Faecal pellet production of copepoda collected in water depth up to 30 meters in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in Oktober 2008 during SES_GR2

Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the Black sea water body mass layer in the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside several glass beaker of 250 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and with a 100 µm net placed 1 cm above the beaker bottom. Beakers are then placed in an incubator at natural light and maintaining the in situ temperature. After 1 hour pellets are separated from animals and placed in separated flasks and preserved with formalin. Pellets are counted and measured using an inverted microscope. Animals are scanned and counted using an image analysis system. Carbon- Specific faecal pellet production is calculated from a) faecal pellet production, b) individual carbon: Animals are scanned and their body area is measured using an image analysis system. Body volume is then calculated as an ellipsoid using the major and minor axis of an ellipse of same area as the body. Individual carbon is calculated from a carbon- total body volume of organisms (relationship obtained for the Mediterranean Sea by Alcaraz et al. (2003) divided by the total number of individuals scanned and c) faecal pellet carbon: Faecal pellet length and width is measured using an inverted microscope. Faecal pellet volume is calculated from length and width assuming cylindrical shape. Conversion of faecal pellet volume to carbon is done using values obtained in the Mediterranean from: a) faecal pellet density 1,29 g cm**3 (or pg µm**3) from Komar et al. (1981); b) faecal pellet DW/WW=0,23 from Elder and Fowler (1977) and c) faecal pellet C%DW=25,5 Marty et al. (1994).

Gestão de informação : O caso das empresas participantes do programa de incubação de empresas daUniversidade Federal de Goiás

The main objective of this paper is to point out the information management strategic profile of companies participating in the program of business incubation of Universidade Federal de Goiás (PROINE-UFG). This new alignment of social network aims to promote the competitiveness of micro and small business by approaching them to the knowledge producers that, in the Brazilian case, are the universities. The strategic information aligning model, proposed by Marchand, was used as the theoretical framework. The research took the design of a case study, as it limited to study the UFG incubation program. Nine companies of PROINE-UFG were investigated. The main conclusions are that the PROINE-UFG companies have a tendency of proactivity. Nevertheless the financial and technological resources are scarce to monitor the external environment as demanded by the strategy. They use few information sources and the interaction with the university is still incipient

Gestão de informação : O caso das empresas participantes do programa de incubação de empresas daUniversidade Federal de Goiás

The main objective of this paper is to point out the information management strategic profile of companies participating in the program of business incubation of Universidade Federal de Goiás (PROINE-UFG). This new alignment of social network aims to promote the competitiveness of micro and small business by approaching them to the knowledge producers that, in the Brazilian case, are the universities. The strategic information aligning model, proposed by Marchand, was used as the theoretical framework. The research took the design of a case study, as it limited to study the UFG incubation program. Nine companies of PROINE-UFG were investigated. The main conclusions are that the PROINE-UFG companies have a tendency of proactivity. Nevertheless the financial and technological resources are scarce to monitor the external environment as demanded by the strategy. They use few information sources and the interaction with the university is still incipient

Gestão de informação : O caso das empresas participantes do programa de incubação de empresas daUniversidade Federal de Goiás

The main objective of this paper is to point out the information management strategic profile of companies participating in the program of business incubation of Universidade Federal de Goiás (PROINE-UFG). This new alignment of social network aims to promote the competitiveness of micro and small business by approaching them to the knowledge producers that, in the Brazilian case, are the universities. The strategic information aligning model, proposed by Marchand, was used as the theoretical framework. The research took the design of a case study, as it limited to study the UFG incubation program. Nine companies of PROINE-UFG were investigated. The main conclusions are that the PROINE-UFG companies have a tendency of proactivity. Nevertheless the financial and technological resources are scarce to monitor the external environment as demanded by the strategy. They use few information sources and the interaction with the university is still incipient

Faecal pellet production of copepoda collected in water depth up to 100 meters in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in March and April 2008 during SES_GR1

