889 resultados para Foreign Countries


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This study is directed to examine how far price fluctuations in pepper can be controlled in the Indian context so as to have a reasonable and stable income for the primary producers which will ensure an adequate ‘encouragement for higher production and better export earnings. In a study of the methods of controlling violent price fluctuations a important question is that whether the present system of management of supply is satisfactory or not. It is more so when the demand is likely to be sanimlatsd by the importers and wholesalers of the foreign countries. Though pepper is the most important of all the spices gross in India, little work has been done so far to study the problems and prospects of this commodity.

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El estudio de caso a desarrollar va a comprender la viabilidad de exportación de una empresa Colombiana llamada Jushi Design Limitada, la cual lleva 35 años en el mercado Colombiano con un gran reconocimiento en sus clientes y en el mercado mismo. Los casos de internacionalización de las empresa son hoy en día muy bien visto y de gran ejecución en las empresas colombianas debido al entorno en cual estamos viviendo, después de la apertura económica en el país las empresas se han puesto en la tarea de abrir sus mercados a otros países, como de igual manera importar productos de otros países, generando un comercio mucho más libre, sin fronteras u obstáculos. La globalización ha generado el intercambio de muchos productos ayudando al desarrollo de los países. Hoy en día el consumidor tiene la oportunidad de poder encontrar gran variedad de un solo producto en el mercado teniendo la posibilidad de elegir a sus necesidades la mejor opción. La ropa de moda femenina es un artículo en el cual las mujeres están muy al tanto de lo que sale y se comercializa sin olvidar las últimas tendencias y prendas que están a la moda. Es por esto que una empresa como Jushi Design Limitada con mucho tiempo en el mercado nacional está interesada en el desarrollo del plan exportador, así mismo el estar posesionado en las principales ciudades del país colombiano es de gran ayuda para el desarrollo de los objetivos planteados ya que se a preocupado por expandirse en el territorio nacional con sus prendas de últimas tendencias y gustos en las mujeres. No solo se realizara un estudio de viabilidad de exportación hacia la empresa Jushi Design Limitada si no también se buscara fortalezas y debilidades de la organización con el fin de poder contribuirle de alguna forma a la empresa sus problemas en los cuales frecuentan internamente y externamente. De esta forma entenderán cual es la salida a las diferentes debilidades que frecuentan dado el caso que las tengan. Es importante dar entender que por más que una empresa este en las mejores condiciones y posicionamiento en el mercado hay ciertas variables de las cuales toda empresa depende para el gran éxito y perdurabilidad en el tiempo, como lo son los aspectos políticos, sociales, económicos culturales entre otros. Todos estos son de gran fundamento para la consecución de los objetivos, buscar un país que cumpla con todas estas expectativas es muy importante para poder conseguir los objetivos planteados. Sin embargo nos basaremos en el aspecto comercial de Colombia frente al otro país ya que en este caso sería el primordial para encontrar el país indicado a realizar el estudio. Se realizara el diagnostico e investigación de mercados, con el fin de determinar tanto la situación de la empresa como la viabilidad en la que se encuentra, para la obtención del planteamiento del problema. Se buscara penetrar otros mercados con las diferentes colecciones que Jushi Design Limitada obtiene en el ano, de esta forma mostrara las últimas tendencias de la moda femeninas y sus diferentes y nuevos diseños en el mercado exterior. Las colecciones estarán fundamentas de acuerdo a la ocasión, clima y gusto de la persona, teniendo en cuenta aspectos como clima, moda, y ocasión en el cual este último está fundamentado mediante la época o momento en el cual está viviendo el cliente siendo en este caso la mujer.

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A través de un estudio realizado tanto a los modelos de internacionalización de las empresas y como a una empresa colombiana exitosa a nivel internacional llamada Grupo Nutresa, se identificaron implementaciones que la empresa había tenido a través de estos años dentro de su proceso de internacionalización, acordes (unos más que otros) con los modelos de internacionalización existentes. Gracias a este análisis se pudieron determinar varias conclusiones dentro de las cuales se encuentra la continua innovación que una empresa debe tener para ser exitosa, asimismo un cierto grado de flexibilidad frente a las estrategias implementadas por la empresa dentro de los países a los cuales se está llegando, debido a que no siempre las mismas estrategias implementadas en un país y en otro son las mismas, teniendo siempre en cuenta no cambiar la esencia que tiene la compañía, entre otras conclusiones.

