Caratteristiche principali dell'emissione di galassie ellittiche

Fin dalla loro scoperta, le galassie ellittiche hanno sempre suscitato grande curiosità da parte degli astronomi, in quanto strutture dotate di dinamiche alquanto complesse. Spesso considerate meno affascinanti delle galassie a disco, esse vantano molteplici caratteristiche di carattere morfologico e radiativo; noi le osserviamo sulla Terra e fuori dall’atmosfera con ogni tipo di strumento, dato che tutto lo spettro elettromagnetico ne testimonia la presenza e, in molti casi, la piena attività nucleare. Obiettivo della presente dissertazione è fornire una panoramica generale riguardo le forme di emissione delle galassie ellittiche, approfondendo particolarmente i meccanismi principali e le modalità fisiche. Inizialmente vedremo brevemente come queste galassie vengono classificate e le leggi empiriche che ne descrivono alcuni importanti parametri osservativi; successivamente analizzeremo separatamente le tre bande (Ottica, X e Radio) in cui l’emissione è prominente, soffermandoci sui relativi meccanismi dominanti (rispettivamente: emissione di Corpo Nero, Bremsstrahlung e Sincrotrone) e le peculiarità.

SAR ed effetti termici su Cheratinociti sottoposti a Radiofrequenze

Negli ultimi anni, la popolazione è stata esposta a vari tipi di campi elettromagnetici generati da strumentazioni elettroniche e dispositivi di telecomunicazione. In questa tesi, si valutano SAR ed effetti termici prodotti da tre antenne patch a radiofrequenza sia su Cheratinociti (cellule dell'epidermide) in vitro che sull'epidermide umana in vivo caratterizzata in un modello multistrato contenente tessuti biologici. Le antenne progettate hanno frequenze di risonanza di 1.8 e 2.4 GHz, tipiche delle bande utilizzate rispettivamente da LTE (Long Term Evolution, la più recente evoluzione degli standard di telefonia mobile cellulare) e dalle moderne tecnologie Wi-Fi, e di 60 GHz, propria delle cosiddette onde millimetriche. Vengono valutati quindi il SAR (Specific Absorption Rate, grandezza che fornisce una misura dell'assorbimento delle onde da parte dei tessuti biologici) e le variazioni di temperatura prodotte dall'applicazione del campo elettromagnetico: ciò viene realizzato attraverso l'equazione del calore stazionaria e, nel caso dell'epidermide in vivo, con la Bioheat Equation, che contempla anche la circolazione sanguigna ed il calore generato nei processi metabolici che avvengono nell'organismo.

Proprietà radio dei blazar e loro uso nell'identificazione di sorgenti gamma extragalattiche

L'identificazione di un blazar è molto difficile, questo è un oggetto molto particolare e che ha un'attività molto ricca. Nella pratica l'identificazione di un blazar avviene confrontando la sua emissione in banda radio con la sua emissione in banda gamma, che sono entrambe proprie dei blazar. Il problema è che non si dispone di un telescopio in grado di rivelare con estrema precisione entrambe le bande, quindi si procede utilizzando i dati radio provenienti da un dato radiotelescopio e i dati in banda gamma provenienti da un altro telescopio. Quando le emissioni nelle due bande presentano, ad esempio, una variabilità simultanea, l'identificazione è certa. Ma questa minoranza di casi non è molto frequente e quindi spesso si procede con un'analisi probabilistica basata sulle posizioni delle sorgenti. Il lancio di Fermi nel 2008 ha portato ad un fortissimo aumento del numero di sorgenti gamma note e, fra queste, la maggior parte sono blazar. Una significativa frazione di queste sorgenti Fermi (circa il 30%) rimane non identificata. In questo lavoro vengono inizialmente caratterizzate le proprietà radio dei blazar e in particolare dei blazar gamma noti finora. In seguito verrà approfondita l'analisi delle sorgenti Fermi non identificate per stabilire una possibile compatibilità con le proprietà dei blazar e quindi per cercare di capire se queste sorgenti possano essere a loro volta dei blazar non ancora riconosciuti.

