Evaluation of the noise exposure of symphonic orchestra musicians

For musicians, the impact of noise exposure is not yet fully characterized. Some inconsistencies can be found in the methodology used to evaluate noise exposure. This study aims to analyze the noise exposure of musicians in a symphonic orchestra to understand their risk for hearing loss, applying the methodology proposed by ISO 9612:2009. Noise levels were monitored among musicians during the rehearsal of eight different repertoires. Test subjects were selected according to their instrument and position in the orchestra. Participants wore noise dosimeters throughout the rehearsals. A sound meter was used to analyze the exposure of the conductor. The results showed that musicians are exposed to high noise levels that can damage hearing. Brass, woodwind and percussion and timpani musicians were exposed to noise levels in excess of the upper exposure action level of 85 dB (A), while the other instrumental groups had a lower exposure action level of 80 dB (A). Percussion musicians were exposed to high peak noise levels of 135 dB (C). Sound levels varied by instrument, repertoire and position. Octave frequency analyses showed differences among musicians. This study suggests that musicians are at risk for hearing loss. There is a need for more effective guidelines applicable to all countries, which should define standardized procedures for determining musician noise exposure and should allow exposure level normalization to the year, including different repertoires.

Towards the rational biosynthesis of substituted phenazines and phenoxazinones by laccases

Laccases are multi-copper oxidases that oxidise a wide range of substrates including phenol and aniline derivatives, which could be further involved in coupling reactions leading to the formation of dimeric and trimeric structures. This paper describes the enzyme-mediated dimerisation of several ortho and meta, para-disubstituted aromatic amines into phenazine ("head-to-tail" dimers) and phenoxazinone chromophores. The redox properties of substituted aromatic amines were studied by cyclic voltammetry and the kinetic constants of CotA and Trametes versicolor laccases were measured for selected aromatic amines. The structure of novel enzymatically synthesised phenazine and phenoxazinone dyes using CotA laccase was assessed by NMR and MS. Overall our data show that this enzymatic green process is an efficient alternative to the classic chemical oxidation of aromatic amines and phenols, with an impact on the broad field of applications of these heterocyclic compounds.

Algebraic structure for the crossing of balanced and stair nested designs

Stair nesting allows us to work with fewer observations than the most usual form of nesting, the balanced nesting. In the case of stair nesting the amount of information for the different factors is more evenly distributed. This new design leads to greater economy, because we can work with fewer observations. In this work we present the algebraic structure of the cross of balanced nested and stair nested designs, using binary operations on commutative Jordan algebras. This new cross requires fewer observations than the usual cross balanced nested designs and it is easy to carry out inference.

An enzymatic route to a benzocarbazole framework using bacterial CotA laccase

The CotA laccase-catalysed oxidation of the meta, para-disubstituted arylamine 2,4-diaminophenyldiamine delivers, under mild reaction conditions, a benzocarbazole derivative (1) (74% yield), a key structural motif of a diverse range of applications. This work extends the scope of aromatic frameworks obtained using these enzymes and represents a new efficient and clean method to construct in one step C-C and C-N bonds.

Temperature-induced structural transitions in self-assembling magnetic nanocolloids

With the help of a unique combination of density functional theory and computer simulations, we discover two possible scenarios, depending on concentration, for the hierarchical self-assembly of magnetic nanoparticles on cooling. We show that typically considered low temperature clusters, i.e. defect-free chains and rings, merge into more complex branched structures through only three types of defects: four-way X junctions, three-way Y junctions and two-way Z junctions. Our accurate calculations reveal the predominance of weakly magnetically responsive rings cross-linked by X defects at the lowest temperatures. We thus provide a strategy to fine-tune magnetic and thermodynamic responses of magnetic nanocolloids to be used in medical and microfluidics applications.