The SES_UNLUATA_GR1-Mesozooplankton faecal pellet production rates dataset is based on samples taken during March and April 2008 in the Northern Libyan Sea, Southern Aegean Sea and in the North-Eastern Aegean Sea. Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the 0-100 m layer or within the Black sea water body mass layer in the case of the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside several glass beaker of 250 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and with a 100 µm net placed 1 cm above the beaker bottom. Beakers are then placed in an incubator at natural light and maintaining the in situ temperature. After 1 hour pellets are separated from animals and placed in separated flasks and preserved with formalin. Pellets and are counted and measured using an inverted microscope. Animals are scanned and counted using an image analysis system. Carbon- Specific faecal pellet production is calculated from a) faecal pellet production, b) individual carbon: Animals are scanned and their body area is measured using an image analysis system. Body volume is then calculated as an ellipsoid using the major and minor axis of an ellipse of same area as the body. Individual carbon is calculated from a carbon- total body volume of organisms (relationship obtained for the Mediterranean Sea by Alcaraz et al. (2003) divided by the total number of individuals scanned and c) faecal pellet carbon: Faecal pellet length and width is measured using an inverted microscope. Faecal pellet volume is calculated from length and width assuming cylindrical shape. Conversion of faecal pellet volume to carbon is done using values obtained in the Mediterranean from: a) faecal pellet density 1,29 g cm**3 (or pg µm**3) from Komar et al. (1981); b) faecal pellet DW/WW=0,23 from Elder and Fowler (1977) and c) faecal pellet C%DW=25,5 Marty et al. (1994).

Faecal pellet production of copepoda collected at different water depth in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during SES_GR2

The SES_GR2-Mesozooplankton faecal pellet production rates dataset is based on samples taken during August and September 2008 in the Northern Libyan Sea, Southern Aegean Sea and the North-Eastern Aegean Sea. Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the 0-100 m layer or within the Black sea water body mass layer in the case of the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside several glass beaker of 250 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and with a 100 µm net placed 1 cm above the beaker bottom. Beakers are then placed in an incubator at natural light and maintaining the in situ temperature. After 1 hour pellets are separated from animals and placed in separated flasks and preserved with formalin. Pellets are counted and measured using an inverted microscope. Animals are scanned and counted using an image analysis system. Carbon- Specific faecal pellet production is calculated from a) faecal pellet production, b) individual carbon: Animals are scanned and their body area is measured using an image analysis system. Body volume is then calculated as an ellipsoid using the major and minor axis of an ellipse of same area as the body. Individual carbon is calculated from a carbon- total body volume of organisms (relationship obtained for the Mediterranean Sea by Alcaraz et al. (2003) divided by the total number of individuals scanned and c) faecal pellet carbon: Faecal pellet length and width is measured using an inverted microscope. Faecal pellet volume is calculated from length and width assuming cylindrical shape. Conversion of faecal pellet volume to carbon is done using values obtained in the Mediterranean from: a) faecal pellet density 1,29 g cm**3 (or pg µm**3) from Komar et al. (1981); b) faecal pellet DW/WW=0,23 from Elder and Fowler (1977) and c) faecal pellet C%DW=25,5 Marty et al. (1994).

Faecal pellet production of copepoda collected in water depth up to 20 meters in the eastern Mediterranean Sea in March and April 2008 during SES_GR1

The SES_GR1-Mesozooplankton faecal pellet production rates dataset is based on samples taken during April 2008 in the North-Eastern Aegean Sea. Mesozooplankton is collected by vertical tows within the Black sea water body mass layer in the NE Aegean, using a WP-2 200 µm net equipped with a large non-filtering cod-end (10 l). Macrozooplankton organisms are removed using a 2000 µm net. A few unsorted animals (approximately 100) are placed inside several glass beaker of 250 ml filled with GF/F or 0.2 µm Nucleopore filtered seawater and with a 100 µm net placed 1 cm above the beaker bottom. Beakers are then placed in an incubator at natural light and maintaining the in situ temperature. After 1 hour pellets are separated from animals and placed in separated flasks and preserved with formalin. Pellets are counted and measured using an inverted microscope. Animals are scanned and counted using an image analysis system. Carbon- Specific faecal pellet production is calculated from a) faecal pellet production, b) individual carbon: Animals are scanned and their body area is measured using an image analysis system. Body volume is then calculated as an ellipsoid using the major and minor axis of an ellipse of same area as the body. Individual carbon is calculated from a carbon- total body volume of organisms (relationship obtained for the Mediterranean Sea by Alcaraz et al. (2003) divided by the total number of individuals scanned and c) faecal pellet carbon: Faecal pellet length and width is measured using an inverted microscope. Faecal pellet volume is calculated from length and width assuming cylindrical shape. Conversion of faecal pellet volume to carbon is done using values obtained in the Mediterranean from: a) faecal pellet density 1,29 g cm**3 (or pg µm**3) from Komar et al. (1981); b) faecal pellet DW/WW=0,23 from Elder and Fowler (1977) and c) faecal pellet C%DW=25,5 Marty et al. (1994).

Respiration rates of tropical Atlantic copepods from the Cape Verde Islands

Copepods were sampled at two sampling sites off the island of São Vicente, Cape Verde Archipelago, in spring (March/April) and early summer (May/June) of 2010. The two sampling sites were located in Mindelo Bay (16.90N, 25.01W; bottom depth 22 m) and around 8 km off the town of São Pedro (16.77N, 25.12W; bottom depth 800 m). Samples were collected on board the local fishing vessel 'Sinagoga' using a WP-2 net (Hydrobios, 0.26 m**2 mouth opening, 200 µm mesh size). The net was either applied as a driftnet, drifting for 10 min in 22 to 0 m depth below the surface, or it was towed vertically with a towing speed of 0.5 m/s**1. For stratified sampling, the net was deployed in repetitive hauls from 560 to 210 m, from 210 to 80 m, and from 80 to 0 m in March/April and from 600 to 300 m, 300 to 100 m, and 100 to 0 m in May/June. Additional depth-integrated hauls were conducted from 600-0 m or 500-0 m during both field campaigns. Respiration rates of epi- and mesopelagic calanoid copepods were measured in the land-based laboratory at the Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP) in Mindelo. Oxygen consumption was measured non-invasively by optode respirometry at three different ambient temperatures (13, 18, and 23°C) with a 10-channel oxygen respirometer (Oxy-10 Mini, PreSens Precision Sensing GmbH, Regensburg, Germany). All experiments were run in darkness in temperature-controlled incubators (LMS Cooled Incubator Series 1A, Model 280) equipped with water baths to ensure constant temperatures throughout the experiments, tolerating a variation of ±1°C.

Planktological-chemical observation during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) with RV "Meteor" in 1964/65

The present volume contains the planktological data collected during the expedition of the "Meteor" to the Indian Ocean in 1964/65. It was the main objective of the expedition to study the up- and downwelling conditioned along the western and eastern coasts of the Arabian Sea by the northeastern monsoon. It is from these areas that the greater part of the data here presented was obtained. A few values from the Red Sea have been added. As the title "Planktological-Chemical Data" implies, it was chiefly with the help of chemical methods that the planktological investigations, with the exception of the particle size analysis and phytoplankton counting conducted optically, were carried out. These investigations were above all devoted to a quantitative survey of particulate matter and plankton, the latter being sampled by water-bottle and net. The zooplankton hauls were taken with the Indian Ocean Standard Net according to the international guidelines laid down for the expedition. As a rule, double catches were made at every station, one sample being intended for laboratory analysis at the Indian Ocean Biological Centre in Ernakulam, South India, and the other for the Institut für Meereskunde in Kiel. In addition to determining the standing stock, the production rate of phytoplankton was measured by the 14C method. These experiments were mainly conducted during the latter half of the expedition. The planktological studies primarily covered the euphotic zone, extending into the underlying water layers up to a depth of 600 m. The investigations were above all directed towards ascertaining the quantity of organic substance, formed by primary production, in its relation to environmental conditions and determining whether or not organic substance is actively transported from the surface into the deeper layers by the periodically migration organisms of the deep scattering layers. Depending on the station time available, a few samples could now and then be taken from deeper layers. The present volume of planktological-chemical data addresses itself to all those concerned processing the extensive material collected during the International Indian Ocean Expedition. As a readily accessible work of reference, it hopes to serve as an aid in the evaluation and interpretation of the expedition results. The complementary ecological data such as temperature, salinity, and oxygen content as well as the figures obtained on abundance and distribution in depth of the nutrients essential for primary production may be found in the volume of physical-chemical data published in Series A of the "Meteor"-Forschungsergebnisse No. 2, 1966 (Dietrich et al., 1966).

Semantic technologies in idea management systems: a model for interoperability, linking and filtering

Abstract Idea Management Systems are web applications that implement the notion of open innovation though crowdsourcing. Typically, organizations use those kind of systems to connect to large communities in order to gather ideas for improvement of products or services. Originating from simple suggestion boxes, Idea Management Systems advanced beyond collecting ideas and aspire to be a knowledge management solution capable to select best ideas via collaborative as well as expert assessment methods. In practice, however, the contemporary systems still face a number of problems usually related to information overflow and recognizing questionable quality of submissions with reasonable time and effort allocation. This thesis focuses on idea assessment problem area and contributes a number of solutions that allow to filter, compare and evaluate ideas submitted into an Idea Management System. With respect to Idea Management System interoperability the thesis proposes theoretical model of Idea Life Cycle and formalizes it as the Gi2MO ontology which enables to go beyond the boundaries of a single system to compare and assess innovation in an organization wide or market wide context. Furthermore, based on the ontology, the thesis builds a number of solutions for improving idea assessment via: community opinion analysis (MARL), annotation of idea characteristics (Gi2MO Types) and study of idea relationships (Gi2MO Links). The main achievements of the thesis are: application of theoretical innovation models for practice of Idea Management to successfully recognize the differentiation between communities, opinion metrics and their recognition as a new tool for idea assessment, discovery of new relationship types between ideas and their impact on idea clustering. Finally, the thesis outcome is establishment of Gi2MO Project that serves as an incubator for Idea Management solutions and mature open-source software alternatives for the widely available commercial suites. From the academic point of view the project delivers resources to undertake experiments in the Idea Management Systems area and managed to become a forum that gathered a number of academic and industrial partners. Resumen Los Sistemas de Gestión de Ideas son aplicaciones Web que implementan el concepto de innovación abierta con técnicas de crowdsourcing. Típicamente, las organizaciones utilizan ese tipo de sistemas para conectar con comunidades grandes y así recoger ideas sobre cómo mejorar productos o servicios. Los Sistemas de Gestión de Ideas lian avanzado más allá de recoger simplemente ideas de buzones de sugerencias y ahora aspiran ser una solución de gestión de conocimiento capaz de seleccionar las mejores ideas por medio de técnicas colaborativas, así como métodos de evaluación llevados a cabo por expertos. Sin embargo, en la práctica, los sistemas contemporáneos todavía se enfrentan a una serie de problemas, que, por lo general, están relacionados con la sobrecarga de información y el reconocimiento de las ideas de dudosa calidad con la asignación de un tiempo y un esfuerzo razonables. Esta tesis se centra en el área de la evaluación de ideas y aporta una serie de soluciones que permiten filtrar, comparar y evaluar las ideas publicadas en un Sistema de Gestión de Ideas. Con respecto a la interoperabilidad de los Sistemas de Gestión de Ideas, la tesis propone un modelo teórico del Ciclo de Vida de la Idea y lo formaliza como la ontología Gi2MO que permite ir más allá de los límites de un sistema único para comparar y evaluar la innovación en un contexto amplio dentro de cualquier organización o mercado. Por otra parte, basado en la ontología, la tesis desarrolla una serie de soluciones para mejorar la evaluación de las ideas a través de: análisis de las opiniones de la comunidad (MARL), la anotación de las características de las ideas (Gi2MO Types) y el estudio de las relaciones de las ideas (Gi2MO Links). Los logros principales de la tesis son: la aplicación de los modelos teóricos de innovación para la práctica de Sistemas de Gestión de Ideas para reconocer las diferenciasentre comu¬nidades, métricas de opiniones de comunidad y su reconocimiento como una nueva herramienta para la evaluación de ideas, el descubrimiento de nuevos tipos de relaciones entre ideas y su impacto en la agrupación de estas. Por último, el resultado de tesis es el establecimiento de proyecto Gi2MO que sirve como incubadora de soluciones para Gestión de Ideas y herramientas de código abierto ya maduras como alternativas a otros sistemas comerciales. Desde el punto de vista académico, el proyecto ha provisto de recursos a ciertos experimentos en el área de Sistemas de Gestión de Ideas y logró convertirse en un foro que reunión para un número de socios tanto académicos como industriales.

Infotechnology:new social forms, digital noometamorphosis and noomorphosis

The amazing evolution of technology, ruled by information, is an incubator where, to give several specific examples, we have witnessed the birth and development of electronic mail, medical tele-assistance and e-learning, as well as various forms of cyberspatial communication,such as the immensely popular social networks and blogs.

