556 resultados para Magneto-aerodynamics


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L' objectiu d' aquest estudi és intentar millorar l' aerodinàmica de la nova carrosseria del vehicle de baix consum de la UdG,l' Àliga, a través de programes informàtics de CFD.Des de fa uns anys l' Escola Politècnica Superior de la Universitat de Girona participa a l' Eco Shell Marathon, mirant d' assolir els millors resultats possibles.El nom del vehicle utilitzat per aquesta carrera és l' Àliga.Aquest projecte parteix dels resultats obtinguts al Projece fi de carrera d' en Daniel Vilavedra Vilà (2006):"Redisseny aerodinàmic de la carrosseria del vehicle de baix consum Àliga"

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La infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humano (VIH) y el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia adquirida (SIDA) afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo, y constituye una amenaza a la salud y la vida de muchas otras más, sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo. Existe un gran interés en el desarrollo de nuevas metodologías analíticas para el diagnóstico de dicha enfermedad de forma rápida, económica y fuera del ámbito del laboratorio por personal no especializado. Los biosensores son dispositivos ideales para cubrir esta demanda analítica facilitando la toma de decisiones y permitiendo un uso racional de técnicas analíticas confirmatorias más costosas. Se plantea el diseño de una estrategia magneto-ELISA con detección óptica así como un dispositivo magneto biosensor electroquímico para el diagnóstico de SIDA a través del recuento de células marcadoras de la enfermedad presentes en la sangre. Ambas estrategias se basan en la captura inmunomagnética de linfocitos T CD4+ con partículas magnéticas modificadas con anticuerpos monoclonales específicos (anti-CD3). La detección de las células capturadas se realiza con un anticuerpo primario anti-CD4 marcado con biotina (antiCD4-biotina) y con un conjugado de estreptavidina y de la enzima HRP (peroxidasa de rábano picante). La unión de esta enzima al anticuerpo primario se realiza a través del complejo biotina/estreptavidina. Se proponen dos tipos de sistemas de detección: óptico y electroquímico. Esto se logra mediante la elección adecuada del sustrato para cada sistema planteado. El dispositivo biosensor basados en un transductor electroquímico renovable y magnético acoplado a partículas magnéticas específicas para las células marcadoras de la enfermedad, consigue la simplificación metodológica y facilita la transferencia de la tecnología hacia la fabricación de un biokit diagnóstico en el ámbito clínico. La potencial aplicación de los dispositivos analíticos propuestos en este trabajo tienen un interés social elevado por su idoneidad para realizar análisis, rápidos, económicos y en el ámbito de la propia consulta médica.

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We report on the magneto-optical measurements of an epitaxial SrRuO3 film grown on SrTiO3 (0 0 1), which previously was determined to be single domain orientated by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Our experiments reveal a large Kerr rotation, which reaches a maximum value of about 0.5° at low temperature. By measuring magnetic hysteresis loops at different temperatures, we determined the temperature dependence of the Kerr rotation in the polar configuration. Values of the anisotropic magnetoresistance ~ 20% have been measured. These values are remarkably higher than those of other metallic oxides such as manganites. This striking difference can be attributed to the strong spin-orbit interaction of the Ru 4d ion in the SrRuO3 compound.

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The magnetic-field dependence of the magnetization of cylinders, disks, and spheres of pure type-I superconducting lead was investigated by means of isothermal measurements of first magnetization curves and hysteresis cycles. Depending on the geometry of the sample and the direction and intensity of the applied magnetic field, the intermediate state exhibits different irreversible features that become particularly highlighted in minor hysteresis cycles. The irreversibility is noticeably observed in cylinders and disks only when the magnetic field is parallel to the axis of revolution and is very subtle in spheres. When the magnetic field decreases from the normal state, the irreversibility appears at a temperature-dependent value whose distance to the thermodynamic critical field depends on the sample geometry. The irreversible features in the disks are altered when they are submitted to an annealing process. These results agree well with very recent high-resolution magneto-optical experiments in similar materials that were interpreted in terms of transitions between different topological structures for the flux configuration in the intermediate state. A discussion of the relative role of geometrical barriers for flux entry and exit and pinning effects as responsible for the magnetic irreversibility is given.

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Asymmetric magnetization reversal is an unusual phenomenon in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet (AF/FM) exchange biased bilayers. We investigated this phenomenon in a simple model system experimentally and by simulation assuming inhomogeneously distributed interfacial AF moments. The results suggest that the observed asymmetry originates from the intrinsic broken symmetry of the system, which results in local incomplete domain walls parallel to the interface in reversal to negative saturation of the FM. The magneto-optical Kerr effect unambiguously confirms such an asymmetric reversal and a depth-dependent FM domain wall in accord with the magnetometry and simulations.