An die Bewohner von Nieder- und Ober-Oesterreich: Der verlängerte Widerstand, den die in offener Empörung begriffene Stadt Wien meinen Truppen entgegen gesetzt hat ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Bekanntmachung des Belagerungszustandes für die Stadt Wien samt zwei Meilen im Umkreis. Warnung der Bevölkerung Nieder- und Oberösterreichs vor den "bösen Einflüsterungen" derjenigen, "welche unter täuschenden Vorspiegelungen nur die Auflösung aller Bande der Ordnung und Gesetzlichkeit beabsichtigen" und Aufruf zur "Treue an das Kaiserhaus und ... [zur] constitutionelle[n] Monarchie"

Mus Hs 353 - Jubel-Cantate : zur Feÿer des 50jährigen Regierungsantritts Sr Maj: des Königs von Sachsen ; den 20: Sept. 1818 ; oder Erndte-Cantate ; op: 58

Musik von Carl Maria von Weber. Gedicht von Friedrich Kind. Nach Friedrich Kinds Jubel Cantate gedichtet von A. Wendt

Ausführliche Relation, von der Den 14. Jenner zwischen 7 und 11 Uhr Vormittags in dem Wirtshaus zu Osterzell ... vorgefallenen Rencontre, und gänzlicher Aufhebung des verrufenen Bayrischen Hiesel, Und 9 seiner Kammeraden

[Schedel, Lieut.]

Das auff einen Diamantnen Grund in Stein und Marmor eingeprägte Andencken einer versprochenen und ungebrochenen Bundes Verpflichtung : Oder Der Vestalische Tempel-Raub ; [Oktober 1711] ; [Theaterzettel]

Die Königl. Polnischen und Churfürstl. Sächsischen Hof-Comödianten, genannt Die Veldtheimische Bande

Wedges and plate-bandes: mechanical theories after De la Hire

Plate-bandes are straight masonry arches (they are called, also, flat arches or lintel arches). Ideally they have the surfaces of extrados and intrados plane and horizontal. The stones or bricks have radial joints converging usually in one centre. The voussoirs have the form of wedges and in French they are called "claveaux". A plate-bande is, in fact, a lintel made of several stones and the proportions of lintels and plate-bandes are similar. Proportions of plate-bandes, that is the relationship between the thickness t and the span s (t/s)varies, typically between 1/4–1/3 in thick plate-bandes, and is less than 1/20 in the most slender ones. A ratio of circa 1/8 was usual in the 18th Century and follows a simple geometrical rule: the centre form with the intrados an equilateral triangle and the plate-bande should contain an arc of circle. The joints are usually plane, but in some cases present a «rebated» or «stepped» form. Plate-bandes exert an inclined thrust as any masonry arch. This thrust is usually very high and it requires either massive buttresses, or to be built in the middle of thick walls. Master builders and architects have tried since antiquity to calculate the abutment necessary for any arch. A modern architect or engineer will measure the arch thrust in units of force, kN or tons. Traditionally, the thrust has been measured as the size of the buttresses to resist it safely. Old structural rules, then, addressed the design problem establishing a relationship between the span and the depth of the buttress. These were empirical rules, particular for every type of arch or structure in every epoch. Thus, the typical gothic buttress is 1/4 of the vault span, but a Renaissance or baroque barrel vault will need more than 1/3 of the span. A plate-bande would require more than one half of the span; this is precisely the rule cited by the French engineer Gautier, who tried unsuccessfully to justify it by static reasons. They were used, typically, to form the lintels of windows or doors (1-2 m, typically); in Antiquity they were used, also, though rarely, at the gates of city walls or in niches (ca. 2 m, reaching 5.2 m). Plate-bandes may show particular problems: it is not unusual that some sliding of the voussoirs can be observed, particularly in thick plate-bandes. The stepped joints on Fig. 1, left, were used to avoid this problem. There are other «hidden» methods, like iron cramps or the use of stone wedges, etc. In seismic zones these devices were usual. Another problem relates to the deformation; a slight yielding of the abutments, or even the compression of the mortar joints, may lead to some cracking and the descent of the central keystone. Even a tiny descent will convert the original straight line of the intrados in a broken line with a visible «kink» or angle in the middle. Of course, both problems should be avoided. Finally, the wedge form of the voussoirs lead to acute angles in the stones and this can produce partial fractures; this occurs usually at the inferior border of the springers at the abutments. It follows, that to build a successful plate-bande is not an easy matter. Also, the structural study of plate-bandes is far from simple, and mechanics and geometry are related in a particular way. In the present paper we will concentrate on the structural aspects and their constructive consequences, with a historical approach. We will outline the development of structural analysis of plate-bandes from ca. 1700 until today. This brief history has a more than purely academic interest. Different approaches and theories pointed to particular problem, and though the solution given may have been incorrect, the question posed was often pertinent. The paper ends with the application of modern Limit Analysis of Masonry Structures, developed mainly by professor Heyman in the last fifty years. The work aims, also, to give some clues for the actual architect and engineer involved in the analysis or restoration of masonry buildings.

