Selected addresses of Frank Murphy, governor of Michigan, January 1, 1937 to September 30, 1938.

Cover-title.

Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 under the command of Captain George S. Nares ... and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N.

Zoology v.13=pt.35-37 (1884-1885)

Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 under the command of Captain George S. Nares ... and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N.

Botany v.1; pt.1-3 (1884-1885)

Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 under the command of Captain George S. Nares ... and the late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N.

Narrative v.2 (1882-1885)

Estados Unidos en Guerra, Why we fight de Frank Capra. La historia al servicio de la causa aliada

Con la implicaci��n definitiva de los Estados Unidos en la Segunda Guerra Mundial, el gobierno y el alto mando militar decidieron impulsar un amplio programa audiovisual que utilizando la letra impresa, la radio y el cine intentar��a explicar ���principalmente, aunque no exclusivamente, a millares de civiles reclutados para la ocasi��n��� el porqu�� de la guerra y la necesaria implicaci��n de los Estados Unidos en la contienda. Naturalmente, a esta voluntad pedag��gica se un��a otra propagand��stica. Por lo que respecta al cine, y contando con los destacados antecedentes del cine sovi��tico y las producciones cinematogr��ficas del r��gimen nazi, se decidi�� poner en marcha un exhaustivo programa para la producci��n cinematogr��fica de documentales que cubrir��a estos dos aspectos esenciales: el formativo y el propagand��stico ���bautizado, eufem��sticamente, como ���orientaci��n moral���. De entre las producciones cinematogr��ficas de orientaci��n moral, impulsadas por el ej��rcito, destaca, por su ambici��n y calidad intr��nseca, una serie de siete documentales presentada bajo el t��tulo gen��rico de Why We Fight

La Raz��n frente a la imposici��n en las estrategias did��ctico-propagand��sticas del ej��rcito estadounidense durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial: "Why We Fight" de Frank Capra como ejemplo

El presente art��culo analiza algunos aspectos de los m��todos de formaci��n y propaganda destinados a los sol-dados del ej��rcito estadounidense al enfrentarse a la implicaci��n de su pa��s en la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El general George C. Marshall, jefe del alto mando militar, pretend��a oponer a los anticuados m��todos de instruc-ci��n basados en la fuerza del h��bito corporal, la fuerza del h��bito mental. Esta pretensi��n supuso desplegar un amplio programa que contemplaba, adem��s de la instrucci��n militar, la formaci��n intelectual y que contaba, para ello, entre otros recursos, con el cine. En este ��ltimo ��mbito, destac�� la producci��n de la serie documen-tal de siete episodios ���Why We Fight���. La serie, desde su mismo t��tulo, pareci�� apostar por la argumentaci��n racional antes que por la emocional, para hacer comprensible, a los soldados, la implicaci��nde Estados Unidos en la contienda mundial. Sin embargo, m��s all�� de su apariencia ret��rica, la serie deb��a funcionar como un efectivo mecanismo de propaganda a favor de los intereses estrat��gicos del pa��s norteamericano

Bovine Tuberculosis in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer From Michigan

A 4.5 yr-old male white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) killed by a hunter during the 1994 firearm hunting season in northeastern Michigan (USA) had lesions suggestive of tuberculosis and was positive on culture for Mycobacterium bovis the causative agent for bovine tuberculosis. Subsequently, a survey of 354 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer for tuberculosis was conducted in this area from 15 November 1995 through 5 January 1996. Heads and/or lungs from deer were examined grossly and microscopically for lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis. Gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were seen in 15 deer. Tissues from 16 deer had acid-fast bacilli on histological examination and in 12 cases mycobacterial isolates from lymph nodes and/or lungs were identified as M. bovis. In addition, lymph nodes from 12 deer (11 females and 1 male) without gross or microscopic lesions were pooled into 1 sample from which M. bovis was cultured. Although more male (9) than female (3) deer had bovine tuberculosis infections, this difference was not statistically significant. Mycobacterium bovis culture positive deer ranged in age from 1.5 to 5.5 yr with a mean of 2.7 yr (median 2.5 yr) for males and 3.2 yr (median 3.5 yr) for females. This appears to be the first epidemic occurrence of M. bovis in free-ranging cervids in North America. A combination of environmental (high deer density and poor quality habit) and management-related factors (extensive supplemental feeding) may be responsible for this epizootic.

Bovine Tuberculosis in Michigan Wildlife and Livestock

Since 1994, the state of Michigan has recognized a problem with bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wild white-tailed deer from a 12-county area in northeastern Lower Michigan. A total of 65,000 free-ranging deer have been tested, and 340 have been found to be positive for M. bovis. The disease has been found in other wildlife species, and, in 1998, in domestic cattle, where to date 13 beef cattle and 2 dairy cattle herds have been diagnosed with bovine TB. Unfortunately, the situation is unique in that there have never been reports of self-sustaining bovine TB in a wild, free-ranging cervid population in North America. Scientists, biologists, epidemiologists, and veterinarians who have studied this situation have concluded that the most logical theory is that high deer densities and the focal concentration caused by baiting (the practice of hunting deer over feed) and feeding are the factors most likely responsible for the establishment of self-sustaining TB in free-ranging Michigan deer. Baiting and feeding have been banned since 1998 in counties where the disease has been found. In addition, the deer herd has been reduced by 50% in the endemic area with the use of unlimited antlerless permits. The measures of apparent TB prevalence have been decreased by half since 1997, providing hopeful preliminary evidence that eradication strategies are succeeding.

La arquitectura residencial en El Real Sitio de El Pardo (1885 - 1965): Or��genes, tipos y configuraci��n del trazado urbano

