Frequency of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by computed skull tomography in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

Due to the lack of studies about neurocysticercosis in the South of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to determine the percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis in computed tomography diagnoses in Santa Maria, RS, from January 1997 to December 1998. Of 6300 computed tomographies (CT) of the skull performed at the private Hospital de Caridade Astrogildo de Azevedo, 80, i.e., 1.27% were suspected of neurocysticercosis. Fifty were women (62.5%) and 30 were men (37.5%). The most frequent radiological manifestation indicating neurocysticercosis was the presence of calcifications (isolated or associated), with a 95% rate (76 cases), while the presence of hypodense lesions reached a 5% rate (4 cases). After routine analysis, each CT was evaluated again and the suspected cases were confirmed. The percentage of suspected cases of neurocysticercosis detected by CT in the present study carried out in Santa Maria was considered low (1.27%). This can be explained by the fact that tomography is not accessible to the economically underprivileged population of Santa Maria. We hope that the present study can alert the population and the professionals to the fact that neurocysticercosis is a more frequent disease than indicated by the few diagnoses made.

ARCHI-AVE: património documental da bacia do Ave: estudo orgânico-funcional e tratamento documental

Relatório de Estágio

Aproveitamento hidroelétrico da bacia do douro: um olhar crítico

No presente artigo, faz-se uma breve resenha histórica da evolução do aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos nacionais em termos hidroelétricos, bem como uma análise da situação atual. Dá-se particular destaque à vertente hidroelétrica, mas não se limita a ela. Mostra-se a insuficiência das obras hidráulicas até agora realizadas a nível das nossas principais bacias, em particular no caso da bacia portuguesa do Douro, e alerta-se para as nefastas consequências que poderiam advir caso a situação não se alterasse. O PNBEPH aprovado em 2007 veio contribuir para relançar esta importante temática, a qual pareceu inexplicavelmente esquecida durante quase duas décadas, por parte das entidades às quais competia zelar pelo interesse público e pela salvaguarda dos legítimos direitos e expectativas das populações nacionais.

Study of enteroparasites infection frequency and chemotherapeutic agents used in pediatric patients in a community living in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

Parasitic infections caused by intestinal protozoan and helminths affect more than two billion people worldwide and chemotherapy is the most commonly used therapeutic procedure. Considering the problems created by parasitic infections and the incorrect use of drugs, the aim of this work was to detect the frequency of enteroparasites infection and to estimate the use of chemotherapeutic agents in children living in the periphery of the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Ninety-six preschool age children, who had parasitological exams and who used antiparasitic drugs, were analyzed. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by stool examination repeated six months after treatment. The same diagnostic test was used to evaluate parasitological cure, which was defined as absence of eggs and cysts in the stool. From these children, 79 (82.3%) were contaminated by some species of parasite, the most prevalent were Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Giardia lamblia. The most commonly used drugs were mebendazole (86% of prescriptions) and metronidazole (30.3%). The cure rate in the 79 children, examined 6 months after treatment, was 65.3% for A. lumbricoides and 66.1% for T. trichiura. This study suggests that a continuous education program regarding the prevention and treatment of parasitic infections is an essential tool for their eradication.

Contribuição para a análise espacial da distribuição, variação e evolução da precipitação anual na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Mira: Projecto PREMIRA II

Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território

GEOKWANZA: Desenvolvimento de um WebSIG para a geologia sedimentar da bacia sedimentar do Kwanza

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

High prevalence and association of HIV-1 non-B subtype with specific sexual transmission risk among antiretroviral naïve patients in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

In South Brazil the circulation of two HIV-1 subtypes with different characteristics represents an important scenario for the study of the impact of HIV-1 diversity on the evolution of the HIV-1 epidemic and AIDS disease. HIV-1 B, the predominant variant in industrialized countries and HIV-1 C, the most prevalent subtype in areas with rapid epidemic growth, are implicated in most infections. We evaluated blood samples from 128 antiretroviral (ARV) naïve patients recruited at entry to the largest HIV outpatient service in Porto Alegre. Based on partial pol region sequencing, HIV-1 C was observed in 29%, HIV-1 B in 22.6% and, the recently identified CRF31_BC, in 23.4% of 128 volunteers. Other variants were HIV-1 F in 10% and other mosaics in 5.5%. In order to evaluate the association of socio-behavioral characteristics and HIV-1 subtypes, interviews and laboratory evaluation were performed at entry. Our data suggest an established epidemic of the three major variants, without any evidence of partitioning in either of the subgroups analyzed. However, anal sex practices were associated with subtype B, which could indicate a greater transmissibility of non-B variants by vaginal intercourse. This study provides baseline information for epidemiologic surveillance of the changes of the molecular characteristics of HIV-1 epidemics in this region.

FUNGI ISOLATED FROM THE EXCRETA OF WILD BIRDS IN SCREENING CENTERS IN PELOTAS, RS, BRAZIL

The identification of the fungal species belonging to the healthy microflora in animals is a precondition for the recognition of pathological processes causing them. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the feces of wild birds collected in Screening Centers. Samples were collected from the feces of 50 cages with different species of birds. The samples were processed according to the modified method STAIB and the plates incubated at 32 °C for up to ten days with daily observation for detection of fungal growth. The isolation of the following species was observed: Malassezia pachydermatis, Candida albicans, C. famata, C. guilliermondii, C. sphaerica, C. globosa, C. catenulata, C. ciferri, C. intermedia, Cryptococcus laurentii, Trichosporon asahii, Geotrichum klebahnii, Aspergillus spp., A. niger and Penicillium spp. Knowing the character of some opportunistic fungi is important in identifying them, facilitating the adoption of preventive measures, such as proper cleaning of cages, since the accumulation of excreta may indicate a risk for both health professionals and centers for screening public health.

Uma proposta metodológica para a alteração da cartografia do plano de ordenamento da bacia hidrográfica da Lagoa das Furnas (São Miguel, Açores)

Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

Prevalência sorológica da doença de Chagas e correlação sorológica-eletrocardiográfica em populações não selecionadas, do município de São Lourenço do Sul-RS

De um total de 545 amostras de sangue, colhidas ao acaso entre a população rural do município de São Lourenço do Sul (RS) e submetidas a reação de fixação de complemento, 21 reagiram positivamente para a Doença de Chagas (3,85%). Não houve diferença significativa com relação ao sexo, cor ou etnia, dos examinados. Os índices de prevalência mostraram-se mais elevados nas zonas periféricas do município, contíguas as áreas endêmicas dos municípios vizinhos. A análise dos eletrocardiogramas revelou 57,4% de alterações nos positivos contra 26,72% nos negativos com diferença estatisticamente significativa a favor dos positivos. A medida de tensão arterial mostrou que entre 442 pessoas acima dos 18 anos, 154 (34,84%) apresentaram valores tensionais aumentados, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos ou os grupos étnicos.

Avaliação de recursos hídricos e viabilidade da recarga artificial de aquíferos na bacia hidrográfica dos engenhos na Ilha de Santiago - Cabo Verde

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão da Água

A tecnologia SIG aplicada ao estudo da vulnerabilidade à poluição das águas subterrâneas na bacia hidrográfica das Ribeiras do Oeste

Trabalho de Projeto apresentado como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

Contribuição para avaliação e gestão de riscos de inundações. Caso de estudo: bacia hidrográfica do rio Nabão

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente - Perfil de Gestão e Sistemas Ambientais