Efeitos do tratamento com lítio na memória aversiva, comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade e depressão e na expressão de BDNF em ratos

Lithium (Li) is the first choice to treat bipolar disorder, a psychiatric illness characterized by mood oscillations between mania and depression. However, studies have demonstrated that this drug might influence mnemonic process due to its neuroprotector, antiapoptotic and neurogenic effects. The use of Li in the treatment of cognitive deficits caused by brain injury or neurodegenerative disorders have been widely studied, and this drug shows to be effective in preventing or even alleviating the memory impairment. The effects of Li on anxiety and depression are controversial and the relationship of the effects of lithium on memory, anxiety and depression remain unknown. In this context, this study aims to: evaluate the effects of acute and chronic administration of lithium carbonate in aversive memory and anxiety, simultaneously, using the plus maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT); test the antidepressant effect of the drug through the forced swimming test (FS) and analyze brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in structures related to memory and emotion. To evaluation of the acute effects, male Wistar rats were submitted to i.p. administration of lithium carbonate (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) one hour before the training session (PMDAT) or lithium carbonate (50 or 100 mg/kg) one hour before the test session (FS). To evaluation of the chronic effects, the doses administered were 50 or 100 mg/kg or vehicle once a day for 21 days before the beginning of behavioral tasks (PMDAT and FS). Afterwards, the animals were euthanized and their brains removed and submitted to immunohistochemistry procedure to quantify BDNF. The animals that received acute treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of Li did not discriminated between the enclosed arms (aversive and non-aversive) in the training session of PMDAT, showing that these animal did not learned the task. This lack of discrimination was also observed in the test session, showing that the animals did not recall the aversive task. We also observed an increased exploration of the open arms of these same groups, indicating an anxiolytic effect. The same groups showed a reduction of locomotor activity, however, this effect does not seem to be related with the anxiolytic effect of the drug. Chronic treatment with Li did not promote alterations on learning or memory processes. Nevertheless, we observed a reduction of open arms exploration by animals treated with 50 mg/kg when compared to the other groups, showing an anxiogenic effect caused by this dose. This effect it is not related to locomotor alterations since there were no alterations in these parameters. Both acute and chronic treatment were ineffective in the FS. Chronic treatment with lithium was not able to modify BDNF expression in hippocampus, amygdala and pre-frontal cortex. These results suggest that acute administration of lithium promote impairments on learning in an aversive task, blocking the occurrence of memory consolidation and retrieval. The reduction of anxiety following acute treatment may have prevented the learning of the aversive task, as it has been found that optimum levels of anxiety are necessary for the occurrence of learning with emotional context. With continued, treatment the animals recover the ability to learn and recall the task. Indeed, they do not show differences in relation to control group, and the lack of alterations on BDNF expression corroborates this result. Possibly, the regimen of treatment used was not able to promote cognitive improvement. Li showed acute anxiolytic effect, however chronic administration 4 promoted the opposite effect. More studies are necessary to clarify the potential beneficial effect of Li on aversive memory

Chromosomal painting and ZW sex chromosomes differentiation in Characidium (Characiformes, Crenuchidae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Multiple nucleolus organizer regions in Leptodactylus mystacinus (Amphibia, Anura) and comments on its systematic position in the L fuscus group based on cytogenetic and molecular analyses

Specimens of Leptodactylus mystacinus from Brazil were karyotyped with conventional and differential staining. The 2n = 22 karyotype is similar to that found for the majority of the Leptodactylus, the karyotypic conservatism also confirmed by the similarity of the replication banding patterns with those previously described. L. mystacinus has a small amount of C-banded heterochromatin, located mainly at the centromeres, although telomeric or interstitial bands have also been noticed. With DA/CMA(3) some chromosome regions showed slightly bright fluorescence, and with DA/DAPI, no particular AT-rich repetitive region was observed. Silver staining showed an extensive inter- and intraindividual variation in the number and position of Ag-positive regions, in 1p, 4p, 8p, 8q, and 11p. Nevertheless, FISH using rDNA probes confirmed only the signals on the short arms of chromosomes 4 and 8 as true NORs. The remaining silver stained regions are probably due to the heterochromatin with some affinity to the Ag-staining. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial cytochrome b sequence revealed that L. mystacinus forms a basal branch, so that the presence of multiple NORs in pairs 4 and 8 in this species indicates an autapomorphy.

TELOMERIC FUSIONS IN A WILMS-TUMOR

The present report describes the karyotypic findings in cells from a Wilms' tumor. The most consistent cytogenetic abnormalities detected consisted of translocations involving break and fusion of chromosomal telomeres and telomeric associations frequently affecting the terminus of the short arms of chromosomes 14 and 17.

