多相氧载体CoO-MgO的ESR研究

用ESR方法研究了CoO-MgO固溶体作为多相氧载体的可逆吸氧性质。发现CoO-MgO表面的Co~(2+)可以以两种方式与分子氧可逆结合,一种形成Co~(2+)-O_2,它给出了与MgO晶格中Co~(2+)相似的各向同性的信号(g=4.2);一种形成Co~(2+)-O_2~-,它给出轴对称的信号(g_‖=2.141,A_‖=30G,g_⊥_=1.980,A_⊥=15G)。我们认为Co~(2+)-O_2是表面Co_(5c)~(2+)与O_2结合产生的,而Co~(3+)-O_2~-是由表面Co_(4c)~(2+)或Co_(3c)~(2+)与O_2结合形成的。

γ辐照掺杂SiO_2的ESR研究

分别掺有磷和硼的二氧化硅经γ辐照后产生多种顺磁性中心,ESR研究指出氧空穴O~-主要稳定在杂质离子附近.O_2~-自由基稳定在Si离子上.F心的研究认为氧缺位俘获电子存在一个动态平衡过程.

六氟丙烯等离子体聚合物的ESR研究

等离子体聚合物中存在高浓度的自由基已是众所周知的。Millard得出等离子体聚四氟乙烯的自由基浓度为10~(20)spins/g,其室温真空中的半衰期仅为16天。本文报导等离子体聚六氟丙烯的自由基反应动力学、反应的活化能及不同温度下的反应速率常数。

The Oscillatory Squeeze flow rheometer: Comprehensive theory and a new experimental facility

Binding, David; Bell, D.; Walters, K., (2006) 'The Oscillatory Squeeze flow rheometer: Comprehensive theory and a new experimental facility', Rheologica Acta 46 pp.111-121 RAE2008

The effect of correctional facility programming on nonviolent beliefs

Gemstone Team Peace in Prisons

The development of an advanced ship evacuation simulation software product and associated large scale testing facility for the collection of human shipboard behaviour data

When designing a new passenger ship or modifying an existing design, how do we ensure that the proposed design and crew emergency procedures are safe from an evacuation point of view? In the wake of major maritime disasters such as the Herald of Free Enterprise and the Estonia and in light of the growth in the numbers of high density, high-speed ferries and large capacity cruise ships, issues concerned with the evacuation of passengers and crew at sea are receiving renewed interest. In the maritime industry, ship evacuation models offer the promise to quickly and efficiently bring evacuation considerations into the design phase, while the ship is "on the drawing board". maritimeEXODUS-winner of the BCS, CITIS and RINA awards - is such a model. Features such as the ability to realistically simulate human response to fire, the capability to model human performance in heeled orientations, a virtual reality environment that produces realistic visualisations of the modelled scenarios and with an integrated abandonment model, make maritimeEXODUS a truly unique tool for assessing the evacuation capabilities of all types of vessels under a variety of conditions. This paper describes the maritimeEXODUS model, the SHEBA facility from which data concerning passenger/crew performance in conditions of heel is derived and an example application demonstrating the models use in performing an evacuation analysis for a large passenger ship partially based on the requirements of MSC circular 1033.

The collection of pre-evacuation times from evacuation trials involving a Hospital Outpatient area and a University Library facility

This paper presents data relating to occupant pre-evacuation times from a university and a hospital outpatient facility. Although the two structures are entirely different they do employ relatively similar procedures: members of staff sweeping areas of the structure to encourage individuals to evacuate. However, the manner in which the dependent population reacts to these procedures is quite different. In the hospital case the patients only evacuated once a member of the nursing staff had instructed them to do so while in the university evacuation the students were less dependent upon the actions of the staff with over 50% of them evacuating with no prior prompting. Although this data may be useful in a variety of areas, it was collected primarily for use within evacuation models.

Evaluation of the new ESR network software for the retrieval of direct sun products from cimel ce318 and prede pom01 sun-sky radiometers.

The European Skynet Radiometers network (EuroSkyRad or ESR) has been recently established as a research network of European PREDE sun-sky radiometers. Moreover, ESR is federated with SKYNET, an international network of PREDE sun-sky radiometers mostly present in East Asia. In contrast to SKYNET, the European network also integrates users of the CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. Keeping instrumental duality in mind, a set of open source algorithms has been developed consisting of two modules for (1) the retrieval of direct sun products (aerosol optical depth, wavelength exponent and water vapor) from the sun extinction measurements; and (2) the inversion of the sky radiance to derive other aerosol optical properties such as size distribution, single scattering albedo or refractive index. In this study we evaluate the ESR direct sun products in comparison with the AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) products. Specifically, we have applied the ESR algorithm to a CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM simultaneously for a 4-yr database measured at the Burjassot site (Valencia, Spain), and compared the resultant products with the AERONET direct sun measurements obtained with the same CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. The comparison shows that aerosol optical depth differences are mostly within the nominal uncertainty of 0.003 for a standard calibration instrument, and fall within the nominal AERONET uncertainty of 0.01–0.02 for a field instrument in the spectral range 340 to 1020 nm. In the cases of the Ångström exponent and the columnar water vapor, the differences are lower than 0.02 and 0.15 cm, respectively. Therefore, we present an open source code program that can be used with both CIMEL and PREDE sky radiometers and whose results are equivalent to AERONET and SKYNET retrievals.

Modeling X-ray photoionized plasmas produced at the Sandia Z-facility

In experiments at the high-power Z-facility at Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we have been able to produce a low density photoionized laboratory plasma of Fe mixed with NaF. The conditions in the experiment allow a meaningful comparison with X-ray emission from astrophysical sources. The charge state distributions of Fe, Na and F are determined in this plasma using high resolution X-ray spectroscopy. Independent measurements of the density and radiation flux indicate unprecedented values for the ionization parameter xi = 20-25 erg cm s(-1) under nearly steady-state conditions. First comparisons of the measured charge state distributions with X-ray photoionization models show reasonable agreement, although many questions remain.