Tras la denominaci��n de Real Sitio a mediados del siglo XVIII, bajo el reinado de Fernando VI, su sucesor Carlos III procedi�� a la incorporaci��n a su Patrimonio de todos los Montes y Bosques de El Pardo. Comenz�� entonces el proceso de planeamiento urbano y de construcci��n arquitect��nica que finaliz�� en torno al a��o 1800. En lo sucesivo, no s��lo se mantiene el curso de la conservaci��n y consolidaci��n de los edificios principales, sino que se realiza obra nueva de ��ndole civil. Algunos edificios cambiaron de propiedad y de uso hasta que tras la Guerra Civil se procedi�� a la mayor transformaci��n vivida por el Real Sitio. El intervalo que aqu�� se trata (1885 a 1965), no ha suscitado, en los estudios sobre El Pardo, atenci��n suficiente al no acontecer obra nueva de car��cter patrimonial ni ha sido objeto de an��lisis el trazado y la fisonom��a del centro urbano residencial del pueblo que Carlos III configur��. Sin embargo se estima relevante analizar los cambios en la actividad residencial; en primer lugar porque coexiste con la arquitectura oficial y, por tanto, se entiende necesario un an��lisis global del conjunto y en segundo lugar porque facilita la comprensi��n sobre la imagen original de car��cter hist��rico del conjunto de finales del siglo XVIII. Este marco temporal determina tres partes principales de estudio que estructuran la presente tesis, cuyas fechas establecen los intervalos hist��ricos clave: Actuaciones sobre el n��cleo urbano consolidado (1885-1931). Cese de la actividad constructiva (1931-1939). Propuestas regeneradoras y crecimiento acelerado (1939-1965). Dentro de ellos se establecen, a su vez, dos subcap��tulos diferenciados con la finalidad de explicar los sucesos que pautaron los cambios trascendentales en la historia de El Pardo. En el estudio del estado de la cuesti��n se observa que en El Pardo, al igual que sucede en otros Reales Sitios, se investigan los edificios destacados como el Palacio, la Casita del Pr��ncipe, la Casa de Oficios y la Casa de Infantes desde el punto de vista de su historia pero no desde la arquitectura ni de c��mo esta afecta al desarrollo del trazado y por tanto al contexto urbano. Se manifiestan determinadas carencias de tratamiento gr��fico que facilitar��an la comprensi��n hist��rica mediante el an��lisis de la forma y c��mo esta ha ido variando sustancialmente. El concepto de escala y orientaci��n reordena el estudio, no s��lo de estos edificios protagonistas sino de los que se entretejen a su alrededor y componen el conjunto hist��rico, lo cual aporta nuevas conclusiones al estado de la cuesti��n que aqu�� compete. El principal objetivo de la tesis es, por tanto, contribuir a la dimensi��n patrimonial mediante el estudio de la arquitectura residencial del pueblo de El Pardo y en c��mo esta ha ido conformando y consolidando el entramado urbano original en torno a edificios de la realeza y corte. Analizar aquellos edificios que perduran, los que fueron reconstruidos, rehabilitados, y apuntar acontecimientos hist��ricos que formularon la actual fisonom��a. Sistematizar y reordenar sobre la traza actual los edificios que desaparecieron, nos da las pistas sobre las modificaciones en concepto de escala arquitect��nica y urbana. El estudio de las fuentes y establecer una metodolog��a de conexi��n de estas, ayuda a detectar d��nde no se han dirigido a��n los focos de inter��s as�� como las lagunas que han quedado por explorar con el fin de responder a nuevas hip��tesis, conceder conclusiones y abrir otras l��neas de investigaci��n. Como conclusiones generales, la tesis aporta documentaci��n nueva sobre el objeto de estudio, no solicitada, digitalizada o publicada con anterioridad. En ella se analizan los procesos de configuraci��n, consolidaci��n y transformaci��n en el Real Sitio mediante la sistematizaci��n de estados comparativos. Con respecto al estudio de los diferentes contextos natural y urbano la tesis analiza c��mo los accidentes naturales, el desarrollo de infraestructuras y el impulso de la agronom��a afectaron a El Pardo a partir del siglo XIX, y estudia los procesos de configuraci��n, consolidaci��n y transformaci��n en el Real Sitio mediante la sistematizaci��n de la documentaci��n encontrada de manera gr��fica y escrita. En relaci��n al marco patrimonial arquitect��nico, la tesis analiza los procesos edificatorios hist��ricos. Se estudian, a su vez, cambios de ocupaci��n o uso que derivaron en reformas, ampliaciones, obras de nueva planta e incluso en derribos, as�� como los proyectos no materializados o que se llevaron a cabo de manera parcial. Con respecto al an��lisis del momento hist��rico, la tesis analiza las posibles afectaciones, pol��ticas, sociales y econ��micas en las etapas de Monarqu��a, Segunda Rep��blica, Guerra Civil y Posguerra. Por ��ltimo, la tesis abre cuatro v��as de investigaci��n (que ya se han tratado y avanzado en parte pero que escapan a los l��mites de este trabajo) que pueden plantear nuevas hip��tesis, reportando as�� respuestas sobre objetos de estudio complementarios y paralelos al presente. Estas refieren a an��lisis m��s concretos sobre El Palacio Real de El Pardo y la Casa de Oficios, el Camino Real de Madrid a El Pardo desde la Puerta de Hierro, los cuarteles, puertas y portilleras del Monte de El Pardo y los proyectos desarrollados por el arquitecto Diego M��ndez en los Reales Sitios para el Patrimonio Nacional. ABSTRACT Following the Royal Site denomination being granted in the mid-18th Century, during the reign of Ferdinand VI, his successor Charles III proceeded to include all the Forests and Woodlands of El Pardo in his heritage. That then gave rise to the process of town planning and architectural