Demodulação de sinais interferométricos de saída de sensor eletro-óptico de tensões elevadas utilizando processador digital de sinais

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Cariótipo de seis espécies de Bokermannohyla dos grupos de B. circumdata e B. pseudopseudis (Anura, Hylidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise citogenética em alta resolução de 2q37 e 22q13 e molecular do gene SHANK3 em doenças do espectro autístico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise citogenética em espécies de Vespertilionidae dos gêneros Eptesicus, Histiotus, Lasiurus e Myotis (Chiroptera, Mammalia)

Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE

Análise citogenética comparativa em espécies de morcegos dos gêneros Molossus (Molossidae), Artibeus, Platyrrhinus, Sturnira, Glossophaga, Phyllostomus e Carollia (Phyllostamide) - Chiroptera (Mammalia)

Pós-graduação em Genética - IBILCE

Território, cultura e regionalismo: aspectos geográficos em símbolos estaduais brasileiros

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Os modos contemporâneos de gestão do espaço urbano e a invenção de si

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Citogenética comparativa de peixes da família Cichlidae

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Revisão de Aceratodes Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)

Edessinae é uma das maiores e mais diversas subfamílias de Pentatomidae, sendo encontrada apenas na região Neotropical e sul dos Estados Unidos. Este fato se deve ao grande número de espécies descritas (cerca de 260) e ainda não descritas (cerca de 300). Compreende atualmente seis gêneros: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora e Doesburgedessa. Ao longo do tempo, as espécies que não se encaixavam em nenhum dos outros gêneros foram sendo alocadas em Edessa, levando a uma confusão entre os limites do gênero e da subfamília. O grande número de espécies levou a uma concentração dos problemas taxonômicos e nomenclaturais de Edessinae em Edessa. Portanto, são necessários estudos taxonômicos que visem solucionar estes problemas, revisando os gêneros conhecidos, reavaliando os subgêneros de Edessa, redescrevendo espécies existentes e realizando novos arranjos nomenclaturais. O presente trabalho objetivou reavaliar o status taxonômico de Aceratodes, bem como resolver problemas nomenclaturais. Foram estudados 283 exemplares obtidos por empréstimos de 22 instituições, nacionais e estrangeiras. Para cada espécie, são apresentadas descrições, medidas, fotografias, desenhos de estruturas com importância sistemática (processo metasternal e genitália de ambos os sexos), chave dicotômica e mapa de distribuição. Aceratodes é elevado a gênero com base em caracteres morfológicos comuns as espécies, tais como: ângulo umeral não desenvolvido e arrendondado; placas genitais da fêmea não, ou pouco projetadas posteriormente; segmento abdominal VI não projetado posteriormente; hemiélitro com embólio apresentando textura, coloração e padrão de pontuação distintos do restante do cório; braços do processo metasternal achatados lateralmente e não atingindo o terço anterior do mesosterno. Aceratodes passou a ser formado por 19 espécies. Uma espécie nova da Mata Atlântica; duas originalmente descritas neste gênero: A. albomarginatus e A. marginalis; e 16 transferidas de Edessa: E. abdominalis, E. aulacosterna, E. brasiliensis, E. carnosa, E. castaneolineta, E. cerradensis, E. chapadensis, E. fulvicornis, E. luteovenulata, E. meditabunda, E. mexicana, E. ovalis, E. piperitia, E. rufodorsata e E. rufomarginata, E. sternalis. A fêmea de A. meditabundus é descrita pela primeira vez. O lectótipo de Edessa mexicana foi aqui designado. As espécies Edessa corallipes, Edessa cogitabunda e Edessa virididorsata foram sinonimizadas a A. carnosus, A. meditabundus e A. fulvicornis, respectivamente.

Concepção morfológica de fórceps, para intervenção no paciente em posição supina e o operador sentado

Ergonomics, the science of working rationalization, seeks the best relationship between man and his working tools. In Dentistry, ergonomics is present as for the professional working correctly seated, in functional comfort, intervening of supine position patient, by means of suitable equipment and instrument. Nowadays, dental equipment is justly rationalized; however, some instruments should take shape, in order to adapt those requirements. The hand tool design should permit a comfortable, non-slip and safe handling. Thus, anatomical details, the correct position of the operator for its use and specific characteristics of application should be taken into account. The instrument under analysis - forceps - was conceived according to these requirements along with a new alveolar tooth extraction technique, based on electromyographic and biomechanical studies. The morphology of the instrument, which makes possible a simple and natural kinetics of the operator, was obtained by changing the paradigm of the conventional cross-action instruments (whose grip is always on the arms of the tool), divesting the handle from the tool arm. This induced on anatomical conceiving of perpendicular handles to the extremity of the tool arm, resulting an efficient and effective instrument, according to indicated on its experimental phase

Karyotype variability in tropical maize sister inbred lines and hybrids compared with KYS standard line

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)