998 resultados para Argamassas de revestimento. Resíduos de construção. Agregado reciclado
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil Construção
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A classificação e as características das cais hidráulicas naturais (NHL) sofreram uma alteração com a entrada em vigor da nova versão da norma europeia referente às cais de construção. Atualmente existem três classes de NHL: NHL2, NHL3.5 e NHL5. Estas cais apresentam quantidades decrescentes de hidróxido de cálcio na sua constituição e, quando utilizadas em argamassas, conduzem a características crescentes de hidraulicidade. Portugal é um dos poucos países a nível mundial que produz cais hidráulicas naturais. É importante conhecer as características obtidas com a cal NHL2 que recentemente surgiu no mercado. Para além do ligante, o agregado, e nomeadamente a sua distribuição granulométrica, também desempenha um papel muito importante nas características das argamassas. Por estas razões formularam-se e caracterizaram-se, no estado fresco e endurecido, argamassas ao traço volumétrico 1:3 com NHL2 com três granulometrias distintas de agregados siliciosos: uma areia média, uma areia fina e uma mistura de areias com distribuição granulométrica semelhante à areia CEN. As características obtidas foram comparadas com as de argamassas realizadas com agregado idêntico mas formuladas com uma cal aérea CL90. Os ensaios mecânicos foram realizados aos 28 dias. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as argamassas com NHL2 estudadas, para o mesmo traço em volume, necessitam de uma quantidade massica menor de água que as argamassas de cal aérea CL e têm resistências mecânicas mais elevadas mas que parecem adequadas para aplicação na reparação de edifícios antigos. As argamassas produzidas com a mistura de areias próxima da areia CEN obtiveram resistências mecânicas mais elevadas que as argamassas produzidas com as areias monogranulares.
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Existe hoje na construção civil uma grande variedade de traços de argamassa para revestimento. Estes traços são, muitas vezes, utilizados de maneira inadequada, não levando-se em consideração as solicitações a que estes revestimentos serão submetidos. Este uso inadequado é muitas vezes o responsável pelo surgimento de manifestações patológicas que conduzem a diminuição da vida útil de um componente ou de uma edificação como um todo, conduzindo a gastos com sua recuperação e até a total insatisfação do usuário. Neste trabalho, é realizado um levantamento em algumas construtoras de Porto Alegre com a finalidade de se obter os traços mais utilizados para revestimento de paredes com argamassa . Dentre os traços utilizados, foram escolhidos seis, entre aqueles mais utilizados e aqueles que são indicados por fabricantes de aditivos por apresentarem bons resultados quando utilizados como argamassa de revestimento. Estas argamassas foram submetidas a avaliação de seu desempenho no estado endurecido, através de ensaios realizados em laboratório. Os resultados mostram que os traços utilizados apresentam diferenças quanto ao seu desempenho. Sendo, portanto, de fundamental importância para redução da incidência de patologias, a escolha adequada da argamassa em função das exigências que serão impostas ao revestimento.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal, efetuar um estudo da viabilidade da utilização do rejeito de indústrias de produtos cerâmicos (cerâmica vermelha), como substitutivo do agregado graúdo de rocha, na produção de concreto com características estruturais. O rejeito foi coletado em quatro diferentes indústrias, localizadas no município de Gravataí, região metropolitana da Grande Porto Alegre-RS, sendo posteriormente britado, para a obtenção do agregado, objeto deste estudo. Foram analisadas as principais características do agregado produzido, distribuição granulométrica, massa unitária, massa específica e absorção de água. A seguir, foi feito um estudo para estabelecer o teor de argamassa a ser utilizado nas misturas, sendo efetuado também uma avaliação da resistência à compressão em função do teor de argamassa. Uma vez fixado o teor de argamassa, foram feitos ensaios a fim de estabelecer a correlação da resistência à compressão, com a relação água/cimento, gerando, desta forma, as chamadas curvas de Abrams, vindo a possibilitar o traçado dos gráficos de dosagem. O estudo baseou-se em determinações experimentais da resistência à compressão, da resistência à tração por compressão diametral, absorção de água, o desgaste e o módulo de deformação estática, utilizando-se em referência de comparação um concreto convencional, produzido com brita basáltica. Todas as misturas foram confeccionadas com cimento Portland pozolânico (tipo IV) classe 32, areia natural de rio e água potável. Os resultados obtidos mostraram ser tecnicamente viável, o emprego do rejeito cerâmico, como agregado graúdo, na produção de concreto.
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This study aims to compare the thermal performance of tiles made from recycled material (waste packaging cardboard with aluminized film) with the tiles of fiber and bitumen, fiber cement and red ceramic with the aim of verifying the suitability of tile to be used in hot and humid climate of low latitude. The samples were selected according to the availability from Natal - RN market, as they are sold to the consumers. The methodology was based on studies that used experimental apparatus composed of thermal chambers heated by banks of incandescent bulbs, to analyze the thermal performance of materials. The tiles in the study were submitted to analysis of thermal performance, thermophysical properties and absorptance, using chambers of thermal performance, measuring the thermophysical properties and portable spectrometer, respectively. Comparative analysis of thermal performance between two samples of the recycled material with dimple sizes and different amounts of aluminum were made, in order to verify, if these characteristics had some interference on the thermal performance of them; the results showed no significant performance differences between the samples. The data obtained in chambers of thermal performance and confirmed by statistical analysis, showed, that the tile of recycled material have similar thermal performance to the tile of fiber cement. In addition to these tests was carried out the automatic monitoring of a building covered with tiles of recycled material, to verify its thermal performance in a real situation. The results showed that recycled shingles must be used with technical criteria similar to those used for fiber cement tiles, with regard to the heat gain into the building. Within these criteria should be taken into account local characteristics, especially in regions with hot and humid climate, and its use must be associated, according to the literature, to elements of thermal insulation and use of passive techniques such as vented attics, ceilings and right foot higher
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Among the industries, those that produce ceramic porcelain for use in construction industry and oil, during the exploration and production period, play an important role in the production of waste. Much research has been carried out both by academia and the productive sector, sometimes reintroducing them in the same production line that generated them, sometimes in areas unrelated to their generation, as in the production of concrete and mortar for the construction, for example, but each one in an isolated way. In this research, the aim is to study the combined incorporation of the waste drill cuttings of oil well and the residue of the polishing of porcelain, generated in the final stage of finishing of this product in a clay matrix, for the production of red pottery, specifically bricks, ceramic blocks and tiles. The clay comes from the municipality of São Gonçalo, RN, the drilling waste is from the Natal basin, in Rio Grande do Norte, and the residue of the polishing proceeds from a ceramic porcelain of the State of Paraíba. For this purpose, we used a mixture of a plastic clay with a non-plastic, in a ratio of 50% each, settling formulations with the addition of these two residues in this clay matrix. In the formulations, both residues were incorporated with a minimum percentage of 2.5% and maximum of 12.5%, varying from 2.5% each, in each formulation, which the sum of the waste be no more than 15%. It should be noted that the residue of the polishing of ceramic porcelain is a IIa class (not inert). The materials were characterized by XRF, XRD, TG, DTA, laser granulometry and the plasticity index. The technological properties of water absorption, apparent porosity, linear shrinkage of burning, flexural tensile strength and bulk density were evaluated after the sintering of the pieces to 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C, with a burning time of 3 hr, 3 hr and 30 minutes, and 3 hr and 50 minutes, respectively, with a heating rate of 10 °C/minute, for all formulations and landing of 30 minutes. To better understand the influence of each residue and temperature on the evaluated properties, we used the factorial planning and its surfaces of response for the interpretation of the results. It was found that the temperature has no statistical significance at a 95% of reliability level in flexural tensile strength and that it decreases the water absorption and the porosity, but increases the shrinkage and the bulk density. The results showed the feasibility of the desired incorporation, but adjusting the temperature to each product and formulation, and that the temperatures of 850 °C and 950 °C were the one that responded to the largest number of formulations
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Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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From the 70`s, with the publication of the Manifesto for Environment UN Conference, held in Stockholm, in Sweden (1972), defend and improve the environment became part of our daily lives. Thus, several studies have emerged in several segments in order to reuse the waste. Some examples of waste incorporated in portland cement concrete are: rice husk ash, bagasse ash of cane sugar, powder-stone, microsilica, tire rubber, among others. This research used the residue of the mining industry Scheelite, to evaluate the incorporation of the residue composition of Portland cement concrete, replacing the natural sand. The percentage of residue were incorporated from 0% to 100%, with a variation of 10%, 11 being produced concrete mix in the ratio 1:2:3:0.60, by mass. We evaluated the following characteristics of concrete: slump test, compressive strength, tensile strength by diametral compression, water absorption, porosity and density, based on the ABNT, through tests performed in the Laboratory of Civil Construction, UFRN. The trace with the addition of 60% scheelite residue was obtained which better performance. Therefore, the use of the waste from the production of Scheelite is feasible due to the durability parameters (water absorption and porosity), sustainability, and the good results of the resistance of the concrete
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According to great concern between the developed industrial activities and resultant impacts over the environment, an association of several factors have occurred, procedures to the efficient management of the rotation between economical development and the environment have been improved. A research in field have been realized inside building sites of companies in order to provide knowledge about the implemented and accomplish actions according to the resolution from CONAMA nº307. Trough the interview among the representations of the companies and photographic survey in loco, such as, what makes the companies implement this management, reutilization and recycling, transport and disposition. The present study had as objective: analyze the insertion of the used tools to residuals management, proposing improvements, in a way that it can be easily identified during the procedures execution in the building sites of the building companies of the city of Natal/RN. To reach the goal, in the first place a revision of the pertinent literature was performed; there for, it can be seen the relation between residues management and environment sustainability, once it happens in a continued way it may prevent the waste and reduces the risk that the activities way bring to the employees, community and environment; once found the great difficult faced with regard to labors, material, equipment, project, planning, costumer s interference, furnisher. And still, it could be verified wich materials generate greater indexes of residues in the works and the main occurrences of waste and loss. However a greater transparency is needed coming from the high administration in the commitment with the continued actions, to make it so, there must be a cultural change inside the company. There for there will be a greater productivity and quality of the under taking such as costumer s satisfaction
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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New materials made from industrial wastes have been studied as an alternative to traditional fabrication processes in building and civil engineering. These materials are produced considering some issues like: cost, efficiency and reduction of nvironmental damage. Specifically in cases of materials destined to dwellings in low latitude regions, like Brazilian Northeast, efficiency is related to mechanical and thermal resistance. Thus, when thermal insulation and energetic efficiency are aimed, it s important to increase thermal resistance without depletion of mechanical properties. This research was conducted on a construction element made of two plates of cement mortar, interspersed with a plate of recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS). This component, widely known as sandwich-panel, is commonly manufactured with commercial EPS whose substitution was proposed in this study. For this purpose it was applied a detailed methodology that defines parameters to a rational batching of the elements that constitute the nucleus. Samples of recycled EPS were made in two different values of apparent specific mass (ρ = 65 kg/m³; ρ = 130 kg/m³) and submitted to the Quick-Line 30TM that is a thermophysical properties analyzer. Based on the results of thermal conductivity, thermal capacity and thermal diffusivity obtained, it was possible to assure that recycled EPS has thermal insulation characteristics that qualify it to replace commercial EPS in building and civil engineering industry
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)