The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species /

Reprint. Originally published: London : J. Murray, 1877.

Hortus cantabrigiensis; or, A catalogue of plants, indigenous and exotic.

Mode of access: Internet.

The botanical atlas, : a guide to the practical study of plants containing representatives of the leading forms of plant life with explanatory letterpress; /

Each plate accompanied by leaf with descriptive letterpress.

The analysis of plants. Intended for schools and colleges and for the independent botanical student.

On cover: University ed.

Catalogue of plants,

Mode of access: Internet.

Flora andhrica. A vernacular and botanical list of plants commonly met with in the Telugu districts of the northern Circars.

No more published.

Fertilization of branching Acropora

Acropora is one of the largest taxonomic groups of scleractinian corals in the Indo-Pacific and contributes towards the establishment of coral communities in the Ryukyu Islands. Branching Acropora populations have a component of asexual reproduction; however, this may lead to a decline in genetic diversity, leaving populations vulnerable to environmental changes. Therefore, a sufficient supply of larvae produced via sexual reproduction is necessary to maintain genetic diversity in the branching Acropora communities. Fertilization success in branching Acropora depends on a variety of factors, including genetic and environmental conditions. How genotype and/or genetic compatibility drives fertilization rates in Acropora communities under natural conditions has not been investigated. To investigate how genotype and/or genetic compatibility determine fertilization rates in Acropora communities over the long-term, cross-mating experiments with branching Acropora using the same colonies were conducted from 2006 to 2011 in an aquarium. Acropora from cultured and natural colonies collected from a reef (26° 40' 19.2'' N, 127° 52' 40.8'' E) were used. Fertilization rates showed less variation within the same crossing combinations, but large variation across years for the same genotypes of focal colonies. Results indicated that fertilization rate was highly variable depending on genotype compatibility with different mating partners. Additionally, simulations of fertilization rates with increasing population size revealed that small populations that had low genetic diversity (fewer than 10 genotypes) failed to fertilize. These results support the establishment or maintenance of source populations that facilitate sufficient genetic diversity of branching Acropora to enhance coral community restoration.

Inhibition of COXs and 5-LOX and activation of PPARs by Australian Clematis species (Ranunculaceae)

The species of Clematis (Ranunculaceae) have been traditionally used for inflammatory conditions by indigenous Australians. We have previously reported that the ethanol extract of Clematis pickeringii inhibited COX-1. In this study, we examined the ethanol extracts and fractions of three Clematis species, Clematis pickeringii, Clematis glycinoides and Clematis microphylla, on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). We further examined the activating effects on the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR alpha) and gamma (PPAR-gamma) in HepG2 cells. The ethanol extracts of three Clematis species inhibited the activities of COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX in the different extents. The stem extract of Clematis pickeringii showed the highest inhibitory activities among the three species on COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX with the IC50 values of 73.5, 101.2 and 29.3 mu g/mL. One of its fractions also significantly elevated PPAR gamma expression by 173, 280 and 435% and PPAR gamma expression by 140, 228 and 296% at 4, 8 and 16 mu g/mL, respectively. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recognition and inactivation of LPS by lipophorin particles

Lipophorin is the major lipid carrier in insects, but various observations indicate that lipophorin is also involved in immune reactions. To examine a possible role of lipophorin in defence reactions, we mixed hemolymph plasma from Galleria mellonella with LPS and noticed that lipophorin forms detergent-insoluble aggregates, while most other plasma proteins are not affected. Lipophorin particles isolated by low-density gradient centrifugation retained LPS-induced aggregation properties, which suggested to us that these immune-reactive particles are able to recognise LPS and respond by forming insoluble aggregates. Antibodies against LPS-binding proteins, such as immulectin-2 and beta-1,3-glucan binding protein, cross-reacted with proteins associated with purified lipophorin particles. To examine whether LPS-mediated aggregates inactivate LPS, we added LPS-lipophorin mixtures to purified lipophorin particles and monitored aggregate formation. Under these conditions lipophorin did not form insoluble aggregates, which indicates that lipophorin particles sequester LPS into non-toxic aggregates. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The ethnopharmacology of plants used as both food and medicine in a Totonac community of Mexico

Most ethnopharmacological studies overlook food plants, yet many edible plants, also have medicinal value. I documented plants that are used as both food and medicine by the Totonac of Zapotitlan de Mendez, Mexico and recorded the presence of selected secondary compounds, and physical characteristics in these plants. Photoactivity, antimicrobial, and antifungal assays also were performed. The presence of these properties were compared among food/medicine plants, food, medicinal, and randomly selected plants. I predicted that a higher percentage of medicinal plants would contain the secondary compounds, physical characteristics, and bioactivity compared to the other groups. Phenolics and cyanogenic glycosides in the medicinal group were significantly greater than in the food/medicine group. The food plants did not differ greatly from the medicinal plants. This research indicates that including food plants in ethnomedical studies could provide a more complete knowledge of peoples therapeutic resources and practices. ^

Trace elemental analysis of glass by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)

This work evaluated the capabilities of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for elemental analysis of trace evidence. A method was developed and validated for the analysis of glass by ICP-MS. A database of ∼700 glass samples was analyzed for elemental composition by external calibration with internal standardization (EC) ICP-MS and refractive index (RI). Additional methods were developed during the course of this work using two well-known techniques, isotope dilution (ID) and laser ablation (LA). These methods were then applied to analyze subsets of this database. ICP-MS data from 161 containers, 45 headlamps, and 458 float glasses (among them at least 143 vehicle windows) are presented and summarized. Data from the analysis of ∼190 glass samples collected from a single glass manufacturing facility over a period of 53 months at different intervals, including 97 samples collected in a 24 hour period are presented. Data from the analysis of 125 glass samples representing 36 manufacturing plants in the U.S. are also presented. ^ The three methods used, ICP-MS, ID-ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS, were shown to be excellent methods for distinguishing between different glass samples. The database provided information about the variability of refractive index and elemental composition in glasses from diverse population types. Using the proposed methods, the database supports the hypothesis that different glass samples have different elemental profiles and a comparison between fragments from the same source results in indistinguishable profiles. ^

Screening of pharmaceuticals and other pollutants of concern by a combination of chemical and biological methods

This study examined the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP's) in surface waters of Florida and their potential to be use as indicators of wastewater contamination. Previous studies have shown that elimination of pharmaceuticals in municipal sewage treatment plants is often incomplete. Aquatic ecosystems are under increased stress from human activities, particularly in heavily populated areas. The purpose of this study was to find an ideal indicator for wastewater. The applied methods, GC/MS and LC/MS, were suitable for the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aqueous environmental samples to the lower parts-per-trillion (ng/L) level. As a result of this study a snapshot view of the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in south Florida was produced. PPCP's were commonly detected in coastal environments of South Florida at relatively low concentrations. In general, PPCP's were higher inside the canals and contained bodies of water than in open water systems. Caffeine was successfully used to describe impacted versus pristine locations. However, no particular correlation was observed among caffeine and other traditional water quality parameters.

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci

Endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of infection, are important mutualists that mediate plant-herbivore interactions. Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) is one of the key pests of onion, Allium cepa L., an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. However, information on endophyte colonization of onions, and their impacts on the biology of thrips feeding on them, is lacking. We tested the colonization of onion plants by selected fungal endophyte isolates using two inoculation methods. The effects of inoculated endophytes on T. tabaci infesting onion were also examined. Seven fungal endophytes used in our study were able to colonize onion plants either by the seed or seedling inoculation methods. Seed inoculation resulted in 1.47 times higher mean percentage post-inoculation recovery of all the endophytes tested as compared to seedling inoculation. Fewer thrips were observed on plants inoculated with Clonostachys rosea ICIPE 707, Trichoderma asperellum M2RT4, Trichoderma atroviride ICIPE 710, Trichoderma harzianum 709, Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Fusarium sp. ICIPE 712 isolates as compared to those inoculated with Fusarium sp. ICIPE 717 and the control treatments. Onion plants colonized by C. rosea ICIPE 707, T. asperellum M2RT4, T. atroviride ICIPE 710 and H. lixii F3ST1 had significantly lower feeding punctures as compared to the other treatments. Among the isolates tested, the lowest numbers of eggs were laid by T. tabaci on H. lixii F3ST1 and C. rosea ICIPE 707 inoculated plants. These results extend the knowledge on colonization of onions by fungal endophytes and their effects on Thrips tabaci.

The families of plants, with their natural characters, according to the number, figure, situation, and proportion of all the parts of fructification.

"An alphabetical catalogue of English and Scotch names of plants ...": vol. II, p. [809]-840.