Chiral Templating Activity of Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Cation in the Design of Three-Dimensional (3D) Optically Active Oxalate-Bridged {[Ru(bpy) 3 ][Cu 2 x Ni 2(1 - x ) (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ]} n (0 ≤ x ≤ 1; bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine): Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Studies

Three-dimensional oxalate-based {[Ru(bpy)3][Cu2xNi2(1-x)(ox)3]}n (0≤ x ≤ 1, ox = C2O42-, bpy = 2,2‘bipyridine) were synthesized. The structure was determined for x = 1 by X-ray diffraction on single crystal. The compound crystallizes in the cubic space group P4132. It shows a three-dimensional 10-gon 3-connected (10,3) anionic network where copper(II) has an unusual tris(bischelated) environment. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and their Rietveld refinement show that all the compounds along the series are isostructural and single-phased. According to X-ray absorption spectroscopy, copper(II) and nickel(II) have an octahedral environment, respectively elongated and trigonally distorted. As shown by natural circular dichroism, the optically active forms of {[Ru(bpy)3][CuxNi2(1-x)(ox)3]}n are obtained starting from resolved Δ- or Λ-[Ru(bpy)3]2+. The Curie−Weiss temperatures range between −55 (x = 1) and −150 K (x = 0). The antiferromagnetic exchange interaction thus decreases when the copper contents increases in agreement with the crystallographic structure of the compounds and the electronic structure of the metal ions. At low temperature, the compounds exhibit complex long-range ordered magnetic behavior.

A hardware in the loop design methodology for FPGA system and its application to complex functions

In this work, a unified algorithm-architecture-circuit co-design environment for complex FPGA system development is presented. The main objective is to find an efficient methodology for designing a configurable optimized FPGA system by using as few efforts as possible in verification stage, so as to speed up the development period. A proposed high performance FFT/iFFT processor for Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Ultra Wideband (MB-OFDM UWB) system design process is given as an example to demonstrate the proposed methodology. This efficient design methodology is tested and considered to be suitable for almost all types of complex FPGA system designs and verifications.

On the design of a planar phased array radar antenna architecture for space debris situational awareness

The Space Situational Awareness (SSA) program from the European Space Agency (ESA) protects Europe's citizens and their satellite-based services by detecting space hazards. ESA Ground Systems (GS) division is currently designing a phased array radar composed of thousands of radiating elements for future stages of the SSA program [1]. The radar shall guarantee the detection of most of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space debris, providing a general map of space junk. While range accuracy is mainly dictated by the radar waveform, the detection and tracking of small objects in LEO regimes is highly dependent on the angular accuracy achieved by the smart phased array antenna, demonstrating the important of the performance of this architecture.

Design techniques for xilinx virtex FPGA configuration memory scrubbers

SRAM-based FPGAs are in-field reconfigurable an unlimited number of times. This characteristic, together with their high performance and high logic density, proves to be very convenient for a number of ground and space level applications. One drawback of this technology is that it is susceptible to ionizing radiation, and this sensitivity increases with technology scaling. This is a first order concern for applications in harsh radiation environments, and starts to be a concern for high reliability ground applications. Several techniques exist for coping with radiation effects at user application. In order to be effective they need to be complemented with configuration memory scrubbing, which allows error mitigation and prevents failures due to error accumulation. Depending on the radiation environment and on the system dependability requirements, the configuration scrubber design can become more or less complex. This paper classifies and presents current and novel design methodologies and architectures for SRAM-based FPGAs, and in particular for Xilinx Virtex-4QV/5QV, configuration memory scrubbers.

Bio-climatic Design Handbook: designing public space to reach urban sustainability.

The "Bio-climatic Design Handbook: guidelines for the development of planning regulations" is a tool for urban planning and design professionals planning for the construction of public space taking into account bioclimatic and environmental standards. Based on environmental conditions assessment, urban design guidelines are given. These take into account various scales; from the territory to the microclimatic reality. From these general keys for the design of public space the handbook performs recommendations on specific case studies. The application of bioclimatic techniques in urban design promotes comfort in the public space and the respect for the existing environment, while it influences the energy consumption of buildings that conform this open space. The tool was developed in the context of BIOURB project, where Spain and Portugal cooperate writing this bilingual handbook. The case studies are located in this cross-border region.

