Lengua y derecho a la educación en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco : reflexiones jurídicas sobre el tránsito hacia un nuevo modelo

The article analyzes the legal regime of Euskara in the education system of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (capv). In the capv, the legislation recognizes the right to choose the language of study during the educational cycle. The students are separated into different classrooms based on their language preference. This system of separation (of language models) has made it possible to make great strides, although its implementation also suggests aspects which, from the perspective of a pluralistic Basque society on its way towards greater social, political and language integration, call for further reflection The general model for language planning in the capv was fashioned in the eighties as a model characterized by the guarantee of spaces of language freedom, and the educational system was charged with making the learning of the region’s autochthonous language more widespread. At this point, we already have a fair degree of evidence on which to base an analysis of the system of language models and we are in a position to conclude that perhaps the educational system was given too heavy a burden. Official studies on language performance of Basque schoolchildren show (in a way that is now fully verified) that not all the students who finish their mandatory period of schooling achieve the level of knowledge of Euskara required by the regulations. When faced with this reality, it becomes necessary for us to articulate some alternative to the current configuration of the system of language models, one that will make it possible in the future to have a Basque society that is linguistically more integrated, thereby avoiding having the knowledge or lack of knowledge of one of the official languages become a language barrier between two communities. Many sides have urged a reconsideration of the system of language models. The Basque Parliament itself has requested the Department of Education to design a new system. This article analyzes the legal foundations on which the current system is built and explores the potential avenues for legal cooperation that would make it possible to move towards a new system aimed at guaranteeing higher rates of bilingualism. The system would be sufficiently flexible so as to be able to respond to and accommodate the different sociolinguistic realities of the region.

Régimen jurídico de las lenguas y reconocimiento de la diversidad lingüística en el Tratado por el que se establece una Constitución para Europa

The territory of the European Union is made up of a rich and wide-ranging universe of languages, which is not circumscribed to the «State languages». The existence of multilingualism is one of Europe’s defining characteristics and it should remain so in the constantly evolving model of Europe’s political structure. Nonetheless, until now, the official use of languages has been limited to the «State languages» and has been based on a concept of state monolingualism that has led to a first level of hierarchization among the languages of Europe. This has affected the very concept of European language diversity. The draft of the treaty establishing a European Constitution contains various language-related references that can be grouped in two major categories: on the one hand, those references having to do the constitutional status of languages, and on the other, those regarding the recognition of European language diversity. Both issues are dealt with in this article. In analyzing the legal regime governing languages set forth in the draft of the constitutional treaty, we note that the draft is not based on the concept of the official status of languages. The language regulation contained in the draft of the constitutional treaty is limited in character. The constitutional language regime is based on the concept of Constitutional languages but the official status of languages is not governed by this rule. The European Constitution merely enunciates rights governing language use for European citizens vis-à-vis the languages of the Constitution and refers the regulation of the official status of languages to the Council, which is empowered to set and modify that status by unanimous decision. Because of its broad scope, this constitutes a regulatory reservation. In the final phase of the negotiation process a second level of constitutional recognition of languages would be introduced, linked to those that are official languages in the member states (Catalan, Basque, Galician, etc.). These languages, however, would be excluded from the right to petition; they would constitute a tertium genus, an intermediate category between the lan guages benefiting from the language rights recognized under the Constitution and those other languages for which no status is recognized in the European institutional context. The legal functionality of this second, intermediate category will depend on the development of standards, i.e., it will depend on the entrée provided such languages in future reforms of the institutional language regime. In a later section, the article reflects on European Union language policy with regard to regional or minority languages, concluding that the Union has not acted in accordance with defined language policy guidelines when it has been confronted, in the exercise of its powers, with regional or minority languages (or domestic legislation having to do with language demands). The Court of Justice has endeavoured to resolve on a case by case basis the conflicts raised between community freedoms and the normative measures that protect languages. Thus, using case law, the Court has set certain language boundaries for community freedoms. The article concludes by reflecting on the legal scope of the recognition of European language diversity referred to in Article II-82 of the European Constitution and the possible measures to implement the precept that might constitute the definition of a true European language policy on regional or minority languages. Such a policy has yet to be defined.

Apuntes jurídicos sobre el paisaje lingüístico en Euskal Herria

This paper is a study of place-names and signs in the Basque Country from the point of view of language law. These are matters that relate to both the status and corpus of language and contribute to the formation of the language landscape,» After a brief historical introduction, the author focuses on the factors that bear on signs and the language 1andscape: the cornpetence factor and the language factor. The description of the latter leads the author to a discussion of the existing language system, in which the Spanish and Basque sharing official status does not necessarily entail the obligation to use both languages at the same time. Using this discussion as a frame of reference, the au- thor analyses place-names, traffic signals and signs. As for place-names, the existing rules are deemed rigid and lacking in ambition, in that they do not pursue the dissemination of official Basque forms. In traffic signaIs, Basque has to appear alongside Spanish, which is required by Spanish legislation, although this bilingualism excludes place-names that have an official Basque form only. With regard to signs, the author analyses public premises, companies licensed to provide public services and the private sector. For public premises there is no specific regulation, but the status of Basque as an autochthonous language, together with the identification and informatíon purposes of signs, could support the exclusive use of this language, According to the author , companies licensed to provide public services should observe the same language system as the goverment and therefore promote the use of Basque. Finally, in the private sector, the author upholds the legitimacy of measures to promote Basque language use such as tax allowances and exemptions in advertising and commercial signs.

The presence of the Aragonese language in the magazine "El Ebro" (1917-1936)

El Ebro (1917-1936) was a magazine published in Barcelona by Aragonese emigrants at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first experience of coexistence of different dialectal varieties of the Aragonese language in the same media. El Ebro was an experience that has gone virtually unnoticed in the recent history of one of the most minority languages, and with minor media presence, of Western Europe. In its pages El Ebro mixed dialects spoken in different regions of linguistic Aragonese area together with transcripts of medieval documents. At the same time, this newspaper raised debates about the language issue that they were truncated due to disappearance of the publication and the lack of theoretical realization

Las políticas lingüísticas en Quebec y Cataluña : un reflejo de las dinámicas sociales

Le but de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre les fondements et enjeux sociopolitiques d’un processus d’aménagement linguistique, ainsi que de cerner le rôle que le fait linguistique peut avoir dans le processus de construction d’un système national et dans son fonctionnement et de quelle manière l’application d’une politique linguistique se révèle efficace. Pour ce faire, nous procéderons à une étude comparative des cas concrets de la planification linguistique de la Catalogne et du Québec. Le choix des deux régions se base principalement sur le fait qu’elles représentent toutes les deux un type de nation « subétatique » au sein de laquelle la langue propre (le catalan et le français respectivement) s’est révélée être un élément clé de la représentation de l’identité collective, et qu’elle y possède à la fois un rôle symbolique et participatif. Cependant, la nature du conflit linguistique engendré par la cohabitation entre la langue propre et la langue de l’état (français-anglais/ catalan-espagnol) est visiblement perçu et traité de manière différente dans les deux régions. Donc, les environnements sociopolitiques et linguistiques québécois et catalans offrent à la fois des similitudes et des divergences qui mettent en relief certaines caractéristiques essentielles à la compréhension des mécanismes dans le développement d’une politique linguistique. Les étapes de l’étude se divisent en trois : après une exposition de l’évolution de la théorie de la planification linguistique, seront abordés les moments et évènements historiques marquants, intimement liés au développement du sentiment nationaliste dans les deux régions, ce qui permettra par le fait même d’explorer les relations entre les entités « subétatiques » et étatiques: Québec/Canada et Catalogne/Espagne. Puis seront passés en revue les textes législatifs et juridiques et leur portée. C’est-à-dire que sera vue plus spécifiquement l’application concrète des politiques linguistiques dans les domaines de l’éducation, de l’immigration et des médias de communication. Finalement, au regard des recensements sociolinguistiques les plus récents, les relations seront établies entre les résultats statistiques de l’usage des langues dans les régions respectives et les moyens ayant été déployés dans le cadre de la planification linguistique.

La Enseñanza explícita de la pronunciación: creencias de los profesores y sus repercusiones en el aula de E/LE

En este trabajo me propongo analizar las creencias de un grupo de profesores de español como lengua extranjera acerca de la importancia de la enseñanza explícita de la pronunciación en una situación de inmersión y en qué medida estas creencias se ven reflejadas en su actuación en el aula. Tras hacer una revisión bibliográfica del estado de la cuestión llevaré a cabo una investigación en dos etapas: una primera fase de grabación de clases en audio para analizar el tratamiento de la pronunciación en el aula y una segunda fase de análisis de las creencias de los profesores que puedan fundamentar su actuación. Para mí lo fundamental será disponer de un buen punto de partida para ser capaz de formular un plan de acción formativa para los profesores de mi centro y para incorporar mejoras a nuestros cursos de formación de profesores. Pero esto será objeto de una investigación posterior.

Immunològic i immunitari: un esforç il·lògic? [pòster]

Pòster presentat al I Congrés Internacional de Neologia de les Llengües Romàniques (CINEO 2008).

Immunològic i immunitari: un esforç il·lògic? [edició preliminar]

Edició preliminar de l’article publicat en les actes del I Congrés Internacional de Neologia de les Llengües Romàniques (CINEO 2008).

Creaci??n de recursos y materiales para alumnado con dificultad de aprendizaje

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone la elaboraci??n de materiales para dar respuesta a la diversidad de alumnado. Se realiza en el IES Veleta en Granada. Los objetivos son: crear unos materiales que estuvieran adaptados a los niveles de nuestros alumnos; crear unos materiales que cubrieran las necesidades, motivaciones e intereses de nuestros alumnos; facilitar a nuestro alumnado la adquisici??n de los conocimientos m??nimos exigidos en el curr??culo; agrupar los materiales resultantes en tres ??mbitos para facilitar la labor docente y el proceso de ense??anza-aprendizaje de nuestro alumnado; fomentar un mayor conocimiento de la lengua espa??ola y la ampliaci??n de su l??xico para conseguir en nuestro alumnado una expresi??n m??s fluida; utilizar el material elaborado en situaciones reales dentro del aula; dar respuesta a una situaci??n cambiante dentro de nuestras aulas; facilitar la labor a los docentes para dar una respuesta m??s r??pida y efectiva en el contexto cambiante de nuestras aulas; fomentar el conocimiento y la apreciaci??n de la cultura espa??ola valorando el respeto y la opini??n de los dem??s; crear un ambiente de trabajo relajado pero activo y responsable; fomentar la autonom??a de nuestro alumnado en su proceso de ense??anza-aprendizaje; propiciar la participaci??n activa de los alumnos en las clases; motivar el esfuerzo, razonamiento l??gico y autonom??a del alumnado, trabajando en clase casos y problemas de la vida cotidiana.

Cuento contigo, cuenta conmigo : Timi

Se presenta experiencia educativa que propone distintas actividades para promover la integraci??n escolar. Se realiza en el CEIP Jabalc??n en Baza, Granada. Los objetivos son: inculcar a los ni??os-as la adquisici??n de valores b??sicos tanto para el desarrollo personal como para la educaci??n de la ciudadan??a; conocer las caracter??sticas, posibilidades y limitaciones del alumnado con necesidades especiales; descubrir y valorar otras formas y sistemas alternativos de comunicaci??n e interactuar con ellos; vivenciar y experimentar distintas discapacidades; descubrir el enriquecimiento que aporta la ayuda para todos; propiciar el acercamiento y conocimiento de la experiencia vivida por las familias del alumnado con necesidades especiales.