Las prácticas de recursos humanos y su incidencia en el bienestar laboral de los empleados

El objetivo del presente trabajo es formular, mediante una profunda revisión documental, bibliográfica y empírica, una fundamentación teórica sobre si existe o no incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos sobre el bienestar laboral de los empleados, y el que grado en que esta se presenta sobre aspecto como el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. Se realizó la revisión de múltiples estudios empíricos que aportaran evidencia sobre la relación que se presenta entre las principales prácticas de recursos humanos – provisión de personal, formación y desarrollo, promoción de personal, evaluación de desempeño, compensación y pago, y balance trabajo-familia – y el bienestar laboral, representado en el engagement y satisfacción en el trabajo de los empleados. Los resultados de este trabajo indican la existencia de una relación e incidencia de las prácticas de recursos humanos, el bienestar laboral, el engagement y la satisfacción laboral. De igual forma se encontró que estas relaciones son principalmente de carácter positivo, lo cual indica que las organizaciones que desarrollan este tipo de prácticas en su interior, fomentan tanto el desarrollo y la presencia de bienestar laboral en sus empleados, como su perdurabilidad.

Biblioterapia : a Função Terapêutica do Livro em Ambiente Prisional

Este trabalho de investigação consiste num estudo empírico sobre uma nova ciência - a Biblioterapia, e a situação mais específica, a sua aplicação em contexto prisional. Para alcançar este objetivo formulámos a seguinte hipótese: “o livro exerce sobre as pessoas em geral e, de uma forma mais particular, sobre indivíduos em contexto de detenção institucional uma função terapêutica”. A metodologia adotada para esta investigação assenta essencialmente em fontes documentais textuais e digitais, sobre autores especialistas na matéria, que de uma forma mais precisa se identificam e citam especificamente no capítulo referente à revisão da literatura. Para atingir o nosso propósito começámos por definir os conceitos de leitura, de leitura terapêutica, de fenomenologia da linguagem, de terapia e de diálogo assim como procurámos saber quais os fundamentos filosóficos e os componentes biblioterapêuticos, público-alvo e áreas com maiores potencialidades de aplicação, benefícios e limitações que norteiam à aplicação da Biblioterapia, nomeadamente, para fins de desenvolvimento pessoal e de alterações comportamentais. Fez-se igualmente uma análise da evolução do conceito, desde Aristóteles até aos nossos dias. Só com o conhecimento efetivo desta realidade seria possível prosseguir o nosso objeto de estudo. Entendemos ainda ser importante perceber qual é a situação da leitura em Portugal e as políticas desenvolvidas nesta área pelo Estado, para promover a leitura junto dos estudantes e da população em geral. Apenas assente nestas duas realidades que se entrecruzam, no processo de leitor/livro é possível identificar e relacionar esta problemática em estudo. Constatamos a existência de dois tipos de Biblioterapia, a Biblioterapia-arte e a Biblioterapia-ciência, identificando algumas das suas características, principalmente o que as aproxima e o que as separa. Apresentamos um exemplo de uma área reconhecidamente bem sucedida na aplicação da Biblioterapia não-clínica, em instituições prisionais, efetuando uma abordagem às questões mais pertinentes neste campo: os seus aspetos institucionais, os psicossociais e os de reinserção social. Considerámos ainda as recomendações da IFLA para este setor populacional – Guidelines for Library Services to Prisoners. Ao longo do trabalho e de uma forma transversal realçamos as interrelações biblioterapêuticas entre pacientes, bibliotecários e outros intervenientes no processo biblioterapêutico, tais como médicos e orientadores de leitura. Finalizamos o trabalho concluindo que a prática de leitura de temas específicos, em qualquer campo de atuação e sob orientação de um elemento profissional com conhecimentos aprofundados tanto em relação às personalidades e problemas dos destinatários como aos materiais que tem à sua disposição – o livro, em sentido lato - pode efetivamente desencadear benefícios terapêuticos nos leitores.

A grounded theory of intuition among occupational therapists in mental health practice

Objectives: This study aimed to explore occupational therapists’ understanding and use of intuition in mental health practice.
Method: Using a grounded theory approach, a theoretical sample of nine occupational therapists practising in mental health settings participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using the constant comparative method.
Findings: Intuition was found to be embedded within clinical reasoning. From the data, intuition was defined as knowledge without conscious awareness of reasoning. The participants viewed intuition as elusive and underground, and suggested that professional experience led to a more comfortable use of intuition. Using intuition relied on therapists’ understanding of their own and others’ emotions, and intuition partnered analysis within their clinical reasoning. A grounded theory of the use of intuition in mental health settings is proposed.
Conclusion: Occupational therapists practising in mental health settings understand intuition to be an instinctive understanding of situations, resulting from their professional experience and the understanding of emotions.

Scope of practice of occupational therapists working in Victorian community health settings

Background/aim: Current health policy places emphasis on community-based health care and it is expected that there will be an increase in the number of people receiving care in community settings. This study aimed to examine the profile and scope of practice of occupational therapists working in Victorian community health settings and the amount and type of health promotion activity incorporated into their role.
Method:  An anonymous postal questionnaire was sent to 205 community-based Victorian occupational therapists. One hundred and one (49.3% response rate) questionnaires were returned, with 72 respondents (35.1%) meeting study inclusion criteria. A descriptive research design was used to address study aims.
Results:  Results indicate that the majority of community health occupational therapists are experienced practitioners, have a varied scope of practice and report a high level of job satisfaction. Compared with previous studies, there is an increase in new graduate occupational therapists starting their career in community health settings, a greater number of part-time workers and a diversification of clinical and non-clinical roles. Barriers to practice that exist include high demand for service, limited funding and time spent on administrative tasks. Although health promotion was regarded as an important role of community health workers, a large number of therapists were not involved in this activity because of limited knowledge and clinical work taking priority.
Conclusion: Study findings have implications for occupational therapy training, and there is a clear need for input at policy level to address the significant resource allocation issues raised.