Aplicación de la energía solar térmica en una incubadora comercial de perdiz roja y supervisión de la actividad biológica mediante sensores inteligentes

La perdiz roja es la especie cinegética por excelencia en la península ibérica, cuya cría en cautividad y suelta controlada comenzó a regularse en los años 70 con la aparición del ICONA. La incubación controlada de huevos de perdiz es imprescindible, con fines cinegéticos y de preservación de la especie, y se desarrolla con incubadoras comerciales de pequeña y mediana escala, distribuidas en zonas rurales con acceso limitado y/o deficiente al suministro eléctrico. En nuestras latitudes el aporte de energía solar térmica se perfila como una posibilidad de mejorar la eficiencia energética de éstas y otras instalaciones y de reducir la dependencia energética exterior. Hay diversos factores físico-químicos que influyen en la calidad de la incubación: temperatura, humedad relativa, y concentración de gases, de los cuales sólo los dos primeros son habitualmente supervisados y controlados en este tipo de incubadoras. Esta Tesis surge en el marco de dos proyectos de cooperación con la AECID, y tiene como objetivos: la caracterización espacial de variables relevantes (temperatura (T), humedad relativa (HR)) en la incubadora comercial durante el proceso de incubación, la determinación de la relación existente entre la evolución de variables ambientales durante el proceso de incubación y la tasa de nacimientos (35-77%), así como el diseño y evaluación del sistema de apoyo solar térmico para determinar su potencial de utilización durante las incubaciones comerciales. La instalación de un número limitado de sensores permite la monitorización precisa del proceso de incubación de los huevos. Los resultados más relevantes indican que en incubaciones comerciales los gradientes de T y HR han sido despreciables (1ºC de diferencia entre las posiciones con mayor y menor T media y un 4,5% de diferencia entre las posiciones con mayor y menor HR), mientras que el seguimiento y ajuste (mediante modelos de crecimiento) de la concentración de CO2 (r2 entre 0,948 y 0,987 en las 5 incubaciones, para un total de 43315 huevos) permite valorar la actividad fisiológica de los huevos e incluso predecir la tasa de éxito (nacimientos), basándose en la concentración de CO2 estimada mediante modelos de crecimiento en el día 20 de incubación (r2 entre 0,997 y 0,994 según el modelo de estimación empleado). El sistema ha sido valorado muy positivamente por los productores (Finca Cinegética Dehesa Vieja de Galapagar). El aporte térmico se ha diseñado (con mínima intrusión en el sistema comercial) sobre la base de un sistema de enfriamiento de emergencia original de la incubadora, al que se han incorporado un colector solar, un depósito, un sistema de electroválvulas, una bomba de circulación y sensores de T en distintos puntos del sistema, y cuyo control ha sido automatizado. En esta Tesis se muestra que la contribución solar puede aportar hasta un 42% de las demandas de energía en nuestras condiciones geográficas para una temperatura de consigna dentro de la incubadora de 36.8ºC, sin afectar a la estabilidad de la temperatura. Además, el rendimiento del colector solar se ha acotado entre un 44% y un 85%, de acuerdo con los cálculos termodinámicos; valores que se mantienen dentro del rango aportado por el fabricante (61%). En el futuro se plantea evaluar el efecto de distintas estrategias de control, tales como controladores difusos, que incorporan el conocimiento experto al control automático. ABSTRACT The partridge is the quintessential game species in the Iberian Peninsula, which controlled breeding and release, began to be regulated in the 70s with the emergence of ICONA. The controlled incubation of eggs is essential, and takes place in commercial incubators of small and medium scale, distributed in rural areas with limited and/or inadequate access to power. In our latitudes the contribution of solar thermal energy is emerging as a possibility to improve the energy efficiency of the facilities and to reduce external energy dependence. There are various physicochemical factors influencing the quality of incubation: temperature, relative humidity and concentration of gases, of which only the first two are typically monitored and controlled in such incubators. This PhD comes within the framework of two cooperation projects with AECID and aims: the spatial characterization of relevant variables in a commercial incubator (temperature (T), and relative humidity (HR)), determining the relationships in the changes in environmental variables during incubation and birth rates (35-77%) as well as the design and evaluation of solar thermal support system to determine its potential use during commercial incubations; the installation of a limited number of sensors has allowed accurate monitoring of incubation of eggs. The most relevant results indicate that in commercial incubations, the gradients in T and HR have been negligible (1°C difference between the highest and lowest positions T and average 4.5% difference between the highest and lowest positions HR), while monitoring and fit using growth models of the concentration of CO2 (r2 between 0.948 and 0.987 in 5 incubations, for a total amount of 43,315 eggs) allows assessing the physiological activity of the eggs and even predict the success rate (hatchability), based on the estimated concentration of CO2 by using growth models on day 20 of incubation (r2 between 0.997 and 0.994 depending on the fit model).The system has been highly valued by producers (Finca Cinegética Dehesa Vieja de Galapagar). The hybrid heat system is designed (with minimal intrusion into the commercial system) based on an emergency cooling device, original in the incubator. New elements have been incorporated: a solar collector, a tank, a system of solenoid valves, a circulating pump and T sensors at various points of the system, whose control has been automated. This PhD shows that the solar contribution is responsible for up to 42% of energy demands in our geographical conditions for a setpoint temperature inside the incubator of 36.8ºC, without questioning the stability of the temperature. Furthermore, the efficiency of the solar collector has been bounded between 44% and 85%, according to thermodynamic calculations; values remain within the range provided by the manufacturer (61%). In the future it is proposed to evaluate the effect of different control strategies, such as fuzzy controllers, which incorporate the expertise to automated control.