Nuevas arquitecturas de transpondedores de microondas = New transponder architectures at microwave frequencies = Nouvelles architectures des transpondeurs d’hyperfréquences

En la última década, los sistemas de telecomunicación de alta frecuencia han evolucionado tremendamente. Las bandas de frecuencias, los anchos de banda del usuario, las técnicas de modulación y otras características eléctricas están en constante cambio de acuerdo a la evolución de la tecnología y la aparición de nuevas aplicaciones. Las arquitecturas de los transceptores modernos son diferentes de las tradicionales. Muchas de las funciones convencionalmente realizadas por circuitos analógicos han sido asignadas gradualmente a procesadores digitales de señal, de esta manera, las fronteras entre la banda base y las funcionalidades de RF se difuminan. Además, los transceptores inalámbricos digitales modernos son capaces de soportar protocolos de datos de alta velocidad, por lo que emplean una elevada escala de integración para muchos de los subsistemas que componen las diferentes etapas. Uno de los objetivos de este trabajo de investigación es realizar un estudio de las nuevas configuraciones en el desarrollo de demostradores de radiofrecuencia (un receptor y un transmisor) y transpondedores para fines de comunicaciones y militares, respectivamente. Algunos trabajos se han llevado a cabo en el marco del proyecto TECRAIL, donde se ha implementado un demostrador de la capa física LTE para evaluar la viabilidad del estándar LTE en el entorno ferroviario. En el ámbito militar y asociado al proyecto de calibración de radares (CALRADAR), se ha efectuado una actividad importante en el campo de la calibración de radares balísticos Doppler donde se ha analizado cuidadosamente su precisión y se ha desarrollado la unidad generadora de Doppler de un patrón electrónico para la calibración de estos radares. Dicha unidad Doppler es la responsable de la elevada resolución en frecuencia del generador de “blancos” radar construido. Por otro lado, se ha elaborado un análisis completo de las incertidumbres del sistema para optimizar el proceso de calibración. En una segunda fase se han propuesto soluciones en el desarrollo de dispositivos electro-ópticos para aplicaciones de comunicaciones. Estos dispositivos son considerados, debido a sus ventajas, tecnologías de soporte para futuros dispositivos y subsistemas de RF/microondas. Algunas demandas de radio definida por software podrían cubrirse aplicando nuevos conceptos de circuitos sintonizables mediante parámetros programables de un modo dinámico. También se ha realizado una contribución relacionada con el diseño de filtros paso banda con topología “Hairpin”, los cuales son compactos y se pueden integrar fácilmente en circuitos de microondas en una amplia gama de aplicaciones destinadas a las comunicaciones y a los sistemas militares. Como importante aportación final, se ha presentado una propuesta para ecualizar y mejorar las transmisiones de señales discretas de temporización entre los TRMs y otras unidades de procesamiento, en el satélite de última generación SEOSAR/PAZ. Tras un análisis exhaustivo, se ha obtenido la configuración óptima de los buses de transmisión de datos de alta velocidad basadas en una red de transceptores. ABSTRACT In the last decade, high-frequency telecommunications systems have extremely evolved. Frequency bands, user bandwidths, modulation techniques and other electrical characteristics of these systems are constantly changing following to the evolution of technology and the emergence of new applications. The architectures of modern transceivers are different from the traditional ones. Many of the functions conventionally performed by analog circuitry have gradually been assigned to digital signal processors. In this way, boundaries between baseband and RF functionalities are diffused. The design of modern digital wireless transceivers are capable of supporting high-speed data protocols. Therefore, a high integration scale is required for many of the components in the block chain. One of the goals of this research work is to investigate new configurations in the development of RF demonstrators (a receiver and a transmitter) and transponders for communications and military purposes, respectively. A LTE physical layer demonstrator has been implemented to assess the viability of LTE in railway scenario under the framework of the TECRAIL project. An important activity, related to the CALRADAR project, for the