Approaches of the Action Art in early childhood Education. Some other ways of interrelation within the educational system

This Artistic research project was created in order to test how to put into practice approaches between Contemporary Art and University daily life. In this particular case, between Action Art and the students at the Early Childhood Education University in Alicante. The generalized lack of awareness about changes which took place in Art in the XX century, demonstrates the lack of interest on the part of students about Contemporary Art, and therefore, it is still remarkable, the distance between Art and life. Thus, as artists and teachers, the chance to carry out specific experiments is open within everyday educational life. Therefore, through Action Art a communicative interaction is possible to be achieved as an active learning process and, in such way, change the usual existing relationships in a predetermine context, creating this way, future Contemporary Art consumers and transmitters.

Formulation of Locally Reacting Surfaces in FDTD/K-DWM Modelling of Acoustic Spaces

In this paper, we present new methods for constructing and analysing formulations of locally reacting surfaces that can be used in finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of acoustic spaces. Novel FDTD formulations of frequency-independent and simple frequency-dependent impedance boundaries are proposed for 2D and 3D acoustic systems, including a full treatment of corners and boundary edges. The proposed boundary formulations are designed for virtual acoustics applications using the standard leapfrog scheme based on a rectilinear grid, and apply to FDTD as well as Kirchhoff variable digital waveguide mesh (K-DWM) methods. In addition, new analytic evaluation methods that accurately predict the reflectance of numerical boundary formulations are proposed. numerical experiments and numerical boundary analysis (NBA) are analysed in time and frequency domains in terms of the pressure wave reflectance for different angles of incidence and various impedances. The results show that the proposed boundary formulations structurally adhere well to the theoretical reflectance. In particular, both reflectance magnitude and phase are closely approximated even at high angles of incidence and low impedances. Furthermore, excellent agreement was found between the numerical boundary analysis and the experimental results, validating both as tools for researching FDTD boundary formulations.

The control of social attention from 1 to 4 months

The control of social attention during early infancy was investigated in two studies. In both studies, an adult turned towards one of two targets within the infant's immediate visual field. We tested: (a) whether infants were able to follow the direction of the adult's head turn; and (b) whether following a head turn was accompanied by further gaze shifts between experimenter and target. In the first study, 1-month-olds did not demonstrate attention following at the group level. In addition, those infants who turned towards the same target remained fixed on it and did not shift attention again. In Study 2, we tested infants longitudinally at 2-4 months. At the group level, infants followed the adult's head turn at 3 and 4 months but not at 2 months. Those infants who turned towards the same target at 3 and 4 months also shifted gaze back and forth between experimenter and target. By 3 months, infants seem able to capitalize on the social environment to disengage and distribute attention more flexibly. The results support the claim that the control of social attention begins in early infancy, and are consistent with the hypothesis that following the attention of other people is dependent on the development of disengagement skills.

Functional peptidomics of amphibian skin secretion: A novel Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitor from the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina senegalensis

Amphibian skin secretions are, for the most part, complex peptidomes. While many peptide components have been biologically- and structurally-characterised into discrete "families", some of which are analogues of endogenous vertebrate regulatory peptides, a substantial number are of unique structure and unknown function. Among the components of these secretory peptidomes is an array of protease inhibitors. Inhibitors of trypsin are of widespread occurrence in different taxa and are representative of many established structural classes, including Kunitz, Kazal and Bowman-Birk. However, few protease inhibitors with activity against other specific proteases have been described from this source. Here we report for the first time, the isolation and structural characterisation of an inhibitor of chymotrypsin of Kunitz-type from the skin secretion of the African hyperoliid frog, Kassina senegalensis. To this end, we employed a functional peptidomic approach. This scheme involves fractionation of the peptidome, functional end-point screening, structural characterisation of resultant actives followed by molecular cloning of biosynthetic precursor-encoding cDNA(s). The novel mature and active polypeptide identified consisted of 62 amino acid residues (average molecular mass 6776.24 Da), of which 6 were positionally-conserved cysteines. The P(1) position within the active site was occupied by a phenylalanyl residue. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequence using BLAST, revealed a structural similarity to Kunitz-type chymotrypsin inhibitors from other organisms, ranging from silkworms to snakes.

Coeliac disease-associated antibodies correlate with psoriasis activity

Antigliadin antibodies (AGA) have been reported in patients with psoriasis.

The feasibility of using near infrared and Raman spectroscopic techniques to detect fraudulent adulteration of chili powders with Sudan dye

Chili powder is a globally traded commodity which has been found to be adulterated with Sudan dyes from 2003 onwards. In this study, chili powders were adulterated with varying quantities of Sudan I dye (0.1-5%) and spectra were generated using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and Raman
spectroscopy (on a spectrometer with a sample compartment modified as part of the study). Chemometrics were applied to the spectral data to produce quantitative and qualitative calibration models and prediction statistics. For the quantitative models coefficients of determination (R2) were found to be
0.891-0.994 depending on which spectral data (NIRS/Raman) was processed, the mathematical algorithm used and the data pre-processing applied. The corresponding values for the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were found to be 0.208-0.851%
and 0.141-0.831% respectively, once again depending on the spectral data and the chemometric treatment applied to the data. Indications are that the NIR spectroscopy based models are superior to the models produced from Raman spectral data based on a comparison of the values of the chemometric
parameters. The limit of detection (LOD) based on analysis of 20 blank chili powders against each calibration model gave 0.25% and 0.88% for the NIR and Raman data, respectively. In addition, adopting a qualitative approach with the spectral data and applying PCA or PLS-DA, it was possible to discriminate
between adulterated chili powders from non-adulterated chili powders.