A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE INCUBADORAS DE EMPRESAS: ESTUDO DE CASO DE UMA CIDADE DO INTERIOR PAULISTA

A pesquisa trata do estudo da implantação de uma incubadora de empresas no município de Santana de Parnaíba em 2005. Duas perguntas estruturaram a investigação: Quais fatores ou indicadores econômicos e sociais, conforme previsto no Programa Nacional de Apoio à Implantação de Incubadoras de Empresas, se evidenciaram como viabilizadores, ou não, para a escolha do tipo de incubadora implantada no município? A incubadora de Santana de Parnaíba configurou-se ou não como espaço articulado de desenvolvimento econômico e social? Essas questões norteadoras determinaram o objetivo geral do estudo e os objetivos específicos, quais foram: investigar se houve ou não a aplicação do Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica e Econômica/SEBRAE; levantar o perfil socioeconômico do empreendedor local e, identificar o perfil das empresas graduadas quanto à geração de postos de trabalho. Para atender aos objetivos optou-se pela realização de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo. A estratégia da observação participante foi seguida a partir da consulta aos diários de campo e às fontes primárias e secundárias, com a leitura e consulta de documentos e registros da implantação nos arquivos da FIESP. Como parte da estratégia de coleta de dados foi aplicado, junto ao universo da pesquisa, empreendedores e coordenador executivo do Programa de Incubadoras da FIESP, roteiro semiestruturado de questões. As informações foram analisadas mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo, seguindo a metodologia do Estudo de Caso. Serviu de motivo condutor a constatação de que a notável evolução de tecnologias propiciada pelo sistema capitalista, o avanço dos processos produtivos e o aumento da produtividade nas grandes corporações ocorreram e continuam ocorrendo em ritmo sensivelmente superior à dinâmica de capacitação e qualificação da mão de obra em países em desenvolvimento, o que faz crescer o desemprego e a informalidade. A recente crise americana, em 2008, configura a oportunidade para melhor compreensão do conceito de incubadoras de empresas e demais empreendimentos solidários. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que todos os empreendedores receberam informações de marketing e finanças. O apoio de consultorias especializadas, a participação em feiras e o desenvolvimento do plano de negó cios ao longo da incubação contemplaram as expectativas dos empreendimentos de tecnologia difundida. A pesquisa indica que, nos empreendimentos de base tecnológica, a incubadora não concretizou apoio efetivo às demandas por novos processos e novos produtos. Disso decorreu o atendimento deficitário às metas de geração de emprego na localidade pelas três empresas de base tecnológica instaladas na incubadora. Os resultados indicam que, apesar da significativa quantidade de documentos de conteúdo normativo que tratam da prevenção de insucessos de políticas públicas de apoio à implantação de incubadoras e ao empreendedorismo, não foi possível constatar indícios de articulação entre desenvolvimento econômico e desenvolvimento social nem de Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica e Econômica precedendo a implantação da incubadora no município estudado.(AU)

A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE INCUBADORAS DE EMPRESAS: ESTUDO DE CASO DE UMA CIDADE DO INTERIOR PAULISTA