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Estudi de l’eficiència aerodinàmica de les carrosseries de vehicles pesants de cara a reduir el consum de combustible en autocars de llarg trajecte. L’estudi es basa en tres aspectes: validació del programa de simulació, estudi aerodinàmic de diferents carrosseries d’autocar de mercat i estudi aerodinàmic de diferents complements

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Investigacions recents revelen com l’acció del vent lateral és un efecte molt important en bona part dels accidents ocorreguts en vehicles pesants de transport per carretera. És per això que el perfil aerodinàmic del vehicle esdevé determinant en l’avaluació de les forces laterals que hi actuen.El present projecte té per objecte determinar les forces laterals que s’exerceixen en vehicles pesants de transport de passatgers degut a l’acció del vent i investigar-ne la seva perillositat. Per fer-ho s’utilitzen models numèrics de dinàmica de fluids i, per diferents velocitats del vehicle, es simulen vents amb diferent intensitat i direcció. D’aquí es determinen unes condicions de perillositat en funció, entre d’altres variables, de l’angle d’incidència del vent i de la seva velocitat

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El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio y la elaboración de una propuesta de conservación de las bandassismográficas en papel ahumado de los primeros sismógrafos que se conservan en el Observatorio Fabra. Las bandas sismográficas son registros gráficosen soporte de papel en los que los sismógrafos dejan grabados los movimientos terrestres. Existen tres métodos para obtener las gráficas de los seísmos: el llamado mecánico, el magneto-fotográfico y el fotográfico. En todos estos sistemas, el registro se realiza sobre una banda de papel que se coloca sobre un cilindro giratorio que da como resultadoun trazado. Si se produce un sismo, quedarepresentado en una gráfica de intensidades.Normalmente en los registros mecánicos labanda es de papel blanco y se emplean tintas de anilinas; pero también pueden ser de papel blanco recubierto por una fina capa de negro de humo que se arranca al paso de un sensor muy fino en forma de punta, normalmente de vidrio, que deja una marca en blanco (Figura 1). En cambio, en los registros ópticos o fotográficos, los trazos quedan reflejados en papel fotográfico ordinario...

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El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio y la elaboración de una propuesta de conservación de las bandassismográficas en papel ahumado de los primeros sismógrafos que se conservan en el Observatorio Fabra. Las bandas sismográficas son registros gráficosen soporte de papel en los que los sismógrafos dejan grabados los movimientos terrestres. Existen tres métodos para obtener las gráficas de los seísmos: el llamado mecánico, el magneto-fotográfico y el fotográfico. En todos estos sistemas, el registro se realiza sobre una banda de papel que se coloca sobre un cilindro giratorio que da como resultadoun trazado. Si se produce un sismo, quedarepresentado en una gráfica de intensidades.Normalmente en los registros mecánicos labanda es de papel blanco y se emplean tintas de anilinas; pero también pueden ser de papel blanco recubierto por una fina capa de negro de humo que se arranca al paso de un sensor muy fino en forma de punta, normalmente de vidrio, que deja una marca en blanco (Figura 1). En cambio, en los registros ópticos o fotográficos, los trazos quedan reflejados en papel fotográfico ordinario...

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Aquest projecte té com a objectiu la simulació numérica de la carrosseria d’ un vehicle de curses de muntanya de categoria CM

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Asevaikutusta laukaisusta kohteeseen simuloiva integroitu laskentaketju koostuu sisä-, ulko- ja maaliballistiikan malleista. Ulkoballistiikka kattaa laskentamallit radanlaskennan, sääkorjauksen ja ammusaerodynamiikan alueilla. Graafisella käyttöliittymällä toteutetulla, fysikaalisesti tarkkaan mallinnukseen perustuvalla ja kokonaisuuden kattavalla laskentajärjestelmällä on kasvavaa tarvetta teknisiä ja koulutuksellisia tarkoituksia varten. Erikoisesti, jos laskentaketjuun lisätään räjähdysvaikutuksen mallintaminen, voidaan simuloida asejärjestelmien vaikutusta kohteessa käyttäjien arvostamalla tavalla. Tietointensiiviset ballistiikan laskentamallit ovat välttämättömiä työkaluja teknisen suunnitteluosaamisen kattamiseksi ja kilpailuedun luomiseksi verkostoituneessa yritysympäristössä. Yliopistotutkimuksen tuottamien laskennallisten menetelmien hyötykäyttö yritysten suunnittelujärjestelmissä syventää teknistä osaamista, jolla on myös henkilöstöä motivoiva vaikutus teknisesti vaikeutuvilla markkinoilla. Työssä arvioidaan toimialaa analysoimalla eri käyttötarpeita samoille tietokantoihin tukeutuville laskentamalleille. Tarkastellaan teknisiä perusteita, käyttöympäristöjä ja markkinoita liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien tunnistamiseksi. Työn tuloksena syvennetään näkemystä ydinosaamisista ja visioidaan liikeidean erottumista kilpailijoista, markkinoita ja sen kehittämistä.

