A prática coral juvenil transitando em ambientes formais e não formais: perspectivas aplicadas à educação musical

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Escolarização formal e dimensões curriculares para alunos com autismo: o estado da arte da produção acadêmica brasileira

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O processo de formação de conceitos na perspectiva vigotskiana

In his work on human knowledge, Vygotsky reveals the second human nature, the one which is historical and cultural, due to people´s learning throughout life, through the mediation of others and the concrete conditions of life and education. In this eminently social process, the child grows into the intellectual life having the adult as a peer and learns human skills from this adult-child interaction. This means that, for working with abstract formulation, it is necessary understanding it as a complex, dynamic and functional act that is built by the insertion of individual performance into culture that is mediated by interaction with others. In this setting, each individual reaches knowledge through formal and non-formal learning that help on the formulation of scientific and everyday concepts. To make studies on the process of concept formation, Vygotsky adopted an experimental methodology based on the philosophical assumptions of Marxist theory of how mental processes occur, once he perceived these processes in a constantly changing and moving. Thus, the method called “Instrumental, Cultural and Historical” differed from conventional experimental studies focused on the performance of the task itself. The method adopted by Vygotsky was concerned with the process of concept formation and not only with fragmentary cutouts of cognitive processes. According to our study, the formation of the social nature of man develops from processes of appropriation and objectification of knowledge, which makes individual the historically constructed achievements by mankind, as, for example, types of sophisticated thinking, which requires the discussion of concept formation.

O profissional de educação física adaptada em contextos não formais: expectativas e realidades em diferentes perspectivas

This study aimed to comprehend the expectancies and realities in Adapted Motor Activities (AMA), of physical education (PE) professionals, public administration inside special institutions of people with disabilities (PwD), families of addicted people with disabilities and independent people with disabilities, living in Muzambinho City/MG/ Brazil, comparing the reality and expectation of EFA in non formal contexts. Participants were selected using criteria related to the central subjects of this research (PwD), totaling 26 individuals. Data were collected through interviews with audio recording and full transcription. It was found that the reality of APE has been moving in opposite ways than expectations, especially regarding the inclusion in non – formal contexts, starting the needing of reflections and discussions to acting in AMA and PE.

O ensino coletivo de cordas friccionadas produzido no SESC-Consolação, comparado com propostas de ensino coletivo realizadas no Reino Unido e nos EUA: Trajetória histórica, diferenças e similaridades pedagógicas e socioculturais

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Memória e identidade em Jaguariaíva, Paraná: contribuição à cartografia escolar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Is Competition Making a Comeback? Discovering Methods to Keep Female Adolescents Engaged in STEM: A Phenomenological Approach

The decreasing number of women who are graduating in the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields continues to be a major concern. Despite national support in the form of grants provided by National Science Foundation, National Center for Information and Technology and legislation passed such as the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 that encourages women to enter the STEM fields, the number of women actually graduating in these fields is surprisingly low. This research study focuses on a robotics competition and its ability to engage female adolescents in STEM curricula. Data have been collected to help explain why young women are reticent to take technology or engineering type courses in high school and college. Factors that have been described include attitudes, parental support, social aspects, peer pressure, and lack of role models. Often these courses were thought to have masculine and “nerdy” overtones. The courses were usually majority male enrollments and appeared to be very competitive. With more female adolescents engaging in this type of competitive atmosphere, this study gathered information to discover what about the competition appealed to these young women. Focus groups were used to gather information from adolescent females who were participating in the First Lego League (FLL) and CEENBoT competitions. What enticed them to participate in a curriculum that data demonstrated many of their peers avoided? FLL and CEENBoT are robotics programs based on curricula that are taught in afterschool programs in non-formal environments. These programs culminate in a very large robotics competition. My research questions included: What are the factors that encouraged participants to participate in the robotics competition? What was the original enticement to the FLL and CEENBoT programs? What will make participants want to come back and what are the participants’ plans for the future? My research mirrored data of previous findings such as lack of role models, the need for parental support, social stigmatisms and peer pressure are still major factors that determine whether adolescent females seek out STEM activities. An interesting finding, which was an exception to previous findings, was these female adolescents enjoyed the challenge of the competition. The informal learning environments encouraged an atmosphere of social engagement and cooperative learning. Many volunteers that led the afterschool programs were women (role models) and a majority of parents showed support by accommodating an afterschool situation. The young women that were engaged in the competition noted it was a friendly competition, but they were all there to win. All who participated in the competition had a similar learning environment: competitive but cooperative. Further research is needed to determine if it is the learning environment that lures adolescent females to the program and entices them to continue in the STEM fields or if it is the competitive aspect of the culminating activity. Advisors: James King and Allen Steckelberg

Memória e identidade em Jaguariaíva, Paraná: contribuição à cartografia escolar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sexual Health Education from the Perspective of School Staff: Implications for Adoption and Implementation of Effective Programs in Middle School

Introduction: US teens are having sex early; however, the vast majority of schools do not implement evidence-based sexual health education (SHE) programs that could delay sexual behavior and/or reduce risky behavior. This study examines middle school staff’s knowledge, attitudes, barriers, self-efficacy, and perceived support (psychosocial factors known to influence SHE program adoption and implementation). Methods: Professional school staff from 33 southeast Texas middle schools completed an internet or paper-based survey. Prevalence estimates for psychosocial variables were computed for the total sample. Chi-square and t-test analyses examined variation by demographic factors. Results: Almost 70% of participants were female, 37% white, 42% black, 16% Hispanic; 20% administrators, 15% nurses/counselors, 31% non-physical education/non-health teachers, 28% physical education/health teachers; mean age = 42.78 years (SD = 10.9). Over 90% favored middle school SHE, and over 75% reported awareness of available SHE curricula or policies. More than 60% expressed confidence for discussing SHE. Staff perceived varying levels of administrator (28%-56%) support for SHE and varying levels of support for comprehensive sex education from outside stakeholders (e.g., parents, community leaders) (42%-85%). Overall, results were more favorable for physical education/health teachers, nurses/counselors, and administrators (when compared to non-physical education/non-health teachers) and individuals with experience teaching SHE. Few significant differences were observed by other demographic factors. Conclusions: Overall, study results were extremely positive, which may reflect a high level of readiness among school staff for adopting and implementing effective middle school SHE programs. Study results highlight the importance of several key action items for schools.

An empirical model to estimate the demand for primary care in urban settings

Objective. To measure the demand for primary care and its associated factors by building and estimating a demand model of primary care in urban settings.^ Data source. Secondary data from 2005 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2005), a population-based random-digit dial telephone survey, conducted by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research in collaboration with the California Department of Health Services, and the Public Health Institute between July 2005 and April 2006.^ Study design. A literature review was done to specify the demand model by identifying relevant predictors and indicators. CHIS 2005 data was utilized for demand estimation.^ Analytical methods. The probit regression was used to estimate the use/non-use equation and the negative binomial regression was applied to the utilization equation with the non-negative integer dependent variable.^ Results. The model included two equations in which the use/non-use equation explained the probability of making a doctor visit in the past twelve months, and the utilization equation estimated the demand for primary conditional on at least one visit. Among independent variables, wage rate and income did not affect the primary care demand whereas age had a negative effect on demand. People with college and graduate educational level were associated with 1.03 (p < 0.05) and 1.58 (p < 0.01) more visits, respectively, compared to those with no formal education. Insurance was significantly and positively related to the demand for primary care (p < 0.01). Need for care variables exhibited positive effects on demand (p < 0.01). Existence of chronic disease was associated with 0.63 more visits, disability status was associated with 1.05 more visits, and people with poor health status had 4.24 more visits than those with excellent health status. ^ Conclusions. The average probability of visiting doctors in the past twelve months was 85% and the average number of visits was 3.45. The study emphasized the importance of need variables in explaining healthcare utilization, as well as the impact of insurance, employment and education on demand. The two-equation model of decision-making, and the probit and negative binomial regression methods, was a useful approach to demand estimation for primary care in urban settings.^

Understanding mental illness in Nigeria: Bringing culture and traditional medicine into mental health policy

