Phase relations in the system Cu-Eu-O and thermodynamic properties of CuEu2O4 and CuEuO2

Phase relations in the system Cu-Eu-O have been determined by equilibrating samples of different average composition at 1200 K and by phase analysis after quenching using optical microscopy (OM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX). The equilibration experiments were conducted in evacuated ampoules and under flowing inert gas and pure oxygen. The Cu-Eu alloys were found to be in equilibrium with EuO. The higher oxides of europium, Eu3O4 and Eu2O3, coexist with metallic copper. Two ternary oxides CuEu2O4 and CuEuO2 were found to be stable. The ternary oxide CuEuO2, with copper in the monovalent state, can coexist with Cu, Cu2O, Eu2O3 and CuEu2O4 in different phase fields. The compound CuEu2O4 can be in equilibrium with Cu2O, CuO, CuEuO2, Eu2O3, and O2 gas under different conditions at 1200 K. Thermodynamic properties of the ternary oxides were determined using three solid-state cells based on yttria-stabilized zirconia as the electrolyte in the temperature range from 875 to 1250 K. The cells essentially measure the oxygen chemical potential in the three-phase fields: Cu+Eu2O3+CuEuO2, Cu2O+CuEuO2+CuEu2O4, and Eu2O3+CuEuO2+CuEu2O4. The thermodynamic properties of the ternary oxides can be represented by the equations: $\begin{gathered} {\raise0.5ex\hbox{$Couldn't find \end for begin{gathered} Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) studies in Ar+O2 mixtures confirmed the results from emf measurements. An oxygen potential diagram for the system Cu-Eu-O at 1200 K was evaluated from the results of this study and information available in the literature on the binary phases.

Suppressed rf dissipation in 107Ag17+ ion irradiated Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals by enhanced flux line tilt modulus

We have studied the isothermal, magnetic field (H‖c) dependent rf power P(H) dissipation (Hrf‖a) in the superconducting state of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals prior to and after irradiation with 250 MeV 107Ag17+ ions. In the pristine state, P(H) shows an initial decrease with increase in field, reaches a minimum at HM(T) and increases monotonically for H>HM(T). This behavior arises when the electromagnetic coupling between the pancake vortices in adjacent CuO layers becomes dominant on increasing the field and minimizes the distortions of the flux lines by confining the 2D vortices. In the post irradiated state, such an initial decrease and the minimum in P(H) is not observed but only a much reduced rf dissipation that monotonically increases with field from H = 0 onwards is seen. We attribute this difference to the strong enhancement of the tilt modulus C44 of the flux lines on irradiation when the pancake vortices in adjacent CuO bilayers are pinned along the track forming a well-stacked flux line in the field direction (‖c). We have also observed that the rf dissipation disappears at a certain temperature Tsf, at which the normal core of the flux line becomes commensurate with the columnar track diameter.

Anisotropic electrical transport property in La4BaCu5O13+δ and La4BaCu4NiO13+δ epitaxial thin films

Epitaxial films of La4BaCu5O13+δ and La4BaCu4NiO13+δ oxides are grown with a-b plane parallel to (100) of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 by pulsed-laser deposition. The conductivity measurements performed along the c direction using LaNiO3 as the electrode show metallic behavior whereas they show semiconducting behavior in the a-b plane. Anisotropic transport property of these thin films is explained on the basis of nearly 180° connected Cu–O–Cu chains with an average Cu–O distance of 1.94 Å along the c direction and nearly 180° and 90° connected Cu–O–Cu chains in the a-b plane with short and long Cu–O distances ranging from 1.863 to 2.303 Å. YBa2Cu3O7−x has been grown along (00l) on La4BaCu5O13+δ and shows a Tc of 88 K.

Exfoliation of copper hydroxysalt in water and the conversion of the exfoliated layers to cupric and cuprous oxide nanoparticles

P-aminobenzoate- intercalated copper hydroxysalt was prepared by coprecipitation at high pH (similar to 12). As the pH was reduced to similar to 7 on washing with water, the development of partial positive charge on the amine end of the intercalated anion caused repulsion between the layers leading to delamination and colloidal dispersion of monolayers of copper hydroxysalt in water. The dispersed copper hydroxysalt monolayers were used as precursors for the synthesis of copper(I)/(II) oxide nanoparticles at room temperature. While the hydroxysalt layers yielded spindle-shaped CuO particles when left to stand, they formed hollow spherical nanoparticles of Cu(2)O when treated with an alkaline solution of ascorbic acid.