calibration of Doppler radars with extremely high precision has been performed. The contribution is the Doppler unit of the radar target generator developed that reveals a high frequency resolution. In order to assure the accuracy of radar calibration process, a complete analysis of the uncertainty in the above mentioned procedure has been carried out. Another important research topic has been the development of photonic devices that are considered enabling technologies for future RF and microwave devices and subsystems. Some Software Defined Radio demands are addressed by the proposed novel circuit concepts based on photonically tunable elements with dynamically programmable parameters. A small contribution has been made in the field of Hairpin-line bandpass filters. These filters are compact and can also be easily integrated into microwave circuits finding a wide range of applications in communication and military systems. In this research field, the contributions made have been the improvements in the design and the simulations of wideband filters. Finally, an important proposal to balance and enhance transmissions of discrete timing signals between TRMs and other processing units into the state of the art SEOSAR/PAZ Satellite has been carried out obtaining the optimal configuration of the high-speed data transmission buses based on a transceiver network. RÉSUMÉ Les systèmes d'hyperfréquence dédiés aux télécommunications ont beaucoup évolué dans la dernière décennie. Les bandes de fréquences, les bandes passantes par utilisateur, les techniques de modulation et d'autres caractéristiques électriques sont en constant changement en fonction de l'évolution des technologies et l'émergence de nouvelles applications. Les architectures modernes des transcepteurs sont différentes des traditionnelles. Un grand nombre d’opérations normalement effectuées par les circuits analogiques a été progressivement alloué à des processeurs de signaux numériques. Ainsi, les frontières entre la bande de base et la fonctionnalité RF sont floues. Les transcepteurs sans fils numériques modernes sont capables de transférer des données à haute vitesse selon les différents protocoles de communication utilisés. C'est pour cette raison qu’un niveau élevé d'intégration est nécessaire pour un grand nombre de composants qui constitue les différentes étapes des systèmes. L'un des objectifs de cette recherche est d'étudier les nouvelles configurations dans le développement des démonstrateurs RF (récepteur et émetteur) et des transpondeurs à des fins militaire et de communication. Certains travaux ont été réalisés dans le cadre du projet TECRAIL, où un démonstrateur de la couche physique LTE a été mis en place pour évaluer la faisabilité de la norme LTE dans l'environnement ferroviaire. Une contribution importante, liée au projet CALRADAR, est proposée dans le domaine des systèmes d’étalonnage de radar Doppler de haute précision. Cette contribution est le module Doppler de génération d’hyperfréquence intégré dans le système électronique de génération de cibles radar virtuelles que présente une résolution de fréquence très élevée. Une analyse complète de l'incertitude dans l'étalonnage des radars Doppler a été effectuée, afin d'assurer la précision du calibrage. La conception et la mise en oeuvre de quelques dispositifs photoniques sont un autre sujet important du travail de recherche présenté dans cette thèse. De tels dispositifs sont considérés comme étant des technologies habilitantes clés pour les futurs dispositifs et sous-systèmes RF et micro-ondes grâce à leurs avantages. Certaines demandes de radio définies par logiciel pourraient être supportées par nouveaux concepts de circuits basés sur des éléments dynamiquement programmables en utilisant des paramètres ajustables. Une petite contribution a été apportée pour améliorer la conception et les simulations des filtres passe-bande Hairpin à large bande. Ces filtres sont compacts et peuvent également être intégrés dans des circuits à micro-ondes compatibles avec un large éventail d'applications dans les systèmes militaires et de communication. Finalement, une proposition a été effectuée visant à équilibrer et améliorer la transmission des signaux discrets de synchronisation entre les TRMs et d'autres unités de traitement dans le satellite SEOSAR/PAZ de dernière génération et permettant l’obtention de la configuration optimale des bus de transmission de données à grande vitesse basés sur un réseau de transcepteurs.