Análisis de sistemas eléctricos en microsatélites. Desarrollo de módulos para una Concurrent Design Facility (CFD)para el desarrollo y análisis de misiones espaciales = Analysis of microsatellites power subsystems (battery testing). Development and programming of a new Propulsion Module for a space mission Concurrent Design Facility (CDF)

El objetivo de este proyecto es recoger y explicar el conjunto de tareas realizadas durante el proceso de colaboración llevado a cabo en el Instituto de Microgravedad “Ignacio Da Riva” durante el curso académico 2014/2015, las cuales han conformado las prácticas externas cursadas en la titulación de Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial, y el Trabajo de Fin de Grado de la misma titulación. En este documento se pretende,además, poner de manifiesto la rigurosidad con la que se trabaja en el ámbito espacial y la importancia de los protocolos y procedimientos para asegurar un resultado adecuado en los trabajos realizados. Una parte importante del proyecto detalla los procesos de monitorización y mantenimiento de la batería del satélite universitario UPMSat-2 cuyo lanzamiento está previsto para el año próximo y el cual será el segundo satélite del mundo en incorporar una batería de Ión-Litio.

Análisis de sistemas eléctricos en microsatélites. Desarrollo de módulos para una Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) para desarrollo y análisis de misiones espaciales = Analysis of microsatellites power subsystems (battery testing). Development and programming of a new Orbit Design Module for a space mission Concurrent Design Facility (CDF)

El presente proyecto se ha realizado durante las prácticas curriculares que han tenido lugar en el Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad “Ignacio Da Riva” (IDR/UPM). A lo largo de estas prácticas se han llevado a cabo trabajos en diversos campos, todos relacionados con el UPMSat-2, desde el subsistema de potencia (placas solares y baterías) hasta el desarrollo de módulos para la Sala de Diseño Concurrente (Concurrent Design Facility, CDF). En la realización de las mismas se ha trabajado en equipo, junto con otros dos alumnos. El objetivo del proyecto es recopilar las tareas realizadas, proporcionando el desarrollo teórico necesario para llevar a cabo todas ellas. Al ser un trabajo con varias partes claramente diferenciadas, se ha optado por comenzar con unas páginas dedicadas a las misiones espaciales. A continuación el trabajo se adentra en el subsistema de potencia de un satélite, particularizando para el UPMSat-2. Finalmente, se proporciona la teoría necesaria para el desarrollo del módulo de misión de la CDF del IDR/UPM, software que se ha desarrollado y tiene reservado un espacio al final, en el cual se describe el programa y se realizan comparaciones de los resultados que proporciona frente a casos reales.

Análisis en sistemas eléctricos en microsatélites. Desarrollo de módulos para una Concurrent Design Facility (CDF) para desarrollo y análisis de misiones espaciales = Analysis of microsatellites power subsystems (battery testing). Development and programming of a new Orbit Design Module for a space mission Concurrent Design Facility (CDF)

El objetivo de este trabajo de fin de grado es la exposición de los resultados y conclusiones, fruto de las tareas desarrolladas durante las practicas curriculares en el Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad “Ignacio Da Riva” (IDR/UPM) el presente curso académico. La estructura del trabajo se compone de dos bloques diferenciados entre sí: el seguimiento de una batería y el desarrollo de un módulo para una CDF.