Non-resonant rf absorption evidence for reentrant melting of vortex lattice in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals

We have studied the magnetic field dependent rf (20 MHz) losses in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals in the low field and high temperature regime. Above HCl the dissipation begins to decrease as the field is increased and exhibits a minimum at HM>HCl. For H>HM the loss increases monotonically. We attribute the decrease in loss above HCl to the stiffening of the vortex lines due to the attractive electromagnetic interaction between the 2D vortices (that comprise the vortex line at low fields) in adjacent CuO bilayers. The minimum at HM implies that the vortex lines are stiffest and hence represents a transition into vortex solid state from the narrow vortex liquid in the vicinity of HCl. The increase in loss for H>HM marks the melting of the vortex lattice and hence a second transition into vortex liquid regime. We discuss our results in the light of recent theory of reentrant melting of the vortex lattice by G. Blatter et al. (Phys. Rev. B 54, 72 (1996)).

Facile synthesis of large area porous Cu2O as super hydrophobic yellow-red phosphors

By employing a thermal oxidation strategy, we have grown large area porous Cu2O from Cu foil. CuO nanorods are grown by heating Cu which were in turn heated in an argon atmosphere to obtain a porous Cu2O layer. The porous Cu2O layer is superhydrophobic and exhibits red luminescence. In contrast, Cu2O obtained by direct heating, is hydrophobic and exhibits yellow luminescence. Two more luminescence bands are observed in addition to red and yellow luminescence, corresponding to the recombination of free and bound excitons. Over all, the porous Cu2O obtained from Cu via CuO nanorods, can serve as a superhydrophobic luminescence/phosphor material.

Synergistic Effect of Mo plus Cu Codoping on the Photocatalytic Behavior of Metastable TiO2 Solid Solutions

Codoping with Cu and Mo is shown to have a synergistic effect on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The enhancement in activity is observed only if the synthesis route results in TiO2 in which (Cu, Mo) codopants are forced into the TiO2 lattice. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Cu and Mo are shown to be present in the +2 and +6 oxidation states, respectively. A systematic study of the ternary system shows that TiO2 containing 6 mol % CuO and 1.5 mol % MoO3 is the most active ternary composition. Ab initio calculations show that codoping of TiO2 using (Mo, Cu) introduces levels above the valence band, and below the conduction band, resulting in a significant reduction in the band gap (similar to 0.8 eV). However, codoping also introduces deep defect states, which can have a deleterious impact on photoactivity. This helps rationalize the narrow compositional window over which the enhancement in photocatalytic activity is observed.

Copper oxide nanoparticles: an antidermatophytic agent for Trichophyton spp.

Copper oxide (CuO) is one of the most important transition metal oxides due to its unique properties. It is used in various technological applications such as high critical temperature, superconductors, gas sensors, in photoconductive applications and so on. Recently, it has been used as an antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic bacteria. In the present investigation, we studied the structural and antidermatophytic properties of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a precipitation technique. Copper sulfate was used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed flower-shaped CuO NPs and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed the crystalline nature of CuO NPs. These NPs were evaluated against two prevalent species of dermatophytes, i.e. Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes by using the broth microdilution technique. Further, the NPs activity was also compared with synthetic sertaconazole. Although better antidermatophytic activity was exhibited with sertaconazole as compared to NPs, being synthetic, sertaconazole may not be preferred, as it shows different adverse effects. Trichophyton mentagrophytes is more susceptible to NPs than T. rubrum. A phylogenetic approach was applied for predicting differences in susceptibility of pathogens.

Prudentia Iuris, 1995, n° 40 (número completo)

Contenido: En defensa de la moralidad del Derecho / Daniel A. Herrera -- Los animales ¿tienen derechos? / Luis María Bandieri -- La estructura del orden moral : una introducción a la ética de cuño aristotélico-tomista / Félix A. Lamas -- Derecho, religión y tolerancia : reflexiones sobre un debate siempre actual / Maricruz Díaz de Terán Velasco -- Los buques públicos y el Derecho Internacional contemporáneo : el caso de la "Fragata ARA Libertad" / Leopoldo M. A. Godio -- El estado de derecho contra el estado de codicia : Edmund Burke contra la Compañía Británica de las Indias Orientales / Jakob Fortunat Stagl -- Los principios jurídicos : revisión histórica y concepción actual desde la perspectiva neoconstitucionalista / Florencia Ratti Mendaña -- Intervención de terceros en el amparo : comunidad de controversias y afectación de derechos / Guillermina Moreno -- Alcance y límites de la interpretación analógica / Juan Carlos Riofrío Martínez Villalba -- La fundamentación eugenésica del Artículo 86, inc. 2, del Código Penal y el fallo "F., A. L. s/medida autosatisfactiva" : convalidación de una teoría aberrante / Patricio J. López Díaz Valentín -- El bien común como fundamento de la responsabilidad del Estado / Florencia Quiroga ; María Ibarzábal ; Belén Abbondanza -- Notas y comentarios -- Documentos -- Recensiones

Proceso acusatorio : ¿hashtag constitucional?