One of the major challenges in treating mental illness in Nigeria is that the health care facilities and mental health care professionals are not enough in number or well equipped to handle the burden of mental illness. There are several barriers to treatment for individual Nigerians which include the following: such as the lack of understanding of the root causes of mental illness, lack of financial support to get mental treatment, lack of social support (family, friends, neighbors), the fear of stigmatization concerning being labeled as mentally ill or being in association with the mentally ill, and the consultation of traditional native healers who may be unknowingly prolonging illness, rather than addressing and treating them due to lack of formal education and standardization of their treatments. Another barrier is the non-health nature of the mental health services in Nigeria. Traditional healers are essentially the mental health system. The elderly, women, and children are the most vulnerable groups in times of strife and hardships. Their mental well-being must be taken into account as well as their special needs in times of personal or societal crisis. ^ Nigerian mental health policy is geared toward forming a mental health system, but in actuality only a mental illness care system is the observed result of the policy. The government of Nigeria has drafted a mental health policy, yet its actual implementation into the Nigerian health infrastructure and society waits to be materialized. The limited health legislation or policy implementations tend to favor those who have access to these urban areas and the facilities' health services. Nigerians living in rural areas are at a disadvantage; many of them may not even be aware of services available to help them understand and treat mental illness. Perhaps, government driven health interventions geared toward mental illness in rural areas would reach an underserved Nigerians and Africans in general. Issues with political instability and limited infrastructure often hinder crucial financial resources and legislation from reaching the people that are truly in need of governmental leadership in regards to mental health policy.^ Traditional healers are a severely untapped resource in the treatment of mental illness within the Nigerian population. They are abundant within Nigerian communities and are meeting a real need for the mentally ill. However, much can be done to remove the barriers that prevent the integration of traditional healers within the mental health system and improve the quality of care they administer within the population. Mental illness is almost exclusively coped with through traditional medicine practices. Mobilization and education from each strata of Nigerian society and government as well as input from the medical community can improve how traditional medicine is utilized as a treatment for clinical illness and help alleviate the heavy burden of mental illness in Nigeria. Currently, there is no existing policy making structure for a working mental health system in Nigeria, and traditional healers are not taken into account in any formulation of mental health policy. Advocacy for mental illness is severely inadequate due to fear of stigmatization, with no formally recognized national of regional mental health association.^

La educación formal como instituido que media los procesos de inclusión/exclusión de las personas en situación de discapacidad

En estas sociedades occidentales modernas, deviene como “normal" y cotidiano la uniformización de los sujetos; resultando valores cada vez más preciados y exigidos la hegemonía en pensamiento, acción y sensación. En este sentido, y para el logro de tal emprendimiento, se entiende que han ido cambiando a lo largo de estos últimos tres siglos las formas de requerir tal hegemonía, no así la esencia de la misma, orientando a los seres en su individualidad y colectivamente hacia una hegemonía del deber ser. Se considera en este trabajo a la educación formal como uno de los pilares en los que se ha sostenido la formación de los sujetos sociales modernos. Será en base a las demarcaciones propias del disciplinamiento y la normalización adquirida a través de la currícula educativa que se delimiten marginalidades entre lo que se es y lo que se espera de cada sujeto.

Reaching the unreached: An initiative to bridge the gap between the gap by active role of management institutes/schools

There are large numbers of business communities in India which neither had any formal education nor they took any professional training but still they contribute in successful business formation. Their presence can be felt in all areas of business. Still there is a big professional gap between the educational institutes, specially the B-Schools and this independent business community. With the help of this paper an effort is made to develop a Two-Way learning relationship for the mutual benefit of both entities. It will also highlight the role of an educational institute beyond academics for the well being of society. This may lead to derive and develop the exchange of innovative business ideas and framing the suitable policies for long term sustainability in today´s competitive arena. The study conducted by researcher with a sample size of 100 which includes a mix of well known academic professionals, MBA students and non academic business professionals has revealed that there is a need of an exchange program for the mutual benefits. There exists a big professional gap in this area which can be filled with the active and effective initiative by management institutes. An effort is made in this paper to highlight this gap and to suggest some framework to bridge the gap

La Esgrima como enseñanza formal en las instituciones educativas públicas de Madrid. Del Real Seminario de Nobles al Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza Cardenal Cisneros (1725-1950).