Reflexões sobre o adágio erasmista. "Il' dvlce bellvm inexpertis"*

De todos os Adágios de Erasmo (e escreveu sobre mais de quatro milhares), o comentário ao provérbio Dulce bellum inexpertis - ou "Adágio 3001" - é, sem dúvida, um dos mais conhecidos e mais actuais. Aparece pela primeira vez, em estado embrionário, na edição de 1508 e surge depois, muito aumentado e refundido, nas edições impressas por Froben, em Basiléia, em 1515, 1523 e 1526. O tema, particularmente grato ao espírito irenista de Erasmo, seduzia-o desde que, ao aproximar-se dos 40 anos, empreendera a sonhada viagem a Itália. Aqui, entre 1506 e 1509, assistira à entrada triunfal das tropas do papa Júlio II em Bolonha, facto que o levaria a compor o Antipolemus (texto infelizmente perdido), bem como o lulius Exclusus, panfleto que alguns autores também lhe atribuem e no qual o papa guerreiro é excluído sumariamente da entrada na corte celestial. À mesma linha ideológica do Adágio 3001 pertence ainda a Querela ou Querimonia Pacis, editada em 1517, pranto em louvor do pacifismo pontifício e da evangelização dos povos paganizados

Doença de Hansen e Gravidez

A Doença de Hansen é uma doença infecciosa causada pelo microrganismo Mycobacterium leprae. No passado, a gravidade da apresentação desta doença e a inexistência de terapêutica adequada, levou à estigmatização destes doentes. Felizmente, a forma com se olha esta patologia melhorou nas últimas décadas graças à terapêutica múltipla que agora temos ao nosso dispor. Com o fenómeno da imigração de regiões do globo onde esta doença ainda tem uma prevalência significativa, assistimos ao surgimento de novos casos de Lepra em Portugal, nomeadamente em mulheres em idade fértil. A doença de Hansen na gravidez coloca questões quer no que respeita às consequências da terapêutica (durante a gravidez e amamentação), quer no que se refere ao momento do parto. A gravidez causa uma diminuição relativa da imunidade celular, o que permite a proliferação do bacilo com possível agravamento da doença. A escolha dos fármacos adequados impede a lesão nervosa permanente. Relatam-se três casos seguidos na Maternidade Dr. Alfredo da Costa, em conjunto com o serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Curry Cabral, que pretendem ilustrar a vigilância da gravidez nestas situações. Em todos eles as grávidas foram medicadas com rifampicina e clofazimina. Esta reflexão sobre Gravidez e Lepra visa desmistificar a patologia e sublinhar a importância do seguimento multidisciplinar destas gestações.

Variation in Haemodynamic Monitoring for Major Surgery in European Nations: Secondary Analysis of the EuSOS Dataset

BACKGROUND: The use of cardiac output monitoring may improve patient outcomes after major surgery. However, little is known about the use of this technology across nations. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a previously published observational study. Patients aged 16 years and over undergoing major non-cardiac surgery in a 7-day period in April 2011 were included into this analysis. The objective is to describe prevalence and type of cardiac output monitoring used in major surgery in Europe. RESULTS: Included in the analysis were 12,170 patients from the surgical services of 426 hospitals in 28 European nations. One thousand four hundred and sixteen patients (11.6 %) were exposed to cardiac output monitoring, and 2343 patients (19.3 %) received a central venous catheter. Patients with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores were more frequently exposed to cardiac output monitoring (ASA I and II, 643 patients [8.6 %]; ASA III-V, 768 patients [16.2 %]; p < 0.01) and central venous catheter (ASA I and II, 874 patients [11.8 %]; ASA III-V, 1463 patients [30.9 %]; p < 0.01). In elective surgery, 990 patients (10.8 %) were exposed to cardiac output monitoring, in urgent surgery 252 patients (11.7 %) and in emergency surgery 173 patients (19.8 %). A central venous catheter was used in 1514 patients (16.6 %) undergoing elective, in 480 patients (22.2 %) undergoing urgent and in 349 patients (39.9 %) undergoing emergency surgery. Nine hundred sixty patients (7.9 %) were monitored using arterial waveform analysis, 238 patients (2.0 %) using oesophageal Doppler ultrasound, 55 patients (0.5 %) using a pulmonary artery catheter and 44 patients (2.0 %) using other technologies. Across nations, cardiac output monitoring use varied from 0.0 % (0/249 patients) to 27.5 % (19/69 patients), whilst central venous catheter use varied from 5.6 % (7/125 patients) to 43.2 % (16/37 patients). CONCLUSIONS: One in ten patients undergoing major surgery is exposed to cardiac output monitoring whilst one in five receives a central venous catheter. The use of both technologies varies widely across Europe.

