931 resultados para Neolithic period -- Mathematical models
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Este artigo apresenta novas estratégias de controle fuzzy aplicadas ao conversor estático interligado ao rotor dos geradores de indução duplamente excitados (DFIG), em esquemas eólicos de velocidade variável, integrados a redes elétricas reais. As estratégias de controle propostas são do tipo fuzzy "look-up-table" com supervisão. O desempenho de tais reguladores, baseados em inteligência computacional, é comparado com o obtido com controladores PI's a parâmetros fixos, na ocorrência de faltas no sistema elétrico de potência. Esses controladores fuzzy são destinados a garantir a continuidade da operação dos conversores, e melhorar o desempenho transitório do sistema, em relação aos controladores convencionais. Os resultados apresentados confirmam a eficácia das estratégias de controle adotadas. O modelo físico dos aerogeradores, consistindo de um grande número de turbinas eólicas, foi implementado através de uma ferramenta de simulação dinâmica, desenvolvida no ambiente computacional MATLABTM.
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Produziu-se carvão de caroço de buriti (CCB) a partir do rejeito da produção artesanal do fruto, destinado à extração de óleo, à temperatura de 400ºC. O CCB então foi ativado a temperaturas de 800ºC e 900ºC. Ensaios de adsorção foram executados para se avaliar o desempenho dessas temperaturas de ativação na adsorção de uma solução de cobre (II) de concentração inicial conhecida de 50 mg/L. Após a análise dos resultados, decidiu-se pela ativação do carvão a 900ºC. Caracterizou-se o carvão ativado do caroço de buriti (CACB) a 900ºC de acordo com as propriedades comerciais, tais como: área específica, porosimetria, densidades aparente e real, porosidade de um leito fixo, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, conteúdo de cinzas, pH, umidade, carbono fixo e grupos funcionais de superfície ácida presentes no CACB. Realizaram-se ensaios de equilíbrio de adsorção para se determinar a influência do diâmetro das partículas de CACB (D < 0,595 mm; 0,595 < D < 1,19 mm e D > 1,19 mm); a influência do tempo de contato adsorvente/adsorvato (15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 300 minutos); a influência do pH (3,00; 4,01; 5,18 e 6,00) e a influência da concentração inicial da solução de cobre (II) (5, 10, 30, 50, 80, 100 e 200 mg/L) para se avaliar a eficiência de remoção. Os resultados mostraram uma maior eficiência de remoção de cobre (II) para o diâmetro D < 0,595 mm; para o tempo de contato de 300 minutos; para o pH de 4,01 e para as concentrações iniciais de cobre (II) de 50 e 80 mg/L. Os modelos matemáticos de Langmuir e Freundlich foram aplicados para os dados de equilíbrio de adsorção. O modelo matemático de Langmuir foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados de equilíbrio. De acordo com os dados da cinética de equilíbrio, observa-se que a partir do tempo de contato de 15 minutos todas as concentrações de equilíbrio ficaram abaixo do máximo permitido de 1,0 mg/L previsto pela legislação CONAMA nº 357/2005 para lançamento de efluentes em corpos receptores. Os resultados experimentais encontrados são indicativos de que é possível a remoção de cobre (II) de efluentes industriais utilizando CACB ativado fisicamente a 900ºC por um período de 60 minutos.