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The aim of the present work is to study the noise and vibration damping capacity of ferromagnetic Fe-16%Cr base alloys (before and after heat treatment) with different Al and Mo contents. The noise damping was evaluated by the level of sound emission after an impact. The vibration damping was studied using a cantilever device. In addition to these tests, the magnetic structure of the materials was also investigated by Kerr effect. It was verified that the materials can decrease noise level in the frequency range of human earring. The vibration damping is influenced by heat treatment and chemical composition of the alloy. The improvement of vibration damping after heat treatment is ascribed to the decrease of internal stresses in materials and changes in magnetic domain structures.

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The mathematical model for two-dimensional unsteady sonic flow, based on the classical diffusion equation with imaginary coefficient, is presented and discussed. The main purpose is to develop a rigorous formulation in order to bring into light the correspondence between the sonic, supersonic and subsonic panel method theory. Source and doublet integrals are obtained and Laplace transformation demonstrates that, in fact, the source integral is the solution of the doublet integral equation. It is shown that the doublet-only formulation reduces to a Volterra integral equation of the first kind and a numerical method is proposed in order to solve it. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported solution to the unsteady sonic thin airfoil problem through the use of doublet singularities. Comparisons with the source-only formulation are shown for the problem of a flat plate in combined harmonic heaving and pitching motion.

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Non-linear functional representation of the aerodynamic response provides a convenient mathematical model for motion-induced unsteady transonic aerodynamic loads response, that accounts for both complex non-linearities and time-history effects. A recent development, based on functional approximation theory, has established a novel functional form; namely, the multi-layer functional. For a large class of non-linear dynamic systems, such multi-layer functional representations can be realised via finite impulse response (FIR) neural networks. Identification of an appropriate FIR neural network model is facilitated by means of a supervised training process in which a limited sample of system input-output data sets is presented to the temporal neural network. The present work describes a procedure for the systematic identification of parameterised neural network models of motion-induced unsteady transonic aerodynamic loads response. The training process is based on a conventional genetic algorithm to optimise the network architecture, combined with a simplified random search algorithm to update weight and bias values. Application of the scheme to representative transonic aerodynamic loads response data for a bidimensional airfoil executing finite-amplitude motion in transonic flow is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. The approach is shown to furnish a satisfactory generalisation property to different motion histories over a range of Mach numbers in the transonic regime.

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In this work, Sr2FeMoO6 (SFMO) thin films were studied with the main focus on their magnetic and magneto-transport properties. The fabrication process of pulsed laser deposited SFMO films was first optimized. Then the effects of strain, film thickness and substrate were thoroughly investigated. In addition to these external factors, the effect of intrinsic defects on the magnetic properties of SFMO were also clarified. Secondly, the magnetoresistivity mechanims of SFMO films were studied and a semiempirical model of the temperature dependence of resistivity was introduced. The films were grown on single crystal substrates using a ceramic target made with sol-gel method. The structural characterization of the films were carried out with X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy. The magnetic properties were measured with SQUID magnetometer and the magneto-transport properties by magnetometer with a resistivity option. SFMO films with the best combination of structural and magnetic properties were grown in Ar atmosphere at 1050 °C . Their magnetic properties could not be improved by the ex situ post-annealing treatments aside from the treatments in ultra-high vacuum conditions. The optimal film thickness was found to be around 150 nm and only small improvement in the magnetic properties with decreasing strain was observed. Instead, the magnetic properties were observed to be highly dependent on the choice of the substrate due to the lattice mismatch induced defects, which are best avoided by using the SrTiO3 substrate. The large difference in the Curie temperature and the saturation magnetization between the SFMO thin film and polycrystalline bulk samples was connected to the antisite disorder and oxygen vacancies. Thus, the Curie temperature of SFMO thin films could be improved by increasing the amount of oxygen vacancies for example with ultra-high vacuum treatments or improving the B-site ordering by further optimization of the deposition parameters. The magneto-transport properties of SFMO thin films do not follow any conventional models, but the temperature dependence of resistivity was succesfully described with a model of two spin channel system. Also, evidences that the resistivity-temperature behaviour of SFMO thin films is dominated by the structural defects, which reduce the band gap in the majority spin band were found. Moreover, the magnetic field response of the resistivity in SFMO thin films were found to be superposition of different mechanisms that seems to be related to the structural changes in the film.