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Con el ánimo de lograr que Colombia sea competitivo en la exportación de productos agrícolas a nivel mundial, se realizó el programa MERLIN (Métodos de reinvención logística de agro exportación), apoyado entre otras entidades por el Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina-CAF, el cual tenía por objetivo principal demostrar que algunos productos agrícolas podrían ser enviados al exterior vía marítima, beneficiando al productor, al exportador y al consumidor, teniendo en cuenta que el costo de transporte es el factor que más impacta al precio final del producto. Es así como este trabajo de investigación, busca mostrar los resultados para las exportaciones realizadas por la vía marítima, frente a la vía aérea, que se han dado desde el año 2009 y principalmente demostrar a los principales actores del sector floricultor colombiano, que la vía marítima para la exportación puede ser confiablemente utilizada, manteniendo la excelente calidad del producto, disminuyendo los costos de transporte para ese importante sector en Colombia y fomentando la el desarrollo de puertos marítimos en el país.

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El objetivo de la presente monografía de grado es analizar la relación entre la identidad dentro de Rusia y la política exterior de dicho Estado hacia la región de Abjasia. Se analiza y explica la manera en que los referentes identitarios dentro de Rusia en el periodo 2000-2008 influyen en las decisiones de política exterior que Rusia tomó hacia Abjasia en el campo militar y político. Se efectúa una revisión de textos (transcripciones de intervenciones y textos escritos) del Presidente y Primer Ministro de la Federación Rusa entre 2000 y 2008 para encontrar los referentes identitarios que determinan el comportamiento de Rusia hacia otros Estados y la forma en que influenciaron sus acciones con respecto a Abjasia.

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Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied to assess trace element concentrations in six samples of aspirin tablets acquired in SA o pound Paulo city, Brazil. Concentrations of the elements Br, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, La, Na, Sc and Zn were determined. Comparisons were made between the results obtained with published data for aspirins from foreign countries. Certified reference materials, INCT-MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs were analyzed for quality control of the analytical results.

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Over the years so many academic literatures has revealed that increased number of firms have seen internationalization as a means to gain and sustain competitive advantage and even increase economic of scale, and this has led many western companies to emerging markets. In this paper we discovered that among the pool of Swedish firms, only the MNEs have seen Nigerian market attractive to internationalize to, but just a few of the Swedish SMEs has expanded to the Nigerian market. This research was conducted by doing a qualitative study with the use of phenomenological research approach, during our investigation on the functions of intermediaries in Swedish SMEs internationalization to Nigeria market.Furthermore, we were able to understand the importance and functions of the different marketing intermediaries’ in Swedish SMEs internationalization to Nigeria market. These intermediaries equip the Swedish firms with the required objective knowledge of the Nigerian market, updating them with recent development of the opportunities and threats involved in the Nigerian marketing environment, and linking these Swedish firms to the required government departments, distributors, agent/broker, customers, middle men etc, thereby impacting them with the experiential knowledge. Moreover, it is important for firms to have objective or pre-market knowledge of a particular market before entering that market, but this knowledge is regarded as non-helpful knowledge to firms. But the experiential knowledge is acquired over time in the market, which is regarded as the helpful knowledge. It is evident that the intermediaries equip these firms with both objective and experiential knowledge.Although the opportunities in some emerging markets are very attractive, but the threats in these markets are other factors firms also put into consideration before internationalizing to these markets. This is why thorough market research has to be done so that firms can create effective marketing strategies when they want to expand their marketing activities to emerging markets. Despite the risk and uncertainties involved in doing business in foreign countries, still yet companies selling global products do not have any choice than to internationalize their marketing operations.

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Recent efforts toward a world with freer trade, like WTO/GATT or regional Preferential Trade Agreements(PTAs), were put in doubt after McCallum's(1995) finding of a large border effect between US and Canadian provinces. Since then, there has been a great amount of research on this topic employing the gravity equation. This dissertation has two goals. The first goal is to review comprehensively the recent literature about the gravity equation, including its usages, econometric specifications, and the efforts to provide it with microeconomic foundations. The second goal is the estimation of the Brazilian border effect (or 'home-bias trade puzzle') using inter-state and international trade flow data. It is used a pooled cross-section Tobit model. The lowest border effect estimated was 15, which implies that Brazilian states trade among themselves 15 times more than they trade with foreign countries. Further research using industry disaggregated data is needed to qualify the estimated border effect with respect to which part of that effect can be attributed to actual trade costs and which part is the outcome of the endogenous location problem of the firm.