A pesquisa trata do estudo da implantação de uma incubadora de empresas no município de Santana de Parnaíba em 2005. Duas perguntas estruturaram a investigação: Quais fatores ou indicadores econômicos e sociais, conforme previsto no Programa Nacional de Apoio à Implantação de Incubadoras de Empresas, se evidenciaram como viabilizadores, ou não, para a escolha do tipo de incubadora implantada no município? A incubadora de Santana de Parnaíba configurou-se ou não como espaço articulado de desenvolvimento econômico e social? Essas questões norteadoras determinaram o objetivo geral do estudo e os objetivos específicos, quais foram: investigar se houve ou não a aplicação do Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica e Econômica/SEBRAE; levantar o perfil socioeconômico do empreendedor local e, identificar o perfil das empresas graduadas quanto à geração de postos de trabalho. Para atender aos objetivos optou-se pela realização de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório e descritivo. A estratégia da observação participante foi seguida a partir da consulta aos diários de campo e às fontes primárias e secundárias, com a leitura e consulta de documentos e registros da implantação nos arquivos da FIESP. Como parte da estratégia de coleta de dados foi aplicado, junto ao universo da pesquisa, empreendedores e coordenador executivo do Programa de Incubadoras da FIESP, roteiro semiestruturado de questões. As informações foram analisadas mediante a técnica de análise de conteúdo, seguindo a metodologia do Estudo de Caso. Serviu de motivo condutor a constatação de que a notável evolução de tecnologias propiciada pelo sistema capitalista, o avanço dos processos produtivos e o aumento da produtividade nas grandes corporações ocorreram e continuam ocorrendo em ritmo sensivelmente superior à dinâmica de capacitação e qualificação da mão de obra em países em desenvolvimento, o que faz crescer o desemprego e a informalidade. A recente crise americana, em 2008, configura a oportunidade para melhor compreensão do conceito de incubadoras de empresas e demais empreendimentos solidários. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que todos os empreendedores receberam informações de marketing e finanças. O apoio de consultorias especializadas, a participação em feiras e o desenvolvimento do plano de negó cios ao longo da incubação contemplaram as expectativas dos empreendimentos de tecnologia difundida. A pesquisa indica que, nos empreendimentos de base tecnológica, a incubadora não concretizou apoio efetivo às demandas por novos processos e novos produtos. Disso decorreu o atendimento deficitário às metas de geração de emprego na localidade pelas três empresas de base tecnológica instaladas na incubadora. Os resultados indicam que, apesar da significativa quantidade de documentos de conteúdo normativo que tratam da prevenção de insucessos de políticas públicas de apoio à implantação de incubadoras e ao empreendedorismo, não foi possível constatar indícios de articulação entre desenvolvimento econômico e desenvolvimento social nem de Estudo de Viabilidade Técnica e Econômica precedendo a implantação da incubadora no município estudado.(AU)

Caracterização dos processos de manutenção em equipamentos eletromédicos hospitalares

Atualmente existe uma gama considerável de procedimentos assistenciais de saúde os quais, seja por cultura, ou por exigências legais, só podem ser realizados com aporte tecnológico. Logo reduzir o tempo de parada de um equipamento médico está diretamente associado à viabilização da assistência necessária ao paciente. Em outras palavras, prestar uma manutenção otimizada representa qualidade na prestação de serviço da unidade assistencial de saúde, podendo em alguns casos, até, evitar a morte do paciente. Para isso é muito importante que os defeitos sejam reconhecidos e tratados adequadamente, não se esquecendo da otimização dos recursos financeiros. Com base nesta premissa, este trabalho propõe estabelecer uma relação dos tipos de defeitos apresentados pelos equipamentos com sua ocorrência, utilizando para tal o método de Pareto, fornecendo uma ferramenta de análise de grande utilidade na estruturação de grupos de manutenção corretiva de um serviço de engenharia clínica. Assim foram tomados como amostra quatro tipos de equipamentos que são eletrocardiógrafos, monitores cardíacos, unidades eletrocirúrgicas e incubadoras neonatais; caracterizando a existência de defeitos que podem ser classificados em baixa, média e alta complexidade de resolução, o que reflete na necessidade de ferramentas gerais ou específicas ao reparo e do nível de qualificação da equipe técnica, além do universo de componentes, partes e peças envolvidas com cada etapa de manutenção. Foram qualificados e quantificados defeitos para cada tipo de equipamentos acima, onde se constatou que nos equipamentos médico-hospitalares estudados, a maioria das paradas requisitou intervenções simples, de baixa complexidade. Ou seja, poucos defeitos foram responsáveis por muitas ordens de serviço e que o corpo técnico de manutenção pode esperar e se programar para atuar em cada um deles de acordo com o gráfico de Pareto. Desta forma o serviço de engenharia clínica pode ser direcionado para as necessidades prioritárias do estabelecimento assistencial de saúde, sendo capaz de produzir resultados com melhor custo-benefício.