En el presente trabajo de investigación se ha analizado la presencia de la Esgrima como materia de enseñanza dentro de diversas Instituciones educativas formales de Madrid, abarcando un rango temporal de 225 años (1725-1950). Para la realización de la investigación se elaboró un esquema de trabajo basado en la metodología de la investigación histórica, la historiografía. La búsqueda de la información se llevó a cabo, fundamentalmente en el Archivo Histórico Nacional el Archivo General de la Administración, el Archivo Regional de Madrid, el Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, el Archivo del Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid, el Archivo General de Palacio, el Archivo de la Villa y la Biblioteca Nacional. La investigación presentada abarca cinco Instituciones educativas en las que se estudia la presencia de la Esgrima como enseñanza formal, siendo estas el Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, la Escuela Central de Profesores y Profesoras de Gimnástica, el Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación y los Institutos de Segunda Enseñanza del Cardenal Cisneros y de San Isidro. Se analizaron las diferentes Constituciones de formación, Planes de Estudios, Reglamentos Interinos de funcionamiento, Leyes de fundación, libros, Programas de asignaturas y todos aquellos documentos, tanto oficiales como internos de cada uno de los Centros tratados. Así mismo, se estudiaron las figuras de los Maestros encargados de impartir la Esgrima como materia formal en las diversas Instituciones, alcanzando la mayor relevancia D. Manuel Antonio de Brea, D. Francisco de la Macorra y Guijeño, D. Ángel Lancho Martín de la Fuente, D. Afrodisio Aparicio Aparicio y D. José Carbonell. De la investigación realizada se concluye la presencia de la Esgrima como una materia perfectamente sistematizada en cada uno de las Instituciones analizadas así como la importancia que alcanzaba la figura del Maestro de Esgrima en todas ellas, siendo en algunos casos “Maestro Mayor del Reyno” y en otros convirtiéndose en Catedráticos de Esgrima, al tiempo que todos ellos contaban con una titulación que les capacitaba para el ejercicio de su profesión. Así mismo encontramos la presencia de la mujer en una de las Instituciones, el Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación, con los mismos derechos que sus compañeros varones para matricularse y estudiar la Esgrima. Los Maestros estudiados, fundamentalmente D. Ángel Lancho, D. Afrodisio Aparicio y D. José Carbonell, contribuyeron a popularizar la Esgrima y a su desarrollo como deporte, organizando torneos para sus alumnos y compitiendo ellos mismos en multitud de asaltos. A lo largo de los 225 años que abarca esta investigación, la Esgrima evolucionó de Destreza a Habilidad y más tarde a Deporte, sin perder en ningún momento su importancia, extendiéndose a sectores de la sociedad a los que nunca habría llegado de no ser por la labor de los Maestros de Esgrima encargados de su formación. ABSTRACT. In this research work, the presence of Fencing as an educational subject within different formal educational Institutions in Madrid, over a period of 225 years (1725-1950), has been analysed. In order to carry out this research, a work schedule was drawn up, based on the methods of the historical research, historiography. The search for the information was primarily carried out in the Archivo Historico Nacional, the Archivo General de la Administración, the Archivo Regional of Madrid, the Archivo General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, the Archivo del Real Conservatorio Superior de Música of Madrid, the Archivo General de Palacio, the Archivo de la Villa and the Biblioteca Nacional. The research presented covers five educational Institutions, where the presence of Fencing as a formal education is studied. These Institutions are: the Real Seminario de Nobles de Madrid, the Escuela Central de Profesores y Profesoras de Gimnástica, the Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación and the Cardenal Cisneros and the San Isidro Secondary Schools. The different Academic formation, Syllabuses, Temporary working Regulations, founding Law, books, subject Plans and all the documents, official or internal, of each of the Centres dealt with, were analysed. Moreover, the roles of the Masters in charge of teaching Fencing as a formal subject in different Institutions were studied, and Mr. Manuel Antonio de Brea, Mr. Francisco de la Macorra y Guijeño, Mr. Ángel Lancho Martín de la Fuente, Mr. Afrodisio Aparicio Aparicio and Mr. José Carbonell were the most prominent. The conclusion of the research carried out, is that the presence of Fencing is a subject perfectly organised in each one of the Institutions analysed, as well as the importance that the role of the Fencing Master reached in every Institution, in some cases being “Maestro Mayor del Reyno” and in others becoming Fencing Professors, while all of them had a qualification that enabled them to practice their profession. Similarly, we can find the presence of women in one of the Institutions, the Real Conservatorio de Música y Declamación, where they had the same rights as her male classmates to enrol and study Fencing. The Fencing Masters who were studied, principally Mr. Ángel Lancho, Mr. Afrodisio Aparicio and Mr. José Carbonell, all contributed to making Fencing popular and also towards its development as a sport, by organising tournaments for their students and by competing themselves in a number of assaults. Over the 225 years which the research covers, Fencing evolved from Skill to Ability and later on to a Sport, without, at any moment, losing its importance, spreading to parts of society that it would never have reached if it were not for the work of the Fencing Masters in charge of teaching it.

Education and Development : A spatial-econometric approach on spatial change and permanence in southern Brazil

The Brazilian state of Paraná exhibits a violent geography of inequality and duality, hosting both the most developed city in the country, internationally recognized by its urban and environmental innovations, and southern Brazil’s most concentrated cluster of poverty and underdevelopment. Over the course of the past decades, the state underwent a major economic transformation, modernizing and increasing its industrial structure and shifting to the service sector with a larger participation of the knowledge economy. This study is concerned on the interplay between formal education and socioeconomic development during this process, and above all its spatial character. It attempts make sense of the rich literature on education and growth and/or development, discussing it through the lenses of human geography and planning. In order for the analysis to be possible, this study created a consistent database of municipal scores of education over the course of 40 years, dealing with changing census methodologies and municipal boundaries. Making use of modern exploratory spatial data analysis combined with spatial regressions, the study identifies a clustered, time-persistent interplay between education and development that is stronger for low and basic levels of education. Moreover, it provides evidence that not only education is a predictor of future development, but also that analyses of this kind must take into consideration spatial autocorrelation in order to be accurate.