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Esta pesquisa procura avaliar a estratégia de negócios internacionais de indústrias brasileiras e a forma como se conduzem suas parcerias com indústrias estrangeiras. Seu objetivo é conseguir uma melhor conceituação teórica sobre tópicos como: (1) forma como as empresas conduzem suas relações com empresas de outros países; (2) determinação dos fatores de sucesso dessas alianças de negócios internacionais; (3) implementação de uma estratégia internacional bem-sucedida. Este projeto é parte de um estudo multinacional, desenvolvido com o patrocínio de algumas das mais importantes universidades do Brasil, Canadá, Chile, México e Estados Unidos, e empresas de cada um desses países. A primeira parte se refere à relação da empresa brasileira com seus parceiros estrangeiros. A segunda analisa a estratégia internacional seguida pela empresa brasileira.

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The drivers for entry and expansion modes of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been studied by several authors over the last decades but empirical results have been historically mixed. More recently, Hennart (2009) argued that the reason for the inconsistent results to date resided in the fact that prior theories assumed that local markets could be freely accessed based on a unilateral decision by the MNEs, and then proposes an alternative framework in which the entry and expansion modes of MNEs in foreign countries are a solution based on the relative efficiency of both markets. In this study, the proposed framework is tested against the prior theories based on investments made by U.S.-based MNEs in Brazil from 2005 to 2010. The results suggest that the local market characteristics, more specifically the concentration ratio at the firm and asset levels, are indeed important to influence the entry and expansion mode of U.S.-based MNEs in Brazil, reinforcing the argument against MNEs-centric theories. However, differently from Hennart’s proposition, we were not able to confirm the hypotheses that the MNEs skills are relevant to influence the final solution. We have also tested whether the difference in growth rate between the two countries could be a driver for MNEs to favor acquisition over greenfield given the opportunity cost of postponing the investments. The test result, based on our sample, was not able to confirm this hypothesis.

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Technological innovation promotes the generation of economic value by creating a new product, process or organizational management model, being classified as dynamic and multidimensional. Government intervention has the role of acting through government grant programs to foster the integration of innovative processes in small companies, due to the high costs and risks of development, strengthening the country`s economy in this phase. The distribution of this grant is determined by criteria, based especially in subjective judgments, which are based on the beliefs and perceptions about the technological opportunities and market actors involved in the process, being very difficult to measure the probability of success of the project under evaluation. This study aims to identify the most relevant selection criteria that must be inserted in grants programs at Rio Grande do Norte executed by Fundação de Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte (FAPERN). Initially, there was a systematization of 18 countries, covering 41 programs in foreign countries and 29 in Brazil. Based on the data collected, we conducted one survey containing four programs of FAPERN (INOVA I, INOVA II , INOVA III and INOVA IV), covering 44 companies and analyzing their responses according to the Likert scale , obtaining the degree of importance given by the respondent to each of the criteria in the questionnaire . As a result, drew up a proposal for new criteria to be used in the next FAPERN´s grants, containing 13 new criteria. It is expected, therefore, to contribute to a better spending of public funds invested in companies subsidized in Brazil

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A caprinocultura leiteira no Brasil, apesar de ser uma atividade rural consolidada há algumas décadas, tem se mostrado totalmente dependente de outros países no que se refere ao melhoramento genético. A maioria dos plantéis existentes atualmente tem como base animais importados, e a renovação do material genético é feita por meio da importação de sêmen. Inexistem informações sobre o valor genético dos animais e sua evolução no decorrer dos anos. No presente trabalho, foram estimadas a herdabilidade e a repetibilidade da produção de leite utilizando o REML. Os valores obtidos foram 0,21557 e 0,21564, respectivamente. Para a predição do valor gênico dos animais, foi usado o procedimento BLUP com modelo animal. A mudança na tendência genética anual estimada por um modelo quadrático foi -0,8109 kg/ano², indicando desaceleração no ganho genético. A correlação de Pearson entre os valores gênicos dos bodes estimados com base na média da capacidade provável de produção das filhas obtida pelo método de mínimos quadrados com as estimadas pelas equações do modelo misto foi de 0,5751. A correlação de SPEARMAN entre as classificações dos bodes obtidos pelos dois métodos foi de 0,5813.

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Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS