Acute and chronic nervous signs in cattle associated with Phalaris angusta poisoning in Argentina

Phalaris angusta is a South American natural grass that produces poisoning in sheep and cattle in Argentina and Brazil. Phalaris spp. can produce unrelated forms of poisoning in ruminants, acute and chronic syndromes. The objective of this paper was to describe an outbreak of acute and chronic Phalaris nervous syndrome in 53 of 980 fattening steers and heifers in a farm of Buenos Aires province. On September of 2006 the animals developed nervous signs and died after 3-5 days. The herd was removed to a phalarisfree pasture. Three months later (on December) 15 new clinical cases developed in the herd. Necropsy performed in one affected calf showed neither grossly nor microscopic changes. Microscopically, there were no major alterations in tissues. Nervous signs had been described in some field cases where neither pigment deposition nor axonal degeneration could be detected. Clinical findings displayed by affected cattle after consumption of Phalaris angusta pastures resemble those observed by other authors in Phalaris staggers. This is the first report in Argentina where both syndromes were seen in the same herd.

Comparaison de différents traitements psychologiques dans l'endométriose

Cette thèse avait pour but premier d’évaluer la douleur chronique endométriosique et ses concomitants (dépression, anxiété et stress), les conséquences de la douleur sur le physique, les activités et le travail, sur la relation maritale et les séquelles sur la qualité de vie chez des participantes souffrant de douleurs pelviennes chroniques diagnostiquées endométriose (laparoscopie). En deuxième lieu, il s’agissait d’évaluer et de comparer l’efficacité des techniques psychologiques de contrôle de la douleur (Hypnose, Cognitif-behavioral) en ajout aux traitements médicaux à un groupe contrôle (Attention thérapeute). L’échantillon était composé de 60 femmes réparties aléatoirement soit à l’un des deux groupes de traitement ou au groupe contrôle. Les instruments de mesure étaient tous des questionnaires déjà traduits en français et validés pour la population francophone québécoise. Des tests du khi-carré ont été effectués pour les variables nominales et des analyses de variances (ANOVA) ont été faites pour les variables continues. Dans des modèles ANOVA estimant l’effet du traitement, du temps et de leur interaction, une différence significative (effet de Groupe ou traitement) a été trouvée pour les variables suivantes : Douleur (McGill :composante évaluative p = 0.02), au moment « présent » de l’Échelle visuelle analogique (EVA, p = 0.05) et dans l’Échelle de Qualité de vie (douleur, p = 0,03) ainsi qu’à la dimension Fonctionnement social de cette dernière échelle (SF-36; p = 0,04). En comparant les données en pré et post-traitement, des résultats significatifs au niveau du Temps ont aussi été mis en évidence pour les variables suivantes : Douleur McGill: Score total, (p = 0,03), Affective (p = 0,04), Évaluative (p = 0,01); Douleur (ÉVA) moment Fort (p < 0,0005), Dépression (p = 0,005), Anxiété (situationnelle/état (p = 0,002), Anxiété/trait (p < 0,001), Stress (p = 0, 003) ainsi que pour quatre composantes de la Qualité de vie (Fonctionnement social, (p = 0,05), Vitalité (p = 0,002), Douleur, (p = 0,003) et Changement de la santé (p < 0,001) et ceci pour les trois groupes à l’exception du groupe Hypnose sur cette dernière variable. Des effets d’Interaction (Groupe X Temps) sont ressortis sur les variables « Conséquences physiques » de la douleur mais sur la dimension « Activités » seulement (p = 0,02), sur l’anxiété situationnelle (État : p = 0,007). Un effet d’interaction se rapprochant de la signification (p = 0,08) a aussi été analysé pour la variable Fonctionnement social (SF-36). L’étude montre une légère supériorité quant au traitement Cognitif-behavioral pour l’anxiété situationnelle, pour le Fonctionnement social et pour la douleur mesurée par le SF-36. L’étude présente des forces (groupe homogène, essai clinique prospectif, répartition aléatoire des participantes et groupe contrôle) mais aussi des lacunes (faible échantillon et biais potentiels reliés à l’expérimentateur et à l’effet placebo). Toute future étude devrait tenir compte de biais potentiels quant au nombre d’expérimentateur et inclure un groupe placebo spécifique aux études à caractère psychologique. Une future étude devrait évaluer le schème cognitif « catastrophisation » impliqué dans la douleur, les traits de personnalité des participantes ainsi que le rôle du conjoint. De plus, des techniques psychologiques (entrevues motivationnelles) récentes utilisées dans plusieurs études devraient aussi être prises en considérations. Tout de même des résultats significatifs offrent des pistes intéressantes pour un essai clinique comportant un échantillon plus élevé et pour un suivi à long terme.

Cirugía abierta como manejo de enfermedad varicosa pélvica

El dolor pélvico crónico es un motivo frecuente de consulta, que está presente hasta en un 40% de las mujeres, y que afecta de manera considerable su calidad de vida. El síndrome de congestión pélvica asociado a varices constituye un factor etiológico de esta patología; sin embargo, existe poca evidencia que describa la eficacia y seguridad de la técnica quirúrgica abierta. Este estudio evalúa los resultados clínicos de la cirugía abierta para el manejo de las várices pélvicas. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con 94 pacientes con varices gonadales, sometidas a cirugía abierta. Se evaluaron los hallazgos del método diagnóstico, los hallazgos intraoperatorios, y la evolución post operatoria. Resultados: El 85% de las pacientes presentó reflujo bilateral, y 15% reflujo unilateral. Más del 70% reportó presencia de dolor pélvico mayor a 6 meses, dispareunia, dismenorrea, y síntomas urinarios. Se demostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando se compararon los diámetros reportados en el dúplex, con los medidos intra operatoriamente, específicamente en las mediciones de la vena gonadal derecha, tanto en pacientes con reflujo unilateral (p=0.022) como bilateral (p= 0.017). El 92% de las pacientes presentó mejoría de los síntomas posterior al tratamiento quirúrgico. Conclusiones: La ligadura de las venas ováricas por cirugía abierta es una alternativa terapéutica para el tratamiento de las várices pélvicas, con resultados que demuestran mejoría sintomática importante. El dúplex constituye un método diagnóstico útil, aunque el diámetro de las venas gonadales puede ser subestimado. Palabras clave: varices gonadales, dolor pélvico crónico, síndrome de congestión, pélvica, cirugía abierta

Factores asociados al dolor crónico posoperatorio en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia inguinal

Introducción: La herniorrafia inguinal se asocia hasta en un 50% de los casos con dolor crónico posoperatorio (DCP), y en algunos puede ser incapacitante. En este estudio se evaluaron los factores asociados al DCP en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia inguinal. Métodología: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte multicéntrico. Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica y de antecedentes personales. Se determinó la presencia e intensidad de dolor agudo posoperatorio (DAP) y se evaluaron los factores asociados al DCP con seguimiento a los dos meses del posoperatorio. Se establecieron asociaciones con la prueba chi cuadrado. Mediante una regresión lineal se evaluó el papel de los factores de confusión. Resultados: Se analizaron 108 pacientes. 54.7% presentaron DCP. La edad menor de 40 años, el DAP no controlado, el DAP severo, y el dolor no controlado entre la primera y tercera semanas del POP se relacionaron con mayor riesgo de DCP. La edad mayor a 65, el uso de opioides intratecales, la visualización y preservación de los nervios durante la cirugía, y el uso de tres o más analgésicos intravenosos con bloqueo ilioinguinal/iliohipogástrico fueron factores protectores. Discusión: El DCP es frecuente en nuestro medio. La prevención y manejo eficientes del DAP utilizando analgesia multimodal, el uso de opioide intratecal, y la identificación y preservación de los nervios en el área quirúrgica ayudan a prevenir el desarrollo de DCP. Estudios de este tipo realizados a una escala más grande, permitirán identificar otros factores relacionados con esta patología. Palabras clave: Dolor crónico postoperatorio, herniorrafia inguinal, inguinodina, factores asociados.

HDAC inhibitors attenuate the development of hypersensitivity in models of neuropathic pain

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) interfere with the epigenetic process of histone acetylation and are known to have analgesic properties in models of chronic inflammatory pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether these compounds could also affect neuropathic pain. Different class I HDACIs were delivered intrathecally into rat spinal cord in models of traumatic nerve injury and antiretroviral drug-induced peripheral neuropathy (stavudine, d4T). Mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity was attenuated by 40% to 50% as a result of HDACI treatment, but only if started before any insult. The drugs globally increased histone acetylation in the spinal cord, but appeared to have no measurable effects in relevant dorsal root ganglia in this treatment paradigm, suggesting that any potential mechanism should be sought in the central nervous system. Microarray analysis of dorsal cord RNA revealed the signature of the specific compound used (MS-275) and suggested that its main effect was mediated through HDAC1. Taken together, these data support a role for histone acetylation in the emergence of neuropathic pain.

Manejo da dor inguinal crônica pós-hernioplastia (inguinodinia)

A dor inguinal crônica pós-herniorrafia é uma situação preocupante, pois aproximadamente 10% dos pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia inguinal apresenta os sintomas, que com frequência limita a capacidade física. A etiopatogênese está relacionada a uma periostite do púbis (dor somática) e mais frequentemente à lesão nervosa (dor neuropática). É importante distinguir clinicamente entre os dois tipos de dor, pois o tratamento pode ser diferente. O médico deve estabelecer uma rotina diagnóstica e de tratamento, sendo que a maior parte dos pacientes necessitarão de terapêutica cirúrgica. A prevenção desta condição é de grande importância e pode levar a uma menor incidência da síndrome. Algumas medidas são fundamentais, como evitar pontos ou clipes no periósteo do púbis, usar criteriosamente as próteses e identificar os nervos da região inguinal. Esta última medida é certamente a mais importante na prevenção da dor crônica e implica em conhecimento profundo da anatomia e o uso de uma técnica aprimorada.

Appendiceal endometriosis as a rare cause of abdominal pain - a case report and literature review

Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, common in young women, characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. This ectopic endometrial tissue is most commonly found in the ovaries, peritoneum, uterosacral ligaments and rectovaginal cul-de-sac, with extremely rare involvement of the appendix. The main symptom is chronic abdominal pain, and the diagnosis is often made later, after the result of the histopathological examination. This study reports a 34-year-old patient complaining of chronic pelvic pain refractory to medical treatment, having undergone diagnostic laparotomy. During the surgery, we observed the presence of endometrioma fixed to the uterine wall, and the appendix was enlarged, but without evidence of inflammation. Endometrioma resection and appendectomy were performed, with good postoperative recovery. The anatomopathological exam showed endometriosis in the cecal appendix.

Impacto da dor miofascial no hábito alimentar

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Dor abdominal crônica, dispepsia não ulcerosa e infecção pelo Helicobacter pylori em crianças e adolescentes

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB

Onset of quadriceps and torque variation in individuals with patellofemoral pain during stair ascent

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

The peripheral L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway and ATP-sensitive K+ channels are involved in the antinociceptive effect of crotalphine on neuropathic pain in rats

Crotalphine, a 14 amino acid peptide first isolated from the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus, induces a peripheral long-lasting and opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive effect in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve. In the present study, we further characterized the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect, determining the type of opioid receptor responsible for this effect and the involvement of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway and of K+ channels. Crotalphine (0.2 or 5 mu g/kg, orally; 0.0006 mu g/paw), administered on day 14 after nerve constriction, inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and low-threshold mechanical allodynia. The effect of the peptide was antagonized by intraplantar administration of naltrindole, an antagonist of delta-opioid receptors, and partially reversed by norbinaltorphimine, an antagonist of kappa-opioid receptors. The effect of crotalphine was also blocked by 7-nitroindazole, an inhibitor of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase; by 1H-(1,2,4) oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-one, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase activation; and by glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker. The results suggest that peripheral delta-opioid and kappa-opioid receptors, the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway, and ATP-sensitive K+ channels are involved in the antinociceptive effect of crotalphine. The present data point to the therapeutic potential of this peptide for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. Behavioural Pharmacology 23:14-24 (C) 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Frontal Plane Biomechanics in Males and Females with and without Patellofemoral Pain

NAKAGAWA, T. H., E. T. U. MORIYA, C. D. MACIEL, and F. V. SERRAO. Frontal Plane Biomechanics in Males and Females with and without Patellofemoral Pain. Med. Sci. Sports &ere., Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 1747-1755, 2012. Purpose: The study's purpose was to compare trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee frontal plane biomechanics in males and females with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during stepping. Methods: Eighty recreational athletes were equally divided into four groups: female PFPS, female controls, male PFPS, and male controls. Trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee frontal plane kinematics and activation of the gluteus medius were evaluated at 15 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees of knee flexion during the downward and upward phases of the stepping task. Isometric hip abductor torque was also evaluated. Results: Females showed increased hip adduction and knee abduction at all knee flexion angles, greater ipsilateral trunk lean and contralateral pelvic drop from 60 degrees of knee flexion till the end of the stepping task (P = 0.027-0.001), diminished hip abductor torque (P < 0.001), and increased gluteus medius activation than males (P = 0.008-0.001). PFPS subjects presented increased knee abduction at all the angles evaluated; greater trunk, pelvis, and hip motion from 45 of knee flexion of the downward phase till the end of the maneuver; and diminished gluteus medius activation at 60 degrees of knee flexion, compared with controls (P = 0.034-0.001). Females with PFPS showed lower hip abductor torque compared with the other groups. Conclusions: Females presented with altered frontal plane biomechanics that may predispose them to knee injury. PFPS subjects showed frontal plane biomechanics that could increase the lateral patellofemoral joint stress at all the angles evaluated and could increase even more from 45 degrees of knee flexion in the downward phase untill the end of the maneuver. Hip abductor strengthening and motor control training should be considered when treating females with PFPS.

Eficácia da desativação dos pontos-gatilho miofasciais para o controle do zumbido

Dor crônica nas imediações do ouvido pode influenciar o zumbido. OBJETIVO: Investigar a eficácia da desativação de pontos-gatilho miofasciais na melhora do zumbido. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico randomizado com 71 pacientes com zumbido e síndrome dolorosa miofascial. O Grupo Experimental (n = 37) foi submetido a 10 sessões de desativação dos pontos-gatilho miofasciais e o Grupo Controle (n = 34), a 10 sessões de desativação placebo. RESULTADOS: O tratamento do Grupo Experimental foi eficaz para o controle do zumbido (p < 0,001). Houve associação entre as melhoras de dor e zumbido (p = 0,013) e entre os lados da orelha com pior zumbido e do corpo com mais dor (p < 0,001). A presença de modulação (aumento ou diminuição) temporária do zumbido durante a palpação inicial dos pontos foi frequente em ambos os grupos, mas a diminuição temporária foi associada à melhora persistente do zumbido ao fim do tratamento (p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO: Além da avaliação médica e audiológica, os pacientes com zumbido devem ser avaliados para: 1) presença de dor miofascial próxima à orelha; 2) lateralidade entre ambos os sintomas; 3) diminuição temporária do zumbido durante a palpação do músculo dolorido. O tratamento deste subgrupo de pacientes pode ter melhor prognóstico que os demais.

Ultrasound anatomy of the nerves supplying the cervical zygapophyseal joints: an exploratory study

Nerve blocks and radiofrequency neurotomy of the nerves supplying the cervical zygapophyseal joints are validated tools for diagnosis and treatment of chronic neck pain, respectively. Unlike fluoroscopy, ultrasound may allow visualization of the target nerves, thereby potentially improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy of the procedures. The aims of this exploratory study were to determine the ultrasound visibility of the target nerves in chronic neck pain patients and to describe the variability of their course in relation to the fluoroscopically used bony landmarks.

Sonographic visualization and ultrasound-guided block of the third occipital nerve: prospective for a new method to diagnose C2-C3 zygapophysial joint pain

BACKGROUND: Chronic neck pain after whiplash injury is caused by cervical zygapophysial joints in 50% of patients. Diagnostic blocks of nerves supplying the joints are performed using fluoroscopy. The authors' hypothesis was that the third occipital nerve can be visualized and blocked with use of an ultrasound-guided technique. METHODS: In 14 volunteers, the authors placed a needle ultrasound-guided to the third occipital nerve on both sides of the neck. They punctured caudal and perpendicular to the 14-MHz transducer. In 11 volunteers, 0.9 ml of either local anesthetic or normal saline was applied in a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner. Anesthesia was controlled in the corresponding skin area by pinprick and cold testing. The position of the needle was controlled by fluoroscopy. RESULTS: The third occipital nerve could be visualized in all subjects and showed a median diameter of 2.0 mm. Anesthesia was missing after local anesthetic in only one case. There was neither anesthesia nor hyposensitivity after any of the saline injections. The C2-C3 joint, in a transversal plane visualized as a convex density, was identified correctly by ultrasound in 27 of 28 cases, and 23 needles were placed correctly into the target zone. CONCLUSIONS: The third occipital nerve can be visualized and blocked with use of an ultrasound-guided technique. The needles were positioned accurately in 82% of cases as confirmed by fluoroscopy; the nerve was blocked in 90% of cases. Because ultrasound is the only available technique today to visualize this nerve, it seems to be a promising new method for block guidance instead of fluoroscopy.