Tietojohtaminen vaatimusmäärittelyn tukena ICT-alan yrityksen toimintaympäristön muutoksessa

Työn lähtökohtana on ICT-alan yrityksen AinaCom Oy:n toimintaympäristön muutos, ja siihen toteutettava vaatimusmäärittely. Vaatimusmäärittelyn toteutukseen otetaan tueksi tietojohtaminen, jonka avulla saadaan syvyyttä perinteiseen vaatimusmäärittelyyn. Sekä vaatimusmäärittelyä että toimintaympäristön muutosta, tarkemmin ERP (Enteprise Resource Planning) toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä-projektia, tehostetaan tietojohtamisen keinoin. Työn tavoitteena on selvittää miten tietojohtaminen voidaan ottaa vaatimusmäärittelyn tueksi toimintaympäristön muutoksessa. Sekä kirjallisuuskatsauksen että AinaCom Oy:n vaatimusmäärittelyprojektin perusteella voidaan todeta, että tietojohtamisen ja tiedon spiraalin (SECI-malli) avulla voidaan edesauttaa tiedon hallitsemista mittavissa ohjelmistoprojekteissa, kuten ERP-projektissa, sekä vaatimusmäärittelyssä. Näin tietojohtamisen avulla voidaan saavuttaa hallittavampia aikatauluja, kohtuullisempia kustannuksia, sekä menestyksekkäämpiä projekteja.

Betonielementtien myynnin ja markkinoinnin kehittäminen

Työllä oli kaksi tavoitetta: tutkia betonielementtejä valmistavan Lipa-Betoni Oy:n myynnin ja markkinoinnin tilaa sekä laatia markkinointisuunnitelma Sepa Oy:n kanssa yhteistyössä kehitetylle puubetonivälipohjalaatalle. Tutkimus jakautui nähden tavoitteiden mukaisiin tutkimusosioihin. Rakennusalan markkinointi, tarkemmin betonielementtien markkinointi, voidaan suurelta osin nähdä projektien markkinointina. Siksi työn teoriaosuudessa käsiteltiin rakennusalan markkinointia projektimarkkinoinnin näkökulmasta; erityispiirteitä, vaiheita, referenssien ja asiakassuhteiden merkitystä sekä proaktiivista markkinointistrategiaa. Lisäksi tutkittiin markkinoinnin suunnitteluun, markkinoinnin kilpailukeinoihin sekä markkinoinnin tehokkuuden mittaamiseen liittyviä teorioita. Työn tuloksena esitettiin kehitysehdotukset Lipa-Betoni Oy:n myynnin ja markkinoinnin tehostamiseksi. Konkreettisimmat tulokset tästä tutkimusosiosta ovat asiakkuuksien hoitomalli segmenteittäin ja markkinoinnin tehokkuuden mittaristo. Kehitysehdotuksien yhteenvetona laadittiin Lipa-Betoni Oy:n markkinoinnin prosessimalli. Puubetonivälipohjalaatalle laadittiin markkinointisuunnitelma. Puubetonivälipohjalaatan markkinoinnissa korostuu proaktiivinen markkinointistrategia, jonka avulla saadaan tärkeitä referenssejä tukemaan tulevaisuuden markkinointityötä.

Asiakaslähtöisen palveluliiketoiminnan johtaminen yritysverkostossa

Tässä pro gradu -tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan asiakkuuksien johtamista johtamisoppina ja erilaisten asiakassuhteen ulottuuvuksien merkitystä asiakkaan arvonluomiselle. Teoriaosuudessa tunnistettuja elementtejä peilataan empiria osuuden havaintoihin. Yhteenvedossa on tunnistettu keskeisimmät kehityskohteet, jotka asiakkuuksien johtamisen teoriamalleista sekä käytännöistä ulkopuolisten kumppaneiden kanssa, olisi sovellettavissa asiakkuuksien johtamiseen yritysverkoston sisällä. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osuus toteutettiin kvalitatiivisena tutkimuksena ja aineisto kerättiin puolistuktruoitujen teemahaastattelujen avulla. Haastatteluaineisto analysoitiin luokittelemalla havainnot kirjallisuustutkimuksessa tunnistettuihin teemoihin sekä teemarungon ulkopuolelta merkittävästi esiin nousseisiin seikkoihin. Tutkimustulokset tukivat kirjallisuudessa esitettyä näkemystä siitä, että keskeisiä asiakassuhteen arvoa lisääviä tekijöitä ovat säännöllinen vuorovaikutus, molemminpuolinen luottamus, vastavuoroisuus, proaktiivisuus ja asiakkaan tarpeita ja odotuksia vastaava palvelutarjooma. Aidosti asiakaslähtöinen toimintatapa vaatii, että koko yrityksen organisaatio ja sen osaamisalueet, prosessit, tarjoomat sekä ansaintalogiikka on viritetty tukemaan asiakkaan tapaa tuottaa arvoa itselleen.