A survey of occupational therapists providing services under the Better Access to Mental Health initiative

The Australian government launched the Better Access to Mental Health initiative in 2006, to help more people access psychological therapies. Occupational therapists can register to offer these services, and this survey aimed to investigate their participation within the first 12 months of operation.
Two surveys were conducted with occupational therapists registered to offer Better Access to Mental Health services, at the six and twelve month mark of the initiative. These surveys collected both quantitative and qualitative data. While the demographic profile of occupational therapists remained stable across the surveys, the client population varied over time. Depression and anxiety were the most common conditions treated under this scheme. Occupational therapists reported generally positive attitudes towards the initiative, and did not identify any pressing training needs. However, the current rebate for services was a source of dissatisfaction for many respondents.
This survey has established a baseline for further investigation in this area. The provision and outcomes of this particular initiative needs to be a priority for future research to secure occupational therapy's place in this developing area of practice, thereby providing consumers with greater choice and access to intervention at a primary health level.

Database of peer review publications written by occupational therapists about mental health

An Excel spreadsheet which includes every peer reviewed publication written by occupational therapists in mental health since 2000. It is updated each January to include the previous years publications. Information recorded includes author number, author designation, bibliographic details (i.e. title, journal), categorisation according to doing/being/becoming/belonging, levels of evidence and days between submission and acceptance, and acceptance and publication.

Relationship between intuition and emotional intelligence in occupational therapists in mental health practice

Objective: 
Clinical reasoning studies have acknowledged tacit aspects of practice, and recent research suggests that clinical reasoning contains intuition informed by tacit knowledge. Intuition also appears to be influenced by awareness and understanding of emotions. This study investigated the relationship between intuition and emotional intelligence among occupational therapists in mental health practice.

Comparison of a traditional and non-traditional residential care facility for persons living with dementia and the impact of the environment on occupational engagement

BACKGROUND: Dementia residential facilities can be described as traditional or non-traditional facilities. Non-traditional facilities aim to utilise principles of environmental design to create a milieu that supports persons experiencing cognitive decline. This study aimed to compare these two environments in rural Australia, and their influence on residents' occupational engagement. METHODS: The Residential Environment Impact Survey (REIS) was used and consists of: a walk-through of the facility; activity observation; interviews with residents and employees. Thirteen residents were observed and four employees interviewed. Resident interviews did not occur given the population diagnosis of moderate to severe dementia. Descriptive data from the walk-through and activity observation were analysed for potential opportunities of occupational engagement. Interviews were thematically analysed to discern perception of occupational engagement of residents within their facility. RESULTS: Both facilities provided opportunities for occupational engagement. However, the non-traditional facility provided additional opportunities through employee interactions and features of the physical environment. Interviews revealed six themes: Comfortable environment; roles and responsibilities; getting to know the resident; more stimulation can elicit increased engagement; the home-like experience and environmental layout. These themes coupled with the features of the environment provided insight into the complexity of occupational engagement within this population. CONCLUSION: This study emphasises the influence of the physical and social environment on occupational engagement opportunities. A non-traditional dementia facility maximises these opportunities and can support development of best-practice guidelines within this population.

Occupational therapists' experiences of career progression following promotion

BACKGROUND/AIM: The recruitment and retention of a skilled occupational therapy workforce is highlighted as a key issue for the profession, and yet there have been relatively few studies into the career progression of occupational therapists. METHODS: A qualitative, naturalistic approach was adopted to answer the research question, using semi-structured interviews to gather data. Eleven purposefully selected participants at an Australian health service were interviewed as part of this study. Categories representing the most common themes and topics supplied by participants within their individual interviews were identified and consolidated by the research team. The trustworthiness of this study was supported by strategies to maximise its credibility, dependability and confirmability. RESULTS: Four main themes were elicited from the data - (i) Readiness for progression, (ii) Tools and processes, (iii) Expectations and (iv) What I wish I had known first. Within these themes, related findings were also identified by both Grade 2 and Grade 3 staff. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the readiness of occupational therapists to climb the career ladder is influenced by the tools and processes they can utilise, and the expectations they have around the realities of their new position. With hindsight, participants highlighted some things they wish they had known at the time of transition, which appeared to have been implicit. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY: This study is the first to address the common issues for occupational therapy staff around progression between grade levels. It therefore provides a basis for further research in other practice settings and for the development of supports for therapists climbing the career ladder.

Terapia ocupacional modulando a dor em pacientes oncológicos sob cuidados paliativos

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

The occupational roles of women with anorexia nervosa

This study's objective was to understand how occupational roles of individuals with anorexia nervosa are configured. The sample was composed of a control group and 11 adult women with anorexia nervosa being cared for by the Eating Disorders Care Group in a hospital in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected and the Role Checklist was applied. The results revealed a significant loss of roles for women with anorexia nervosa in relation to the performance of the roles worker, friend, and amateur/hobbyist, supporting the idea that psychosocial harm may arise from this eating disorder. The evaluation of occupational roles in the treatment of eating disorders is an important strategy for planning Occupational Therapy activities and supporting the creation of healthier spaces to enable individuals to resume occupational roles, and acquire independence and autonomy.