice, through the development of inclusive informed learning for a culturally diverse higher education context.

Work-Related Subjective Experiences, Work-Related Self-Efficacy, and Career Learning Among People with Psychiatric Disabilities

Work-related subjective experiences and work-related self-efficacy were investigated as candidate correlates of career learning among people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Work-related self-efficacy was expected to mediate any observed relationship between work-related subjective experiences and employment status, after controlling for demographic, vocational, and clinical covariates. Baseline measures (n 1 = 104) were repeated at six months (n 2 = 94) and 12 months (n 3 = 94). Work-related subjective experiences and work-related self-efficacy were consistently associated with current employment after controlling for covariates. The proposed mediator role of work-related self-efficacy remains a viable hypothesis requiring further investigation. Both work-related subjective experiences and work-related self-efficacy appear promising as components of the social cognitive career learning theory to help explain career development among people with psychiatric disabilities.

The embodied hybrid space : designing social and digital interventions to facilitate connected learning in coworking spaces

This thesis developed and evaluated strategies for social and ubiquitous computing designs that can enhance connected learning and networking opportunities for users in coworking spaces. Based on a social and a technical design intervention deployed at the State Library of Queensland, the research findings illustrate the potential of combining social, spatial and digital affordances in order to nourish peer-to-peer learning, creativity, inspiration, and innovation. The study proposes a hybrid notion of placemaking as a new way of thinking about the design of coworking and interactive learning spaces.

The changing motivations of students’ use of lecture podcasts across a semester: An extended theory of planned behaviour approach

We extended the previous work of Moss, O’Connor and White, to include a measure of group norms within the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), to examine the influences on students’ decisions to use lecture podcasts as part of their learning. Participants (N = 90) completed the extended TPB predictors before semester began (Time 1) and mid-semester (Time 2) and reported on their podcast use at mid-semester (Time 2) and end of semester (Time 3). We found that attitudes and perceived social pressures were important in informing intentions at both time points. At Time 1, perceptions of control over performing the behaviour and, at Time 2, perceptions of whether podcast use was normative among fellow students (group norms) also predicted intended podcast use. Intentions to use podcasting predicted self-reported use at both Time 2 and Time 3. These results provide important applied information for educators to encourage student use of novel on-line educational tools.

Educating for digital futures : what the learning strategies of digital media professionals can teach higher education

This article explores how universities might engage more effectively with the imperative to develop students’ 21st century skills for the information society, by examining learning challenges and professional learning strategies of successful digital media professionals. The findings of qualitative interviews with professionals from Australian games, online publishing, apps and software development companies reinforce an increasing body of literature that suggests that legacy university structures and pedagogical approaches are not conducive to learning for professional capability in the digital age. Study participants were ambivalent about the value of higher education to digital careers, in general preferring a range of situated online and face-to-face social learning strategies for professional currency. This article draws upon the learning preferences of the professionals in this study to present a model of 21st century learning, as linked with extant theory relating to informal, self-determined learning and communities of practice.