Tietojohtamista tukevan toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän vaatimuksia erityistoimialalla: tapaustutkimus eläinterveydenhuollon toimialalla

Veterinary Health Services are following in many areas the practices and medical direction of human medicine and health services. They are reaching for improved efficiency, quality and precision. Competitive position may be improved and productivity increased by specializing and focusing efforts at the practice. This thesis focuses in small animal practices and their needs for ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems in Germany. As a result requirements for ERP solution supporting knowledge management in the small animal practice is presented. Veterinary Health Services is knowledge-intensive business, where written information and tacit knowledge is increasingly bound together with deepening expertise and specialization. Veterinarian is even legally obliged to develop and maintain her professional skills. The current ERP solutions concentrate in the treatment process of veterinary practice. Customer relationship management is left aside. As the competitive situation is getting tighter in veterinary services also the customer relationship management needs to get into the focus and interest to the wider network support in knowledge sharing should take steps forward. Taking into account the requirement of continuous development of professional skills ERP system at the veterinary practice should also be seen as knowledge management tool. It should provide the possibility to create, store, share and use knowledge. The study is conducted first by studying the AS-IS situation of ERP use and market in veterinary health services and then drawing the requirements of TO-BE situation by studying literature and the results of semi qualitative study conducted for German veterinary practices. A group of veterinarians were interviewed, market and network analysis was done and the understanding of market was deepened in two veterinary conferences in Germany. This theses work is requested by Finnish software company Finnish Net Solutions, which is the leading supplier of Veterinary Practice Management software in Finland. The company plans to expand to European market with Cloud based service. Target of the theses is to create understanding of the requirements of German veterinary market to develop ERP solution supporting Knowledge Management in Veterinary Practice.

Analytiikan hyödyntäminen asiakkuuksien johtamisessa

Yrityksiltä vaaditaan yhä enemmän tietoa päätöksenteon tueksi asiakkuuksien johtamisen yhteydessä. Analytiikan hyödyntäminen tehostaa päätöksentekoa ja auttaa muuttamaan asiakastiedon pääomaksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia millaisia hyötyjä analytiikka mahdollistaa yritysten asiakkuuksien johtamisen tueksi. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tapaustutkimuksena. Kohdeyritykseksi valittiin media-alan yritys. Tutkimukseen osallistui seitsemän henkilöä kohdeyrityksen myynnin ja markkinoinnin johdon sekä esimies- ja asiantuntijatehtävistä. Tutkimusmenetelmänä käytettiin teemahaastattelua. Tutkimustulosten mukaan analytiikka oli mahdollistanut myyntiä edistäviä ja kannattavuutta parantavia toimenpiteitä, joita toteutettiin asiakkuuksien johtamisen eri vaiheissa. Analytiikka asiakkuuksien johtamisen tukena oli kohdeyrityksessä kuitenkin vielä uudehko asia, jossa nähtiin olevan merkittäviä mahdollisuuksia asiakastiedon parempaan hyödyntämiseen.

Towards a contextual understanding of B2B salespeople's selling competencies – An exploratory study among purchasing decision-makers of internationally-oriented technology firms