Diseño de una Empresa Agrícola productora de frutilla en la ciudad de Quito

El diseño de una empresa agrícola productora de frutilla en la ciudad de Quito, fue creado con el fin de implementar un proyecto atractivo con ventajas competitivas que permitan obtener resultados positivos, dentro del cual se realizan cuatro estudios que son: de mercado, técnico, financiero y de impacto. Por tanto, para observar la viabilidad del mismo se investigó utilizando una muestra poblacional de 384 familias del sector norte de la ciudad de Quito y mediante la colaboración de otras fuentes, con lo cual se pudo obtener resultados confiables sobre la oferta y demanda de frutilla existente en la ciudad de Quito, con lo cual se obtuvo que la oferta de frutilla para el presente año, en la ciudad de Quito, es de 3`564.074 kilos y la demanda es de 4´455.093 kilos, resultando una demanda insatisfecha de 891.018 kilos de frutilla, cuya demanda puede ser satisfecha con la implementación de proyectos como éste. Esta empresa estará ubicada en el sector norte de Quito, en San Juan de Calderón, donde se realizará el cultivo de frutilla con la utilización de un terreno de 1080 metros cuadrados, distribuidos eficiente y adecuadamente para obtener la productividad esperada, constando de 12 platabandas con tres hileras cada una, que medirán 47 metros de largo y 1 metro de ancho, cuyo cultivo, producirá la cantidad de 18360 kilos de frutilla al año. Contando con las respectivas contingencias, este cultivo se desarrolla en un ciclo de producción de tres meses, momento en el cual ya está lista la fruta para su distribución, realizando para esto tres siembras de cuatro platabandas cada una de ellas, las cuales se sembrarán cuatro en enero, cuatro en febrero y las últimas cuatro platabandas en marzo, obteniendo con esto una producción secuencial mensual a partir del mes de abril del primer año, puesto que la cantidad de equilibrio de la distribución de frutilla en la ciudad de Quito es de 8.098 kilos al año, lo que representa que la producción a obtener es superior, también es necesario expresar que aunque es un cultivo muy fácil de implementar se deben tener los conocimientos necesarios para ello, cuya información se encuentra en el presente trabajo.

Externally confined concrete columns using FRP tubes

This paper presents an experimental investigation carried out on concrete filled fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) tubes, subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. Two types of FRP materials were used: glass fibres and carbon fibres. Different failure modes and the effect of concrete fill, type of confinement materials, reinforcement ratio based on tube thickness and type of loading are examined. The study shows that external confinement of concrete by means of modern materials, such fibre reinforced polymers, can enhance its strength and ductility as well as result in large energy absorption capacity. This has important safety implications, especially in regions with seismic activity. A model that predicts the behaviour of confined concrete which takes into account the stiffness and effectiveness of different confinement materials is briefly introduced.

Book review. Cartographies of Time: a history of the timeline.

A review of 'Cartographies of Time: a history of the timeline' by Daniel Rosenberg and Anthony Grafton. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press, 2010. (272pp. ISBN: 9781568987637). Keywords: timeline, chronographics

Le rapport au savoir scientifique d'enseignantes et d'enseignants du primaire

Nous avons procédé à l'examen de problèmes relatifs à l'éducation aux sciences via une approche à caractère épistémologique, contrairement à l'approche plus usuelle qui aborde les difficultés des apprenants à composer avec les connaissances dites scientifiques seulement d'un point de vue cognitif. La question de recherche que nous nous sommes posée a été la suivante: Quel est le rapport au savoir scientifique d'enseignantes et d'enseignants du primaire? Pour répondre à cette question sur le plan méthodologique, nous avons envisagé l'étude du rapport au savoir scientifique d'enseignantes et d'enseignants dans un contexte relié à leur savoir et à leur expertise de tous les jours. Nos modalités de cueillette de données ont été le récit écrit et l'entrevue individuelle semi-structurée. Notre recherche a pris la forme d'une étude de cas multiples conduisant à l'étude des rapports épistémique, pratique et identitaire au savoir scientifique de dix enseignantes et enseignants d'écoles populaires de Caracas, au Vénézuéla. Nos analyses nous ont amenés à affirmer que les sujets ont manifesté un rapport au savoir scientifique dominé par la dépendance et la soumission à l'égard des sciences ainsi que d'autres caractéristiques propres à une approche empirico-réaliste. Cependant, dans un contexte relié à leur savoir-faire et à leur expertise, nous avons repéré des traces de l'émergence d'une vision des sciences qui tient compte, entre autres, du caractère social de la production de ces dernières, ce qui pourrait se qualifier comme faisant partie d'une tendance épistémologique du type socioconstructiviste. En plus, nos analyses nous amènent à suggérer que dans ce contexte les sujets auraient également initié une articulation entre leur savoir-faire et le savoir scientifique, ce qui les aurait amenés à véhiculer un rapport plus émancipatoire vis-à-vis les sciences. Cette articulation des savoirs permet également d'envisager des expériences éducatives plus créatives, plus émancipatoires et plus en lien avec les visions contemporaines émergentes de la science, de son enseignement et de son apprentissage. Bien que de nombreuses recherches dans le domaine de l'éducation soulignent l'importance d'articuler les savoirs disciplinaires avec les savoirs d'expérience, peu illustrent de manière approfondie l'exercice de cette articulation. Notre recherche permet de penser à l'idée d'un rapport au savoir qui donne une véritable place à l'expertise publique des individus et non seulement à l'explication scientifique jugée la seule valable. Ainsi, au-delà des hiérarchisations, chaque savoir aurait sa valeur et sa place, l'articulation des savoirs favorisant chez les sujets apprenants un plus grand intérêt pour l'apprentissage des sciences.