Resumen: El proceso penal de cuño acusatorio no solo es trending topic dada su inminente implementación, sino que también constituye el hashtag más representativo de una Constitución imbuida por el principio republicano de gobierno, la división de poderes y la premisa de no autocontrol. La imparcialidad miliaria de un sistema respetuoso de la separación de funciones (acusación, defensa, juicio) solo puede conquistarse en un modelo de este signo, que a través de otros principios potencia la expresión constitucional al máximum. Empero, un “derecho penal líquido” ligado umbilicalmente a un principio de oportunidad emparentado al modelo acusatorio, nos abre el camino hacia nuevos interrogantes sobre los peligros inherentes a una incertidumbre e inestabilidad normativa, que impedirían solidificar la ley en un bien perdurable. Es que el encumbramiento de una oportunidad oscurantista conduce a la banalización de la justicia, el imperio de la arbitrariedad y una selectividad vacua de contrapesos. De modo que, sin resortes aptos, los vasos capilares y derechos contenidos en la Constitución Nacional resultarán indefectiblemente afectados. Pues si el proceso penal no contempla mecanismos de coagulación eficaz, la liquidez caótica de la ley penal propenderá a desangrar y disolver la manifestación constitucional. Por tanto, el desafío de los ingenieros de los sistemas de administración de justicia consiste en ajustar los paradigmas procesales a los dictámenes de la Ley Materna, con el afán de que ese dar a cada uno lo suyo, definido por el bien común político, se vuelva realidad en cada intervención del Poder Judicial y permita superar falaces antinomias

Derecho natural y ciencia jurídica : consideraciones sobre la ciencia del derecho como ciencia práctica

Resumen: En el trabajo se aborda la vexata quaestio de la cientificidad de la ciencia jurídica, a la que se le impugna la pretensión de ser científica y, a la vez, práctica. Se estudian las impugnaciones realizadas en ese sentido por Claude Lévi-Strauss y Hans Albert, así como los intentos de algunos filósofos del derecho analíticos de superarla a través del análisis lógico del lenguaje jurídico. Se analizan después los cuestionamientos efectuados por algunos representantes de la filosofía hermenéutica, que critican los ensayos analíticos y proponen una concepción interpretativa de la ciencia jurídica. Luego de esta exposición, el A. evalúa las aportaciones analíticas y hermenéuticas, poniendo de relieve sus fortalezas y sus falencias a la hora de establecer el estatuto científico de la ciencia jurídica, para pasar finalmente a proponer una concepción de la ciencia del derecho heredera de la tradición de la filosofía práctica de cuño aristotélico. En este punto, el A. desarrolla —con base en el pensamiento de Tomás de Aquino— una concepción analógica del conocimiento científico y explica de qué modo es posible aplicarla a un saber acerca del derecho que resulte, a la vez, científico y práctico. Finalmente, desenvuelve la necesidad epistémica de una apertura del conocimiento de la ciencia jurídica a los primeros principios prácticos, que la vincula constitutivamente a la doctrina de la ley natural, así como al nivel máximamente determinado de la prudencia jurídica.

Scanning tunneling spectroscopic studies on high-temperature superconductors and Dirac materials

This thesis details the investigations of the unconventional low-energy quasiparticle excitations in electron-type cuprate superconductors and electron-type ferrous superconductors as well as the electronic properties of Dirac fermions in graphene and three-dimensional strong topological insulators through experimental studies using spatially resolved scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) experiments.

Magnetic-field- and temperature-dependent evolution of the spatially resolved quasiparticle spectra in the electron-type cuprate La_0.1Sr_0.9CuO₂ (La-112) T_C = 43 K, are investigated experimentally. For temperature (T) less than the superconducting transition temperature (TC), and in zero field, the quasiparticle spectra of La-112 exhibits gapped behavior with two coherence peaks and no satellite features. For magnetic field measurements at T < TC, first ever observation of vortices in La-112 are reported. Moreover, pseudogap-like spectra are revealed inside the core of vortices, where superconductivity is suppressed. The intra-vortex pseudogap-like spectra are characterized by an energy gap of V_PG = 8.5 ± 0.6 meV, while the inter-vortex quasiparticle spectra shows larger peak-to-peak gap values characterized by Δ_pk-pk(H) >V_PG, and Δ_pk-pk (0)=12.2 ± 0.8 meV > Δ_pk-pk (H > 0). The quasiparticle spectra are found to be gapped at all locations up to the highest magnetic field examined (H = 6T) and reveal an apparent low-energy cutoff at the V_PG energy scale.