ABSTRACT Towards a contextual understanding of B2B salespeople’s selling competencies − an exploratory study among purchasing decision-makers of internationally-oriented technology firms The characteristics of modern selling can be classified as follows: customer retention and loyalty targets, database and knowledge management, customer relationship management, marketing activities, problem solving and system selling, and satisfying needs and creating value. For salespeople to be successful in this environment, they need a wide range of competencies. Salespeople’s selling skills are well documented in seller side literature through quantitative methods, but the knowledge, skills and competencies from the buyer’s perspective are under-researched. The existing research on selling competencies should be broadened and updated through a qualitative research perspective due to the dynamic nature and the contextual dependence of selling competencies. The purpose of the study is to increase understanding of the professional salesperson’s selling competencies from the industrial purchasing decision- makers’ viewpoint within the relationship selling context. In this study, competencies are defined as sales-related knowledge and skills. The scope of the study includes goods, materials and services managed by a company’s purchasing function and used by an organization on a daily basis. The abductive approach and ‘systematic combining’ have been applied as a research strategy. In this research, data were generated through semi- structured, person-to-person interviews and open-ended questions. The study was conducted among purchasing decision-makers in the technology industry in Finland. The branches consisted of the electronics and electro-technical industries and the mechanical engineering and metals industries. A total of 30 companies and one purchasing decision-maker from each company were purposively chosen for the sampling. The sample covers different company sizes based on their revenues, their differing structures – varying from public to family companies –that represent domestic and international ownerships. Before analyzing the data, they were organized by the purchasing orientations of the buyers: the buying, procurement or supply management orientation. Thematic analysis was chosen as the analysis method. After analyzing the data, the results were contrasted with the theory. There was a continuous interaction between the empirical data and the theory. Based on the findings, a total of 19 major knowledge and skills were identified from the buyers’ perspective. The specific knowledge and skills from the viewpoint of customers’ prevalent purchasing orientations were divided into two categories, generic and contextual. The generic knowledge and skills apply to all purchasing orientations, and the contextual knowledge and skills depend on customers’ prevalent purchasing orientations. Generic knowledge and skills relate to price setting, negotiation, communication and interaction skills, while contextual ones relate to knowledge brokering, ability to present solutions and relationship skills. Buying-oriented buyers value salespeople who are ‘action oriented experts, however at a bit of an arm’s length’, procurement buyers value salespeople who are ‘experts deeply dedicated to the customer and fostering the relationship’ and supply management buyers value salespeople who are ‘corporate-oriented experts’. In addition, the buyer’s perceptions on knowledge and selling skills differ from the seller’s ones. The buyer side emphasizes managing the subject matter, consisting of the expertise, understanding the customers’ business and needs, creating a customized solution and creating value, reliability and an ability to build long-term relationships, while the seller side emphasizes communica- tion, interaction and salesmanship skills. The study integrates the selling skills of the current three-component model− technical knowledge, salesmanship skills, interpersonal skills− and relationship skills and purchasing orientations, into a selling competency model. The findings deepen and update the content of these knowledges and skills in the B2B setting and create new insights into them from the buyer’s perspective, and thus the study increases contextual understanding of selling competencies. It generates new knowledge of the salesperson’s competencies for the relationship selling and personal selling and sales management literature. It also adds knowledge of the buying orientations to the buying behavior literature. The findings challenge sales management to perceive salespeople’s selling skills both from a contingency and competence perspective. The study has several managerial implications: it increases understanding of what the critical selling knowledge and skills from the buyer’s point of view are, understanding of how salespeople effectively implement the relationship marketing concept, sales management’s knowledge of how to manage the sales process more effectively and efficiently, and the knowledge of how sales management should develop a salesperson’s selling competencies when managing and developing the sales force. Keywords: selling competencies, knowledge, selling skills, relationship skills, purchasing orientations, B2B selling, abductive approach, technology firms

Asiakassuhteen johtaminen ja kehityspotentiaalit arvoketjussa

Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tehdä ymmärrettäväksi kvalitatiivisen tutkimus-menetelmää käyttäen tutkimuskohteena olevan case -yrityksen myynnin edustaji-en asiakassuhteen johtamisesta sekä sen hoitamisesta tapahtuvia toimia sekä niiden vaikutusta yrityksen arvoketjutoimintoihin ja prosesseihin sekä yrityksen asiakkaisiin. Tutkimuksella haluttiin löytää ne tekijät ja toimet, mitkä vaikuttavat prosessien toimimiseen sekä aiheuttavat suoraan tai välillisesti kustannuksia tai prosessihidasteita yritykselle. Lisäksi halutaan saada käsitys siitä osataanko nämä kohdat tällä hetkellä tiedostaa myynnin ja arvoketju toimesta. Tutkimuksen asiaa tarkastellaan case -yrityksen kolmen liiketoiminta-alueen kannalta. Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys rakentuu asiakassuhteen johtamisen, asia-kaspalvelun, asiakaspalvelun laadun sekä sisäisen asiakaspalvelun teorioiden ympärille. Lisäksi viitekehyksessä aihetta tarkastellaan kannattavuuden ja proses-sitehokkuuden näkökulmasta. Tutkimus empiirinen osuus toteutettiin puoli strukturoituina teemahaastatteluina valituille myynnin sekä arvoketjun edustajille. Tutkimusosiossa haluttiin saada selvyys sekä näkemys siihen, miten asiakassuhteen johtaminen tällä hetkellä tapahtuu case -yrityksessä sekä mitä tämä vaikuttaa yrityksen arvoketjun prosesseihin kun palveluprossien volyymimäärä on suuri. Tutkimustulokset vahvistavat sen, että yrityksen hyvällä ja sujuvalla yrityksen si-säisellä asiakaspalvelulla oli iso vaikutus yrityksen sisäisiin prosesseihin sekä asiakkaalle tuotettavaan asiakaspalvelun laatuun. Lisäksi toimiva ja sujuva sisäinen asiakaspalvelu vaikuttaa yritykseen myyntiin ja sitä kautta syntyvään tulokseen.

