Democracia e eleição de dirigentes escolares no sistema municipal de ensino de Belém: análises e perspectivas

A pesquisa voltou-se para a investigação do processo de institucionalização da eleição direta de dirigentes escolares no Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Belém, como dimensão dos projetos políticos e pedagógicos engendrados pelas gestões municipais no período de 1993 a 2006. O objetivo foi analisar os avanços, limites e perspectivas das propostas de eleição de dirigentes, estabelecidas sob a ótica do plano das orientações formal-legais do sistema educacional. A orientação metodológica utilizada foi a da pesquisa bibliográfica e da análise documental. Através de um estudo pormenorizado dos principais documentos oficiais produzidos pelas administrações municipais, pretendeu-se identificar as intencionalidades políticas dos respectivos governos no período delimitado e caracterizar os seus respectivos projetos educacionais e propostas de eleição de dirigentes escolares, assim como perceber a concepção de democracia e gestão democrática inerente aos mesmos. Os resultados alcançados com a investigação nos levam a inferir que o processo de democratização da gestão escolar no SME, via a eleição de dirigentes escolares, não é algo acabado e definido, mas uma construção permanente, marcada por idas e vindas, recuos e avanços, que aponta para perspectivas e horizontes distintos e atinge os mais diferentes matizes ideológicos. Portanto, pode-se afirmar que a democracia escolar no SME não é, mas está sendo construída de acordo com as possibilidades e constrangimentos apresentados em cada momento histórico e com a capacidade dos atores educacionais de incorporar a institucionalidade democrática estabelecida.

O controle social no Sistema Municipal de Ensino de Ananindeua - PA: desafios e possibilidades

Este estudo sobre O Controle Social no Sistema Municipal de Ananindeua: Desafios e Possibilidades objetivou analisar a organização e o funcionamento dos órgãos gestores das políticas educacionais, a fim de compreender de que forma vem sendo exercido o controle social pelos Conselho Municipal de Educação, Conselho de Alimentação Escolar e Conselho Municipal do Fundeb, a partir da institucionalização do mencionado sistema de ensino. Para responder às questões norte adoras desta pesquisa foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados revelam que a sociedade civil vem ocupando majoritariamente os espaços de gestão das políticas sociais, por meio dos órgãos colegiados em relação à representação governamental, muito embora as dimensões enfocadas anteriormente ainda se encontrem em vias de construção, havendo maior incidência da dimensão propositiva no Conselho Municipal de Educação. Todavia, os órgãos colegiados, de maneira geral, manifestam dificuldades técnico-operacionais para o exercício da função fiscalizadora, o que vem implicando na não incorporação dos resultados das avaliações das políticas educacionais nas decisões do governo. Esses aspectos evidenciaram a necessidade de maiores investimentos na formação continuada dos atores sociais, para o atendimento efetivo de uma perspectiva mais ampla de controle social.

O perfil de professores da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belém

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa “Quem é e quanto ganha o professor da Educação Básica da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belém?”, que objetivou traçar um Perfil de Professores da Rede Municipal de Educação de Belém de acordo com quatro indicadores: sexo; formação; formação por área de atuação; e remuneração. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Concluiu-se que, de acordo com os indicadores, a maioria dos professores é do sexo feminino; têm formação em nível superior, com exceção dos que atuam na Educação Infantil; no que tange à remuneração, a composição salarial demonstra que independentemente da formação, os professores recebem vencimentos iguais e que as gratificações diferenciam o valor das remunerações.

The first Brazilian municipal initiative of payments for environmental services and its potential for soil conservation

It has become evident that policies aimed at mitigating the growing water resources and water use conflicts in Brazil are crucial. The municipality of Extrema in Minas Gerais state in Brazil pioneered the first Brazilian municipal PES initiative (Conservador das Aguas program), based on the relationship between forests and the benefits they provide. This study aimed to assess soil loss in the Posses sub-basin, where the Conservador das Aguas program began. Additionally, we aimed to determine the potential that this PES initiative has for soil conservation, as well as to minimize the soil losses as a function of forest area size and location in order to propose a technical approach for implementing PES. In this sense, considering the prescribed conservation practices, land use situation, and soil cover in the Posses sub-basin, we analyzed the effectiveness of the Conservador das Aguas program before and after implementation in relation to reduced soil loss under 36 different land use and soil cover scenarios. We used a geographic information system (GIS) for spatializing and producing different information plans and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) for estimating soil loss. As a result, we found that minimization of soil loss may be obtained by adopting pasture conservation practices. Additionally the expected average soil loss in the Posses sub-basin under conditions of land use and soil cover, before and after implementing the water conservation program was 30.63 and 7.06 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), respectively. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Teachers Formation in Higher Education: Some Aspects under the Light of Education-Work Relations