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Pós-graduação em Biometria - IBB
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Experiments of continuous alcoholic fermentation of sugarcane juice with flocculating yeast recycle were conducted in a system of two 0.22-L tower bioreactors in series, operated at a range of dilution rates (D (1) = D (2) = 0.27-0.95 h(-1)), constant recycle ratio (alpha = F (R) /F = 4.0) and a sugar concentration in the feed stream (S (0)) around 150 g/L. The data obtained in these experimental conditions were used to adjust the parameters of a mathematical model previously developed for the single-stage process. This model considers each of the tower bioreactors as a perfectly mixed continuous reactor and the kinetics of cell growth and product formation takes into account the limitation by substrate and the inhibition by ethanol and biomass, as well as the substrate consumption for cellular maintenance. The model predictions agreed satisfactorily with the measurements taken in both stages of the cascade. The major differences with respect to the kinetic parameters previously estimated for a single-stage system were observed for the maximum specific growth rate, for the inhibition constants of cell growth and for the specific rate of substrate consumption for cell maintenance. Mathematical models were validated and used to simulate alternative operating conditions as well as to analyze the performance of the two-stage process against that of the single-stage process.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Theoretical approaches to forensic entomology: I. Mathematical model of postfeeding larval dispersal
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An overall theoretical approach to model phenomena of interest for forensic entomology is advanced. Efforts are concentrated in identifying biological attributes at the individual, population and community of the arthropod fauna associated with decomposing human corpses and then incorporating these attributes into mathematical models. In particular in this paper a diffusion model of dispersal of post feeding larvae is described for blowflies, which are the most common insects associated with corpses.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Circadian rhythms in pacemaker cells persist for weeks in constant darkness, while in other types of cells the molecular oscillations that underlie circadian rhythms damp rapidly under the same conditions. Although much progress has been made in understanding the biochemical and cellular basis of circadian rhythms, the mechanisms leading to damped or self-sustained oscillations remain largely unknown. There exist many mathematical models that reproduce the circadian rhythms in the case of a single cell of the Drosophila fly. However, not much is known about the mechanisms leading to coherent circadian oscillation in clock neuron networks. In this work we have implemented a model for a network of interacting clock neurons to describe the emergence (or damping) of circadian rhythms in Drosophila fly, in the absence of zeitgebers. Our model consists of an array of pacemakers that interact through the modulation of some parameters by a network feedback. The individual pacemakers are described by a well-known biochemical model for circadian oscillation, to which we have added degradation of PER protein by light and multiplicative noise. The network feedback is the PER protein level averaged over the whole network. In particular, we have investigated the effect of modulation of the parameters associated with (i) the control of net entrance of PER into the nucleus and (ii) the non-photic degradation of PER. Our results indicate that the modulation of PER entrance into the nucleus allows the synchronization of clock neurons, leading to coherent circadian oscillations under constant dark condition. On the other hand, the modulation of non-photic degradation cannot reset the phases of individual clocks subjected to intrinsic biochemical noise.
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This work presents major results from a novel dynamic model intended to deterministically represent the complex relation between HIV-1 and the human immune system. The novel structure of the model extends previous work by representing different host anatomic compartments under a more in-depth cellular and molecular immunological phenomenology. Recently identified mechanisms related to HIV-1 infection as well as other well known relevant mechanisms typically ignored in mathematical models of HIV-1 pathogenesis and immunology, such as cell-cell transmission, are also addressed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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This thesis is mainly devoted to show how EEG data and related phenomena can be reproduced and analyzed using mathematical models of neural masses (NMM). The aim is to describe some of these phenomena, to show in which ways the design of the models architecture is influenced by such phenomena, point out the difficulties of tuning the dozens of parameters of the models in order to reproduce the activity recorded with EEG systems during different kinds of experiments, and suggest some strategies to cope with these problems. In particular the chapters are organized as follows: chapter I gives a brief overview of the aims and issues addressed in the thesis; in chapter II the main characteristics of the cortical column, of the EEG signal and of the neural mass models will be presented, in order to show the relationships that hold between these entities; chapter III describes a study in which a NMM from the literature has been used to assess brain connectivity changes in tetraplegic patients; in chapter IV a modified version of the NMM is presented, which has been developed to overcomes some of the previous version’s intrinsic limitations; chapter V describes a study in which the new NMM has been used to reproduce the electrical activity evoked in the cortex by the transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS); chapter VI presents some preliminary results obtained in the simulation of the neural rhythms associated with memory recall; finally, some general conclusions are drawn in chapter VII.