Historical Roots of Histrionic Personality Disorder

Histrionic Personality Disorder is one of the most ambiguous diagnostic categories in psychiatry. Hysteria is a classical term that includes a wide variety of psychopathological states. Ancient Egyptians and Greeks blamed a displaced womb, for many women's afflictions. Several researchers from the 18th and 19th centuries studied this theme, namely, Charcot who defined hysteria as a "neurosis" with an organic basis and Sigmund Freud who redefined "neurosis" as a re-experience of past psychological trauma. Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) made its first official appearance in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders II (DSM-II) and since the DSM-III, HPD is the only disorder that kept the term derived from the old concept of hysteria. The subject of hysteria has reflected positions about health, religion and relationships between the sexes in the last 4000 years, and the discussion is likely to continue.

Study and characterization of the ZnPc:C60/MoOx interface in organic solar cells by means of photoelectron spectroscopy

Dissertation to obtain the academic degree of Master in materials engineering submitted to the Faculty of science and engineering of Universidade Nova de Lisboa

Da caça de Mondragón à guarda do Estreito de Gibraltar (1508-1513) : os guardiões da memória de Duarte Pacheco Pereira e a economia da mercê nos séculos XVI-XVII

O artigo apresenta nova documentação relativa ao episódio do primeiro ataque a uma nau da Carreira da Índia, a nau de Job Queimado, e o papel desempenhado por Duarte Pacheco Pereira na perseguição do pirata Mondragón. Primeiramente, mostraremos como o pirata não chegou a ser capturado pelos portugueses. Duarte Pacheco Pereira tornou-se capitão-mor de várias armadas enviadas ao Estreito de Gibraltar. O seu desempenho no estreito nos anos de 1509, 1510, 1511 e 1513 vem complementar a lacuna documental sobre as suas actividades após a redacção do Esmeraldo de Situ Orbis. Em seguida, mostraremos como a documentação régia enviada por D. Manuel I a Duarte Pacheco Pereira foi preservada pelos seus descendentes e utilizada para obter da Coroa mercês adicionais, baseadas no seu serviço, durante mais de um século. O artigo é complementado por um apêndice documental onde se apresentam as transcrições da documentação existente no Arquivo Almada Lencastre Basto, na Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal.

O vestuário no cinema: percursos de análise em filmes portugueses de etnoficção

A presente tese enfrenta o tema do documentário e da ficção no cinema de etnoficção português pondo ao centro deste binómio o vestuário como fenómeno, ora votado a explicitar a verosimilhança das sequencias, ora ferramenta para criar uma simulação da realidade. Tratamos o termo etnoficção como se fosse um género cinematográfico e escolhemos, como exemplo de analise, 3 trilogias do cinema português. Tratamos o vestuário de acordo com os novos conceitos do corpo revestido que veem da Fashion Theory e nossas bases teóricas serão Simmel e Bogatyrev, Barthes e Calefato, entre outros. Analisar o vestuário de filmes por género ajuda por um lado na criação de uma primeira definição de todo este tipo de vestuário e por outro a compreender a sua importância dentro de uma obra fílmica. As partes teóricas sobre Fashion Theory e sobre o conceito de etno-ficção serão depois aplicadas aos filmes escolhidos, tentando ampliar os conhecimentos através da introdução de outros autores que se debruçaram sobre os dois assuntos, ao fim de unificar os dois conceitos, do corpo revestido e da etno-ficção, num só, de vestuário cinematográfico. Filmes analisados. Trilogia do Mar, de Leitão de Barros: Nazaré, praia de pescadores (1927), Maria do Mar (1929), Ala arriba! (1942); Trilogia de Trás-os-Montes, de António Reis e Margarina Cordeiro: Trás-os-Montes (1976), Ana (1984), Rosa de areia (1989); Trilogia das Fontainhas, de Pedro Costa: Ossos (1997), O quarto da Vanda (2000), Juventude em marcha (2006).

Analysis of factors and drivers in graduates success among Portugal, India and Italy

Field lab: Business project

Thermo-compression molding of chitosan with a deep eutectic mixture for biofilms development

Supplementary information available at: http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/c5/gc/c5gc02231b/c5gc02231b1.pdf