Magnetic-field- and temperature-dependent evolution of the spatially resolved quasiparticle spectra in the electron-type "122" iron-based Ba(Fe_1-xCo_x)₂A_s2 are investigated for multiple doping levels (x = 0.06, 0.08, 0.12 with T_C= 14 K, 24 K, and 20 K). For all doping levels and the T < T_C, two-gap superconductivity is observed. Both superconducting gaps decrease monotonically in size with increasing temperature and disappear for temperatures above the superconducting transition temperature, T_C. Magnetic resonant modes that follow the temperature dependence of the superconducting gaps have been identified in the tunneling quasiparticle spectra. Together with quasiparticle interference (QPI) analysis and magnetic field studies, this provides strong evidence for two-gap sign-changing s-wave superconductivity.

Additionally spatial scanning tunneling spectroscopic studies are performed on mechanically exfoliated graphene and chemical vapor deposition grown graphene. In all cases lattice strain exerts a strong influence on the electronic properties of the sample. In particular topological defects give rise to pseudomagnetic fields (B ~ 50 Tesla) and charging effects resulting in quantized conductance peaks associated with the integer and fractional Quantum Hall States.

Finally, spectroscopic studies on the 3D-STI, Bi₂Se₃ found evidence of impurity resonance in the surface state. The impurities are in the unitary limit and the spectral resonances are localized spatially to within ~ 0.2 nm of the impurity. The spectral weight of the impurity resonance diverges as the Fermi energy approaches the Dirac point and the rapid recovery of the surface state suggests robust topological protection against perturbations that preserve time reversal symmetry.

Absorption characteristic and nonvolatile holographic recording in LiNbO3 : Cr : Cu crystals

The absorption characteristic of lithium niobate crystals doped with chromium and copper (Cr and Cu) is investigated. We find that there are two apparent absorption bands for LiNbO3:Cr:Cu crystal doped with 0.14 wt.% Cr2O3 and 0.011 wt.% CuO; one is around 480 nm, and the other is around 660 nm. With a decrease in the doping composition of Cr and an increase in the doping composition of Cu, no apparent absorption band in the shorter wavelength range exists. The higher the doping level of Cr, the larger the absorbance around 660 nm. Although a 633 nm red light is located in the absorption band around 660 nm, the absorption at 633 nm does not help the photorefractive process; i.e., unlike other doubly doped crystals, for example, LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystal, a nonvolatile holographic recording can be realized by a 633 nm red light as the recording light and a 390 nm UV light as the sensitizing light. For LiNbO3:Cr:Cu crystals, by changing the recording light from a 633 nm red light to a 514 nm green light, sensitizing with a 390 nm UV light and a 488 nm blue light, respectively, a nonvolatile holographic recording can be realized. Doping the appropriate Cr (for example, N-Cr = 2.795 X 10(25)m(-3) and N-Cr/N-Cu = 1) benefits the improvement of holographic recording properties. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America.

LiNbO3：Cu：Ce非挥发全息记录掺杂组份比的优化

实验研究了掺杂组份比对LiNbO3：Cu：Ce晶体非挥发全息记录性能的影响。结果表明．在全息记录过程中，掺杂组份比通过改变晶体的紫外光吸收特性而引起全息记录性能的改变。增加LiNbO3：Cu：Ce晶体中Cu和Ce的掺杂组份比会导致晶体对紫外光吸收的增强，进而提高了全息记录灵敏度和固定衍射效率。在弱氧化处理的掺有CuO和Ce2O4的质量分数分别为0.085％和0．011％的LiNbO3：Ce：Cu晶体中．得到了最高的固定衍射效率ηf=32％和记录灵敏度S=0．022cm／J。

LiNbO3：Cr：Cu晶体吸收特性及非挥发全息存储研究

研究了LiNbO3：Cr：Cu晶体的吸收特性，发现LiNbO3：Cr：Cu（含0．14wt．％Cr2O3和0．011wt．％CuO）晶体存在两个明显的吸收峰，中心波长分别位于480nm和660nm；随着Cr的含量逐渐减小，Cu的含量逐渐增大，短波段不存在明显吸收峰，掺Cr的含量越大，中心波长在660nm处的吸收越大；633nm红光虽然位于中心波长为660nm的吸收峰内，但它无助于光折变过程．分别采用390nm紫外光和488nm蓝光作为敏化光，514nm绿光作为记录光的记录方案，实现了非挥发全息记录，掺入适