This text is mainly aimed to address essential aspects of teacher formation in the light of education-work relations in the higher education, from our systematic experience in higher education teaching, particularly teaching and research in the field of Didactics discipline. This formulation is justified considering our concern in seeking to situate this discussion in the context of bringing together knowledge areas and the field of teaching knowledge. Still, our choice to develop such an approach in the light of work-education relationship is due to the belief about the possibilities of seeking to overcome the requirements imposed by capitalism to our educational system, within the possible contradictions of these relationships. In this context the teachers’ formation in higher education gains social and strategic importance, taking on the task of forming individuals of “action-reflection-action” in a society established historically based on the social relations which settle in the light of capital’s multiple determinations. It appears that, in this sense, the major confrontations have been given within the discussions about what to prioritize or combine in the list of criteria and content for teacher’s formation. In Didactic, we seek to emphasize discussions that we consider with a philosophical background, referring to the orientation of teaching practice in knowledge of contemporary ideological struggle; socio-historical, referring to the possibility of formation of disciplines, among them Didactic, and curriculums and references to support its guidance in the process of teacher’s formation. This context of discussion is based on the concrete teaching practice with a view to transformation and to search for new syntheses in terms of knowledge and in terms of historical reality. Then therefore, our methodological approach grounded in the dimensions of the same unit: historical materialism as posture, method and as praxis.

Plano Municipal de Educação de Rio Claro - SP: desafios e perspectivas na garantia do direito à educação

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Plano Municipal de Educação de Rio Claro - SP: desafios e perspectivas na garantia do direito à educação

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

The identification of the pillars of education in the class comprehensiveness in healthcare

The objective of the present study was to verify, based on the analysis of student portfolio narratives, if the four pillars of education were approached in the class "Comprehensiveness in health care", part of the integrated curriculum of the Baccalaureate in Nursing Program of the University of Sao Paulo at Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing. A qualitative, documental study was performed using 46 portfolios constructed during the classes. Data collection was performed using an assessment tool that contained items addressing cognitive and affective dimensions. The data were submitted to thematic categorical analysis using the pillars of education as predefined categories. The results show that the pillars of education were, apparently, included in the class. Despite the present study findings, no evidence was found that the expected competencies were actually discussed among students and faculty, according to the records regarding the evaluations of each pedagogical cycle of the studied class.

The informal market of education in Egypt: Private tutoring and its implications /// Arbeitspapiere / Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien ; 88

Education is generally perceived as a public good which should be provided by the state. In Egypt, free and equal access to education has been guaranteed to all citizens since President Nasser’s socialist reforms in the 1950s. However, due to high population growth rates and a lack of financial resources, the public education system has been struggling to accommodate rapidly increasing numbers of students. While enrolment rates have risen steadily, the quality of state-provided services has deteriorated. Teachers and students have to cope with high class densities, insufficient facilities, a rigid syllabus and a centralized examination system. Today, teaching is among the lowest-paying occupations in the public sector. One strategy to cope with this situation is the widespread practice of private tutoring, which usually takes place at students’ homes or in commercial tutoring centers. Based on research carried out in Cairo in 2004/05 and 2006, I use an actor-centered approach to analyze the motivations of Egyptian teachers and students for participating in private tutoring and the impact that this practice has on the relationship between teachers and students. Students of all socio-economic backgrounds resort to tutoring in order to succeed in a highly competitive and exam-oriented education system. However, the form and quality of tutoring that can be accessed depends on the financial means of the family. For teachers, tutoring provides a good opportunity not only to supplement their income, but also, in the case of renowned “star teachers”, to improve their professional status and autonomy. On the informal “market of education” that has developed in Egypt during the last decades, the educational responsibilities of the state are increasingly being taken over by private actors, i.e. the process of teaching and learning is dissociated from the direct control of the state and from school as an institution. At the same time, education is turned into a marketable commodity. Despite the government’s efforts to provide free education to all citizens, the quality of social services that can be accessed in Egypt, thus, depends mainly on the financial means of the individual or the family.

Can level of education, accreditation and use of databases in cardiac rehabilitation be improved? Results from the European Cardiac Rehabilitation Inventory Survey

Professional skills, education and accreditation, along with clinical outcome assessment, are considered important factors to achieve comprehensive delivery and quality of cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This study assessed professional educational programmes, accreditation and use of databases in CR across the European countries.