Utilidad de la relación estratégica comunitaria y el marketing en el sector de bebidas alcohólicas

El estudio busca demostrar la utilidad que tiene la relación estratégica comunitaria en el sector de bebidas alcohólicas en Colombia y cómo la utilizan a través del marketing. Cómo estas funcionan en el sector y si las organizaciones las están aplicando; si lo hacen qué tipo de estrategias emplean para adentrarse y relacionarse con su entorno. Se identifica la efectividad de estas estrategias; si en realidad están promoviendo el desarrollo de la comunidad como el de la organización y paso a seguir se describen las características de esta en el sector objetivo. Se utilizan metodologías tanto cuantitativas como cualitativas para la investigación y análisis de caso analizando la información correspondiente para así poder reseñar y describir los modelos que se utilizan en el sector.

Utvärdering av programvaror för variabeldata till Lugnetgymnasiets färgskrivare,Ricoh AFC 6513.

The Lugnetgymnasium in Falun has a graphic education that supplies a color printer, which is availablefor the students in their hall. The printer is a Ricoh AFC 6513 and it is a model that can handlevariable data. It was bought in the autumn of 2002. The teachers of the graphic education want to makeuse of the variable data function and procure a variable data software. The purpose of this project is toevaluate variable data software’s, so that the most suitable choice of software can be made for the graphiceducation. To be able to make this choice, criterions has been made what the variable data softwarewill fulfil. Different software’s of variable data has been examined and a summary was made whichtells what software that fulfils all the criterions. The software’s that seemed appropriate for the graphiceducation were PrintShop Mail and Personalizer-X. Adecision which one of these software’s thatwill be purchase was made by the teachers on the graphic education. Tests and a more detailed studyon the software’s have been done. The information has later been presented for the teachers. They madea decision, which were Personalizer-X. After this decision, an easier manual for Personalizer-X wasmade. The purpose with the manual is that the students on the graphic education, quickly and easy canget started with the use of variable data.

Desenvolvimento e implantação de Data Base Marketing para apoiar estratégia de gestão de fidelização de clientes em empresa administradora de consórcios

o ambiente econômico atual tem exigido empenho das empresas em conhecer, interagir, diferenciar e personalizar cada vez mais produtos e serviços para os clientes. Este cenário requer ferramentas e modelos de gestão para gerenciar as relações com os clientes, com o objetivo de permitir que a empresa consiga perceber e responder rapidamente a exigências dos consumidores. Este trabalho revisa conceitos de CRM (Customer Relationschip Management ou Gerenciamento das Relações com os Clientes) e descreve a implementação de ferramenta de gestão de relacionamento com clientes em empresa de consórcio. O desenvolvimento do trabalho reflete uma necessidade apontada no planejamento estratégico da empresa, sendo que ferramentas de tecnologia de informação e software de banco de dados foram usadas como suporte aos propósitos da gestão empresarial. Como resultado do trabalho, a empresa está hoje atuando com um sistema de Data Base Marketing, o qual foi criado para auxiliar os profissionais envolvidos no processo de atendimento e gestão de relacionamento com clientes. O Data Base Marketing esta sendo utilizado para coletar dados de atendimento a clientes, tais como históricos de atendimento, dados cadastrais, perfil demográfico, perfil psicográfico e categoria de valor dos clientes. Durante o processo de interação com clientes, o sistema facilita o trabalho dos especialistas e permite melhorar a qualidade do atendimento aos clientes, contemplando necessidades dos diversos especialistas da empresa em assuntos como vendas, qualidade em serviços, finanças e gestão empresarial.O processo começou pela constituição de um grupo de trabalho interno para discutir estratégias e cronograma de implantação. A primeira decisão do grupo foi pelo desenvolvimento interno do software visando atender plenamente o "core business" da empresa. O processo começou pela constituição de um grupo de trabalho interno para discutir estratégias e cronograma de implantação. A primeira decisão do grupo foi pelo desenvolvimento interno do software visando atender plenamente o "core business" da empresa. O projeto contou com o conhecimento do negócio dos profissionais da empresa e auxilio de especialistas e consultores externos. O detalhamento do projeto, bem como os passos da pesquisa-ação, está descrito no corpo da dissertação.