construction that was completed around 1800. Thereafter, not only the process of conservation and consolidation of the main buildings has been maintained, but new civil engineering works have also been carried out. Some buildings changed ownership and use until, after the Civil War, the greatest transformation experienced by the Royal Site was undertaken. The time frame this paper concerns (1885 to 1965), has not attracted sufficient attention in studies of El Pardo due to there having been no new works with heritage status, nor has there been an analysis of the layout and external appearance of the residential centre in the town once conceived by Charles III. However, it is considered relevant to analyse the changes in residential activity, firstly, because it coexists with the official architecture and, thus, it is considered necessary to perform a global analysis of the complex and, secondly, because it facilitates a historical understanding of the original appearance of the complex at the end of the 18th Century. This time framework defines three main parts of the study that provide the structure of this thesis, the dates of which establish the key historical time frames: Actions in the consolidated town centre (1885-1931). Cessation of construction works (1931-1939). Proposals of regeneration and accelerated growth (1939-1965). Two distinct sub-chapters are also established within these, in order to explain the events that marked the transcendental changes in the history of El Pardo. When studying the subject matter, it is noted that in El Pardo, as is the case in other Royal Sites, outstanding buildings such as the Palace, the Prince's Cottage, the Trades House and the Infantes House are usually researched strictly from the point of view of their history, but not from an architectural perspective, nor analysing how that affects the development of the site layout and thus the urban area. Specific shortcomings are evident in the graphic treatment that would have otherwise facilitated a historical understanding through the analysis of the shape and the way it has gradually undergone substantial variation. The concept of scale and orientation reorganises the study, not only of these key buildings, but also of those that are woven around them and make up the historic complex, allowing entirely new conclusions concerning the subject matter analysed herein. Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to outline our heritage through the study of the residential architecture of the town of El Pardo and the analysis of the way the original town has been built up and consolidated around the buildings erected by royalty and the court; to analyse the buildings that still remain, those that were rebuilt, refurbished, and to note historic events that shaped its current appearance. To this end, a systematic classification and reorganisation on the current urban layout of the buildings that have disappeared will give us the key to understand changes in the concept of architectural and urban scale. Studying the sources and establishing a methodology to connect them will help us detect those areas where the focus of interest has not concentrated yet, and will also reveal the gaps that remain unexplored, in order to respond to new hypotheses, reach new conclusions and open up new lines of research. As general conclusions, this thesis provides new documentation on the subject matter that had not been requested, digitized or published before. There we find an analysis of the processes of configuration, consolidation and transformation of the Royal Site through a systematic classification of comparative states. With regard to the study of the multiple natural and urban environments, this thesis analyses the way natural features, development of infrastructures and agricultural driving forces affected El Pardo as of the 19th Century, and it studies the processes of configuration, consolidation and transformation of the Royal Site by systematically classifying the documentation found in graphic and written documents. In relation to the architectural heritage framework, this thesis analyses historical building processes. Likewise, a study is also performed on the changes in land occupation or use that led to reforms, extensions, new buildings and even to demolitions, as well as on unrealized projects, or even on those that were partially implemented. As for the analysis of the historical time period, this thesis assesses the potential political, social and economic effects of the Monarchy, Second Republic, Civil War and Post-War Periods. Finally, this thesis opens up four lines of investigation (that have already been discussed and partially advanced, but which fall beyond the scope of this work) that could pose new hypotheses, thus giving answer to other subject matters parallel and complementary to the one assessed herein. These refer to more specific analyses of El Palacio Real de El Pardo (Royal Palace of El Pardo) and the Casa de Oficios (Trades House), the Royal Highway from Madrid to El Pardo from Puerta de Hierro, the barracks, gates and entrances to estates in the Woodlands of El Pardo and the projects developed on the Royal Sites by the architect Diego M��ndez for the National Heritage.

Bibliography of Spanish Muslim Art 1939-1946

Bibliography of Spanish Muslim Art 1939-1946

1884 University of Michigan Football Team

<div><p><b>back row (standing): </b> Couch, E. Rosenthal*, Raymond Beach, John Jaycox, Henry Killilea</p><p><b>2nd row (seated)</b>: George C. Schemm, William Duff, John Duffy</p><p><b>Front Row: </b> Banks(?), Tom H. McNeil, capt. Horace Prettyman, Dwight Goss</p><p>*President of Rugby Association</p></div>