A pessoa como centro do cuidado : a abordagem centrada na pessoa no processo de produção do cuidado médico em Serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde

Assumindo que uma atuação centrada na Pessoa é considerada imprescindível para um bom desempenho do médico de família e comunidade, a pesquisa apresentada nesta dissertação foi realizada objetivando identificar se estão presentes na prática os componentes que caracterizam inequivocamente o Método de Abordagem Clinica Centrada na Pessoa. O corpo da pesquisa foi constituído por médicos de família e comunidade e pessoas atendidas por eles em três das Unidades da Saúde Comunitária do Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (SSC–GHC), considerado o principal e mais qualificado centro de assistência e formação em atenção primária do Brasil, o que constitui um recorte do conjunto de serviços de atenção primária do Brasil. A pesquisa realizada é um estudo de caso, sendo os dados coletados a partir de falas de médicos de família e falas de pessoas atendidas por estes médicos, cujos depoimentos foram registrados em fitas magnetizadas de áudio e posteriormente transcritos. A seqüência do trabalho deu-se com a análise a partir de referencial teórico composto por diversos autores, utilizando-se como metodologia o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. No primeiro momento são focadas, separadamente, as falas de médicos de família e comunidade e pessoas atendidas. E num segundo momento, de conclusão, identificam-se aspectos comuns ou contraditórios nestes discursos, e ressaltam-se aqueles que podem contribuir na reflexão sobre a formação médica, do trabalho em equipe e especialmente na especialização em Medicina de Família e Comunidade.

Cálculo da eficiência na prestação de serviço usando o método de fronteira estocástica para a atividade de imunização e controle de pragas 2005-2008.

A falta de eficiência das organizações compromete no longo prazo o desenvolvimento de toda a economia. No caso do mercado de saúde ambiental, uma maior coordenação entre os programas públicos e privados aumentaria a universalização do serviço de controle de endemias para a sociedade. A falta do domínio da tecnologia (como produzir; como atender à preferência do consumidor; como obter ganho de escala; como coordenar e motivar os públicos envolvidos e como fortalecer as instituições de longo prazo) gera perdas de até 49% segundo esta estimativa. Para contribuir com a hipótese acima e para incentivar e promover a eficiência das empresas deste setor, este trabalho calcula a eficiência na prestação de serviço com o método de fronteira estocástica de produção com dados em painel (2005-2008) para a atividade de imunização e controle de pragas. A fronteira de produção retraiu-se neste período. As variáveis: idade da empresa, foco da formação do líder e meta de lucratividade mostram-se significativas para a eficiência da amostra.

Estudo da formação de trincas internas centrais em barras laminadas em aço SAE 1141

A qualidade SAE 1141 alia boas conformabilidade e usinabilidade em um mesmo aço – esta qualidade possui adição de teores de enxofre da ordem de 0,08 – 0,13% em peso. É largamente empregada no segmento de forjarias na confecção de componentes com relativa complexidade e exigência mecânica, tais como garfos e ponteiras para a indústria automotiva. Devido a esse fato, é imprescindível que a matéria-prima para a conformação destes componentes atenda às exigências impostas pelos esforços aplicados aos mesmos e, dado às solicitações que sofrem, apresente um desempenho satisfatório em sua forma final, principalmente no tocante à sanidade interna, visto que defeitos dessa natureza são extremamente deletérios à performance dos componentes conformados. Em função disso, o principal objetivo desta investigação é avaliar as causas potencialmente geradoras de defeitos denominados trincas internas centrais, as quais afetam fortemente a sanidade interna da matéria-prima, além de reduzir a sua incidência em barras de aço da qualidade SAE 1141. Para tanto, são apresentadas considerações sobre a avaliação destes defeitos, analisando-se as possíveis causas geradoras das trincas, as quais são caracterizadas sob o enfoque de bibliografia adequada. Através da realização de ensaios no lingotamento contínuo (LC) envolvendo a utilização do agitador eletromagnético final (FEMS), elaboração de curvas de ductilidade pelo emprego do simulador físico Gleeble para os materiais nas condições tarugo e barra laminada, experiências na laminação envolvendo análises de amostras após cada diferente grau de redução ou passe conferido ao material pelo processo e variação das taxas de resfriamento pós-processamento, busca-se reduzir as ocorrências destes defeitos, diminuindo conseqüentemente sucateamento e custos e melhorando o desempenho do material frente às expectativas dos componentes em serviço. A metodologia empregada para a detecção dos defeitos nas barras laminadas foi a submissão das mesmas ao ultra-som. Várias amostras tiveram os seus defeitos detectados através desse ensaio, os quais foram analisados e caracterizados previamente ao início da investigação das causas geradoras, balizando assim a tomada de decisão em relação aos experimentos a serem realizados. Os dados práticos foram obtidos na Gerdau Aços Especiais Piratini, onde a análise de defeitos internos gerados a partir do processo produtivo é um procedimento rotineiro. A interpretação dos resultados, bem como testes laboratoriais adicionais foram realizados na própria usina e no IAS – Instituto Argentino de Siderurgia. Em paralelo, realizou-se uma revisão na literatura aberta dos principais fundamentos e conceitos metalúrgicos referentes a trincas internas e causas de geração das mesmas, tais como, influência do FEMS na solidificação e na condição de segregação nos tarugos de LC, elementos de liga com caráter fragilizante e/ou deletério (por exemplo, hidrogênio, carbono, enxofre e manganês), influência das transformações de fase – velocidade de resfriamento pós-processamento e influência dos elementos de liga – na formação dos defeitos, entre outros. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a principal causa da geração das trincas internas do tipo centrais em barras laminadas está associada a uma combinação de variáveis. As transformações de fase, somadas a presença de altos teores de hidrogênio no aço – fato este de grande importância na geração dos defeitos detectado somente ao longo da realização do trabalho – fragilizam localmente o núcleo das barras, gerando trincas. Estas, por sua vez, têm a sua propagação facilitada através de cadeias ou redes de sulfeto de manganês, por vezes devido à alta incidência das mesmas nos aços da qualidade SAE 1141. Além disso, pode-se constatar que a geração dos defeitos é potencializada para barras de diâmetros superiores a 75,00 mm. Em barras de diâmetros menores, as falhas estão igualmente presentes e apresentam morfologia similar aos defeitos encontrados nas barras de maior diâmetro, porém, em escala não significativa, não sendo assim abordadas neste trabalho. Pode-se constatar ainda, que a redução da incidência dos defeitos do tipo trincas internas centrais em barras laminadas de diâmetros superiores a 75,00 mm – e conseqüente sucateamento – foi da ordem de mais de 95% desde o início do trabalho, reduzindo-se assim o sucateamento desta qualidade para níveis da ordem de, aproximadamente, 1,0%.

O uso de tecnologia biométrica para o combate à fraude e a melhoria da gestão de pessoas no serviço público

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o uso da biometria no serviço público como forma de redução das oportunidades de fraudes e melhoria da gestão de pessoas na administração pública. Para isso, foi feita uma comparação semiestruturada da experiência internacional e um estudo de caso aprofundado do projeto Identidade Funcional, desenvolvido pelo governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As lições mais importantes, derivadas destas experiências, estão refletidas em um modelo de projeto para formação de uma base biométrica capaz de garantir a integridade do cadastro de pagamento dos salários e benefícios de previdência da administração pública. O modelo tomou por referência a prefeitura de Duque de Caxias, porém foi estruturado de modo a ser viável em municípios do mesmo porte.

Formação em odontologia: um estudo sobre as clínicas integradas em cursos do Brasil

Dental education is going through important changes in preparing workers to meet the needs of the society and the labor market. For that reason, we studied the offering of comprehensive dental care clinics in Brazil with the aim of encouraging future curriculum changes focused on the training of general dental practitioners. An email questionnaire on educational organization and comprehensive care clinics of undergraduate programs was sent to each academic dental affairs dean. Sixty-seven (41.6%) dental schools agreed to participate. We observed that curriculum changes have contributed to modify the format of comprehensive care clinics. This was felt mainly (88,1%) with regards to workload and course offerings in different levels of the dental curriculum, thereby creating a favorable environment for generalist training. Most schools shared the following characteristics: clinical procedures were being prioritized according to level of complexity (95,5%), students were having the chance to attend courses in other programs (37,3%), and attempt to diversify teaching methods was being challenged (58,2%). Although progress in combining teaching and clinical services was reported by 83,6% of schools, most clinical procedures were still being performed intramurally (50,7%) in partnership with public service. There was also improvement in clinical mentorship due to the hiring of instructors qualified to work in comprehensive care clinics and with aptitude to supervise a wider range of dental procedures (58,2%). Further changes to Brazilian comprehensive care clinics should hence be encouraged and intensified to ensure appropriate generalist training for dental practitioners

O parto dos caminhos: Formação dos Sindicatos Rurais no Rio Grande do Norte (1960 - 1964)

The present work treats the movements dedicated to reinvidication per land and social rights for the field works, among 1960 and 1964. Trying to understand this question in the Rio Grande do Norte it is necessary to consider the connection between the catholic church and the rural syndicates besides the influence of the Brazilian communist party, and still other social movements and the state. The structures politics local, national and international, had considerable importance to the organization rural potiguares workers. The rural potiguares syndicate appear in 1961 - after a hard organization work starting of the Service of Rural Assistance - and expand itself through state until the middle of 1962. Soon the first big conflicts an important manifestation are perceive, indirectly referring to a increasing movement's performance. The Favoring Progresses chains co quested a biggest influence in the politics destiny of the Rio Grande do Norte, in front of integration among syndicates, educational projects, and favoring progress's politics. But the military coup hired that the hope overflow the field

O compromisso político do serviço prestado pela Fundação Bradesco na cidade de João Pessoa

In this work we have analyzed the political commitment of the social assistance sponsored by the Bradesco Foundation in João Pessoa. This Foundation is a private institution of public interest that provides social assistance to low income populations all over Brazil. This kind of work is one of the oldest management initiatives in what is actually referred to as managers` social responsibility. This thesis assumes that managers who are in fact socially responsible should guide their actions by the principles of social democracy, so that everyone can enjoy citizens` social freedom, and guarantee their rights as well as the political awareness of social actors. Analysis of documents and a qualitative approach have been applied to the pedagogical Project of the Foundation, as well as phenomenology to study the social profile of their students. The analysis of the pedagogical project as well as the students` standpoint towards life reveals that the Bradesco Foundation is indeed committed to the social efficacy of its students. The educational proposal of the organization includes those elements that are required for teenagers` education envisaging participative citizenship. The teenagers` speech reveals that they have developed the project identity, being therefore able to take part in the process of political transformation of our time. The results indicate that the Bradesco Foundation not only guarantees some of the basic social rights for the healthy development of those who attend their courses, but also sponsors a high level education providing both a technical and a political formation

Serviço social na educação: saberes e competências necessárias no fazer profissional

The Theory analyzes what should know and what competes, formally, to the Professional of Social Service to act in the School Education. He/she investigates, starting from studies on the theme, and close to Council Federal and Regional of Social Service, and of the Brazilian Association of Studies and Researches in Social Service, that you know and competences are necessary for the social worker performance in that specific area. Through a research of nature empiric, bibliographical and documental, the analysis focus outlines the glance and the understanding of the professionals' category that represent the defense organs, fiscalization and formation of the profession. The importance of the scientific study is justified for the social worker necessary contribution acting in the School Education, whose political and pedagogic context presents multiple demands, you know and relationships, and when it is lived a social and education picture at the present time with order words in formation, as inclusion, empowerment, competence, that they demand other specialists in the school scenery to work with the varied expressions of the social subject. Since the years 1930 the social worker acts in the area of the Education, with an originating from knowledge the human and social areas that you/he/she makes possible him/it to contribute, undisciplinement, close to the pedagogic team of the School Education. The clarity of the you know and of the necessary competences to intervene in that field of specific work makes possible the legitimation of the identity, of the social worker professionalization and the formalization of his/her practice. The Theory ends that the profissionality and the social worker professionalism is built and it is recognized in the area of the Education starting from the knowledge of the you know and pertinent competences to intervene in that context, beginning that knowledge on the part of the category of the Social Service and of the formation organs and representation of the profession so that the school community - administration and pedagogic coordination, teachers and students - he understands and recognize the social worker necessary intervention in that field. The formalization of those you know and competences are built starting from actions and thought mobilizations and operation in the group of the category, and not for isolated actions and individualized. It is revealed, in the opinion of the ones that represent Regional Council of Social Service, a wide vision of the social worker in that space exercising, among other, functions that don't compete to the professional's profile or restricted to actions and techniques historically exercised in their work fields. A new profile of the professional of the Social Service that it acts in the School Education is possible when his/her action is visualized centered not just in the work with the family, but, doing of the school a proposition space and execution of programs, projects, studies and social researches. He intends, an action politics and of popularization on them know and the social worker competences in the School Education

O Probásica e a formação de professores no Pólo de Parnamirim: política de formação profissional no Rio Grande do Norte?

This work studies the thematic of the politics of formation of teachers in the Program of Professional Qualification for Basic Education (PROBÁSICA) developed in the City of Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte. It has as its main objective to identify and to analyze the contribution of this politics of initial formation for the professional formation of teachers. To install the work, we will use the procedures of bibliographical research, documentary analysis, comment, structuralized interview, questionnaire-script and virtual research. In the analysis of the data, we trace a general view on PROBÁSICA while initial formation along with the continued formation, pedagogical research, collaborative research and the exercise of the teaching profession, identifying the possibilities and limits of the Program in the direction to reach the objective considered in this work. From the inquiry, we construct the institutional land scope of the program in question, also focusing, the organizational aspects of its functioning. We have to take care about the results, we evidence that PROBÁSICA is making the possible to access of the teachers in the educational service to the University, what the main aspect that consists, trying to prove eminent weak points in its systematic due to give to the organizational structure of this educational politics that does not count with curricular, institutional and financial the necessary conditions for the success of the professional formation of the teachers. The research will try to understand that the operationalization of the politics of formation in Parnamirim will be belong with it the main idea of the Educational Reformation in years of 1990, articulated to the neoliberal interests, that the responsibility for the problems of the public system of education attributed to the teachers, and that are not answered completely through the purpose of the professional formation, and ti seems that it does not define one global national politics that deals with seriousness to the questions the initial formation, permanent formation, pedagogical research, , career and conditions of work for the teachers

A formação / ação multiplicadora da prática infantil: um estudo das práticas formativas do PIDEPE RN.

This study examined the training of teachers in service developed by the Integrated Program for the Development of Early Childhood Education in Rio Grande do Norte - PIDEPE / RN - UFRN, whose central focus of action is the action of the multiplying practice within Natal. The methodology used is a reflection on the training strategies of the practice of early childhood education in order to build a knowledge that can be generalized to other formative experiences of teachers. The instruments used for data collection were the desk research and literature from the perspective of qualitative research. The study focused on the instrument were related to the structure and organization of the stage and the process of action multiplying of the infantile practice. We concluded that the process of training needs to be carefully reviewed. It is necessary to rethink the definition of objectives, criteria and tools for continuous evaluation that they wish to maintain and / or setting up on stage. Look not only for the formative role of education but also indicators of professionalization of teaching.

Política de formação de professores: uma leitura a partir da análise do programa especial de formação de professores para a educação básica PROEB/UFMA

Study of Teacher Education Policy: a reading from the analysis of Programa Especial de Formação de Professores para a Educação Básica Proeb - aims to analyze the initial teacher training developed by the Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA. Proeb is a policy of in-service training of teachers, formulated and implemented in the context of current educational policies for basic education. This work assumes that the guidelines developed in the last decades of the twentieth century are linked to international organizations that spread in Latin America continent a homogeneous model of training which has as main features to be held in service through the mode the distance and the school as a leading locus. In Brazil, these guidelines are supported on the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education No. 9.394/96 and Report 09/2001, which deals with the Syllabus Guidelines for the formation of Basic Education Teachers. To carry out the study was taken as reference, the syllabus developed for the deployment of Proeb from 1998 to 2002, specifically the proposal operationalized in the Degree Course of Mathematics in the city of Vitória do Mearim in Maranhão. To conduct the study, it was used literature as a way to deepen understanding, clarify and aim the conceptual aspect of the object researched. The documental research was consisted in the analysis of legal documents concerning the reform of education policies, teacher training and pedagogical project Proeb/UFMA and, finally, the semi-structured interviews were used to allow a better understanding of the subjects involved with research. The data analysis has shown that the curriculum designed to operationalize the course of undergraduate mathematics Proeb/UFMA, despite having guidelines that point to the separation of theory/practice dichotomy and establish as a principle work as an educational principle, has an disciplinary curriculum organization that reinforces the instrumental view of the syllabus, not enabling in practice, the execution of their initial proposal. Concerning to the view of graduates on the course, they highlight the weaknesses of the course, but also evidence that it has allowed an improvement of initial training, through the disciplines of the common core syllabus of courses and special training. It is possible seeing in graduates words, that the course have had repercussions in their teaching and improving their integration into the labor market and in the community of Vitória do Mearim. Overall, these developments have indicated evidence of teacher professionalization, although they are incipient. The work has shown that for the professionalization of teachers is introduced, the syllabus of undergraduate teacher education must overcome the traditional view of syllabus and implement contextualized curricula in a multidisciplinary approach involving, in equal proportions, the general education and training specific course. Accordingly, it is believed in need to review the role of the University in the formative process, as well as recovering as part of educational policies, the omnilateral size of teacher education