A influência do setor supermercadista brasileiro sobre os modelos de gestão comercial da indústria de bens de consumo alimentar: quais os fatores críticos na definição de modelos de gerenciamento comercial das empresas que se utilizam do canal varejista brasileiro após a forte concentração de mercado ocorrida no final dos anos 90?

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia de análise que destaque os fatores críticos na definição de modelos estratégicos e organizacionais da área comercial de fabricantes de produtos alimentares que pretender utilizar o canal de distribuição varejista brasileiro após a forte concentração vivida no final dos anos 90. Para tanto fez-se um estudo do mercado supermercadista brasileiro destacando suas principais mudanças e a importância da efetiva administração dos canais. Como conclusão tem-se que empresas que vislumbrem adotar modelos de excelência operacional com adição de valor ao consumidor final, depararão com a complexidade do gerenciamento do relacionamento de seus clientes, principalmente no que tange aos clientes chaves que a partir de 1999 ganham individualmente dimensão e importância equivalente a canais de distribuição anteriormente considerados de vital importância para distribuição de produtos. Atingir a excelência operacional tende a passar pela integração estratégica, organizacional, logística, tecnológica e mercadológica entre fornecedor e clientes - ou seja, passa por uma proposta de valor. Atender as exigências atuais e futuras dos clientes, principalmente dos grandes players, será um verdadeiro desafio para os profissionais de administração já que vultuosas somas de recursos financeiros, novos formatos organizacionais e novas habilidades dos profissionais das áreas de marketing e comercial devem surgir nos próximos anos.

Fuzzy Online Reputation Analysis Framework

The fuzzy online reputation analysis framework, or “foRa” (plural of forum, the Latin word for marketplace) framework, is a method for searching the Social Web to find meaningful information about reputation. Based on an automatic, fuzzy-built ontology, this framework queries the social marketplaces of the Web for reputation, combines the retrieved results, and generates navigable Topic Maps. Using these interactive maps, communications operatives can zero in on precisely what they are looking for and discover unforeseen relationships between topics and tags. Thus, using this framework, it is possible to scan the Social Web for a name, product, brand, or combination thereof and determine query-related topic classes with related terms and thus identify hidden sources. This chapter also briefly describes the youReputation prototype (www.youreputation.org), a free web-based application for reputation analysis. In the course of this, a small example will explain the benefits of the prototype.

Green supply chain performance measurement using the analytic hierarchy process:a comparative analysis of manufacturing organisations

The main purpose of this research is to develop and deploy an analytical framework for measuring the environmental performance of manufacturing supply chains. This work's theoretical bases combine and reconcile three major areas: supply chain management, environmental management and performance measurement. Researchers have suggested many empirical criteria for green supply chain (GSC) performance measurement and proposed both qualitative and quantitative frameworks. However, these are mainly operational in nature and specific to the focal company. This research develops an innovative GSC performance measurement framework by integrating supply chain processes (supplier relationship management, internal supply chain management and customer relationship management) with organisational decision levels (both strategic and operational). Environmental planning, environmental auditing, management commitment, environmental performance, economic performance and operational performance are the key level constructs. The proposed framework is then applied to three selected manufacturing organisations in the UK. Their GSC performance is measured and benchmarked by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multiple-attribute decision-making technique. The AHP-based framework offers an effective way to measure and benchmark organisations’ GSC performance. This study has both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically it contributes holistic constructs for designing a GSC and managing it for sustainability; and practically it helps industry practitioners to measure and improve the environmental performance of their supply chain. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. CORRIGENDUM DOI 10.1080/09537287.2012.751186 In the article ‘Green supply chain performance measurement using the analytic hierarchy process: a comparative analysis of manufacturing organisations’ by Prasanta Kumar Dey and Walid Cheffi, Production Planning & Control, 10.1080/09537287.2012.666859, a third author is added which was not included in the paper as it originally appeared. The third author is Breno Nunes.