Diseño y seguimiento de los TFM en el Máster de Tributación de la UA

Siguiendo con la estela del proyecto iniciado en el curso académico 2013/2014, el objetivo de este nuevo trabajo consiste en reflejar el procedimiento seguido en el ámbito del Máster en Tributación de la UA para la confección del modelo de TFM a desarrollar por los alumnos; el diseño de un sistema de seguimiento adecuado; y la delimitación de los criterios a emplear para su evaluación. El proceso para la consecución de estos propósitos se ha llevado a cabo en un marco de estrecha colaboración entre los miembros de la red, el conjunto de profesores del Máster y su equipo directivo. Así, desde la coordinación académica del título se decidió proceder al nombramiento de una comisión de asesoramiento integrada por miembros del equipo docente del Máster, de composición heterogénea en cuanto a su dedicación profesional, que, valiéndose de su experiencia y elevado nivel de formación, se encargara de adoptar las decisiones más importantes. El cometido básico de la red de investigación constituida ha consistido en supervisar el trabajo de la citada comisión; interactuar y colaborar activamente con sus participantes; realizar tareas de apoyo; participar en el proceso de toma de decisiones; y analizar los resultados derivados de su implantación práctica.

Corrélats neuronaux de la mémoire de travail en magnétoencéphalographie à l’état de repos

Purpose: There are few studies demonstrating the link between neural oscillations in magnetoencephalography (MEG) at rest and cognitive performance. Working memory is one of the most studied cognitive processes and is the ability to manipulate information on items kept in short-term memory. Heister & al. (2013) showed correlation patterns between brain oscillations at rest in MEG and performance in a working memory task (n-back). These authors showed that delta/theta activity in fronto-parietal areas is related to working memory performance. In this study, we use resting state MEG oscillations to validate these correlations with both of verbal (VWM) and spatial (SWM) working memory, and test their specificity in comparison with other cognitive abilities. Methods: We recorded resting state MEG and used clinical neuropsychological tests to assess working memory performance in 18 volunteers (6 males and 12 females). The other neuropsychological tests of the WAIS-IV were used as control tests to assess the specificity of the correlation patterns with working memory. We calculated means of Power Spectrum Density for different frequency bands (delta, 1-4Hz; theta, 4-8Hz; alpha, 8-13Hz; beta, 13-30Hz; gamma1, 30-59Hz; gamma2, 61-90Hz; gamma3, 90-120Hz; large gamma, 30-120Hz) and correlated MEG power normalised for the maximum in each frequency band at the sensor level with working memory performance. We then grouped the sensors showing a significant correlation by using a cluster algorithm. Results: We found positive correlations between both types of working memory performance and clusters in the bilateral posterior and right fronto-temporal regions for the delta band (r2 =0.73), in the fronto-middle line and right temporal regions for the theta band (r2 =0.63) as well as in the parietal regions for the alpha band (r2 =0.78). Verbal working memory and spatial working memory share a common fronto-parietal cluster of sensors but also show specific clusters. These clusters are specific to working memory, as compared to those obtained for other cognitive abilities and right posterior parietal areas, specially in slow frequencies, appear to be specific to working memory process. Conclusions: Slow frequencies (1-13Hz) but more precisely in delta/theta bands (1-8Hz), recorded at rest with magnetoencephalography, predict working memory performance and support the role of a fronto-parietal network in working memory.

Comunicazioni basate su onde millimetriche per sistemi 5G

Le comunicazioni wireless di Quinta Generazione, le quali è assodato che vadano a ricoprire un ruolo chiave e centrale nel futuro delle comunicazioni mobili, hanno suscitato l’interesse e l’investigazione da parte delle maggiori organizzazioni ed enti di ricerca internazionali. Internet of Things, i cosiddetti Use Cases, gli indici KPI e le tecnologie candidate per lo sviluppo, sono tra gli altri, i maggiori aspetti su cui attualmente la ricerca pone la propria attenzione al fine di poter definire ed implementare la rete di Quinta Generazione. Non da meno, ricevono forte interesse anche una serie d’aspetti legati all’utilizzo delle elevate frequenze, in particolar modo le bande delle onde millimetriche, nello sviluppo delle comunicazioni per sistemi 5G. L’utilizzo delle onde millimetriche nel futuro delle comunicazioni mobili è ad oggi considerato il fulcro della ricerca per l’implementazione dell’ architettura di rete di Quinta Generazione. Lo sviluppo di comunicazioni basate sulle onde millimetriche per i sistemi 5G presentano sia delle opportunità ma anche importanti problematiche. Tra queste ultime, l’elevate attenuazioni registrate nelle bande delle onde millimetriche pongono severi limiti qualora si voglia stabilire una comunicazione a lungo raggio e tale è un aspetto critico che interesse fortemente i vari ambiti della ricerca per poter efficacemente porre le basi per il futuro della comunicazione mobile di Quinta Generazione.

Ueber den gesichtsausdruck in der antike.

Abdruck aus dem XXXIII. bande der preuszischen jahrbücher.

Albanische Forschungen /

"Separatabdruck aus dem XIX. Bande der Denkschriften der Philosophisch-Historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenshaften."

Die Jahre 1815-1828 [i. e. achtzehnhundertfünfzehn - achtzehnhundeertachtundzwanzig] : Eine historische Skizze /

"Als Ergänzung der früheren Ausgaben von K. F. Becker's Weltgeschichte aus dem XIV. Bande der 6. Ausgabe besonders abgedruckt."