High-brightness all semiconductor laser at 1.57 µm for space-borne lidar measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide: device design and analysis of requirements

The availability of suitable laser sources is one of the main challenges in future space missions for accurate measurement of atmospheric CO2. The main objective of the European project BRITESPACE is to demonstrate the feasibility of an all-semiconductor laser source to be used as a space-borne laser transmitter in an Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar system. We present here the proposed transmitter and system architectures, the initial device design and the results of the simulations performed in order to estimate the source requirements in terms of power, beam quality, and spectral properties to achieve the required measurement accuracy. The laser transmitter is based on two InGaAsP/InP monolithic Master Oscillator Power Amplifiers (MOPAs), providing the ON and OFF wavelengths close to the selected absorption line around 1.57 µm. Each MOPA consists of a frequency stabilized Distributed Feedback (DFB) master oscillator, a modulator section, and a tapered semiconductor amplifier optimized to maximize the optical output power. The design of the space-compliant laser module includes the beam forming optics and the thermoelectric coolers.The proposed system replaces the conventional pulsed source with a modulated continuous wave source using the Random Modulation-Continuous Wave (RM-CW) approach, allowing the designed semiconductor MOPA to be applicable in such applications. The system requirements for obtaining a CO2 retrieval accuracy of 1 ppmv and a spatial resolution of less than 10 meters have been defined. Envelope estimated of the returns indicate that the average power needed is of a few watts and that the main noise source is the ambient noise.

Rigorous Design of Complex Distillation Columns Using Process Simulators and the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

We present a derivative-free optimization algorithm coupled with a chemical process simulator for the optimal design of individual and complex distillation processes using a rigorous tray-by-tray model. The proposed approach serves as an alternative tool to the various models based on nonlinear programming (NLP) or mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) . This is accomplished by combining the advantages of using a commercial process simulator (Aspen Hysys), including especially suited numerical methods developed for the convergence of distillation columns, with the benefits of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) metaheuristic algorithm, which does not require gradient information and has the ability to escape from local optima. Our method inherits the superstructure developed in Yeomans, H.; Grossmann, I. E.Optimal design of complex distillation columns using rigorous tray-by-tray disjunctive programming models. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.2000, 39 (11), 4326–4335, in which the nonexisting trays are considered as simple bypasses of liquid and vapor flows. The implemented tool provides the optimal configuration of distillation column systems, which includes continuous and discrete variables, through the minimization of the total annual cost (TAC). The robustness and flexibility of the method is proven through the successful design and synthesis of three distillation systems of increasing complexity.

Use of space by domestic chicks housed in complex aviaries.

To improve the understanding of the development of locomotor capacity in layer hens, we measured how female laying hen chicks (n=120) of four different strains (LSL-lite, Hyline Brown, Dekalb White, Lohmann Brown; 3 groups of 10 chicks per line) utilized the ground, the air, elevated horizontal (platforms and perches) and inclined surfaces (ramps and ladders) in an aviary until 9 weeks of age. We used infra-red video recordings to perform all-occurrences sampling of locomotive behavioural and perching events that occurred on the ground—where bedding material, food and water were provided, in the air, and on elevated horizontal and inclined surfaces within weekly 30-min sampling periods. Chicks preferred level ground during the first week of life compared to weeks 5–9 (P<0.0001) and performed 52% of all behavioural events in this section. Elevated surface use began at 2 weeks of age and increased over time (P=0.003), where most behaviour was performed in S2 (45% of all events). Chicks preferred horizontal to inclined surfaces, which were used from weeks 2–5 with maximum use occurring during weeks 2 and 3. Lohmann LSL chicks used the space above the ground most frequently (P=0.05) and performed more aerial ascent/descent behaviour than other lines (P<0.0001). Overall activity levels declined with age (P<0.0001). In summary layer chicks almost exclusively locomoted on the ground but utilized elevated horizontal surfaces (perch, first platform) as early as 2 weeks. These results provide information for improving space use in rearing aviaries by introducing lower perches, platforms and ramps/ladders to accommodate age-dependent locomotor abilities.

Space for living; creative interior decoration and design

"First edition."

Structural design criteria applicable to a space shuttle.

Cover title.

Space vehicle displays design criteria.

"Prepared under the direction of an advisory committee chaired by Dr. Jerome I. Elkind...Preparation of the monograph was directed by Dr. Thomas J. Triggs at Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc."

Design of underground installations in rock; space layouts and excavation methods.

Mode of access: Internet.