Análisis de las necesidades e intereses del alumnado de BUP y COU en materia de Educación Física.

Análisis de los intereses del alumno en Educación Física. Establecer unos elementos de ayuda para que cualquier profesor de EF tenga unas bases amplias para desarrollar su programación anual. 4.859 alumnos de Zaragoza, 7'98 por cien de la población total del estudio, estratificada por: sexo, enseñanza segregada o mixta, por ubicación, por tipo de centros y cursos. Estudio-investigación de base, no se especifican hipótesis de partida. Como variable se usan los distintos estratos del censo: sexo, provincia, tipo de enseñanza, tipo de centro, localización geográfica, curso. Se codifican 59 variables. Se hicieron y analizaron por ordenador las variables -frecuencias en porcentajes- individualmente. Se cruzaron 6 con todas las demás y otras 13 parejas adicionales. Se obtuvieron medias ponderadas de todas las variables generales y de otras 33 más. Nota: los datos de práctica deportiva incluyen las clases de Educación Física. 1) El 86 por cien practican deportes. 2) Por deportes, el 56 por cien practica deporte individual -footing, montañismo, atletismo, esquí, natación-. Deportes de equipo el 41 por cien, fútbol el 30 por cien. 3) Observan deporte en menor grado -70 por cien que lo practican-. 4) Las alumnas practican y observan menos -80, 61 por cien- que los alumnos. COU menos que primero de BUP -91, 72 por cien-. No hay grandes diferencias en cuanto al tipo de centro -alrededor del 85 por cien-. 5) La asignatura de Educación Física es considerada como secundaria pero espera más de ella y la considera bastante útil. 6) Los alumnos consideran estos tres criterios para evaluar la Educación Física: a) interés, esfuerzo; b) mejora en cualidades físicas; c) la propia condición física. 7) El 51 por cien desea clases mixtas -alumnos junto con alumnas- en todas las actividades de Educación Física. -Nota: siempre desde el punto de vista de los alumnos-. 1) En la Educación Física deben entrar conocimientos teóricos. 2) Las clases deben ser mixtas -menos aceptadas en centros exclusivamente femeninos-. 3) Las clases liberan tensiones físicas, psicológicas y sexuales. 4) Los alumnos exentos deben realizar trabajos complementarios, deben asistir a clase. 5) Deben servir para superar el miedo o el ridículo y para descargar agresividad. 6) Es necesario que la clase resulte divertida pero no siempre es posible. 7) Debe tender a la perfección: programas cortos pero profundos. 8) En Educación Física las relaciones principales no son tan favorables como podrían ser.

Regeneracionismo y educaci??n en Espa??a (1900-1923) : an??lisis de un fracaso

Estudiar la situaci??n de la Ense??anza Primaria en Espa??a durante el per??odo de 1900-1923, cuando el movimiento intelectual del Regeneracionismo intent?? modernizar el pa??s. Analizar en qu?? grado repercuti?? este movimiento en las medidas educativas adoptadas por las elites dirigentes, y si la mejora de la ense??anza fue o no una realidad.. Anuarios y repertorios estad??sticos de la ??poca.. Se escoge el nivel educativo b??sico, considerado por los coet??neos el de reforma prioritaria. La acotaci??n del per??odo obedece a que se trata de una fase con significaci??n propia: se abre con la voluntad pol??tica de abonar puntualmente sus haberes al magisterio primario (1900) y se cierra con el advenimiento de la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923). La variable independiente consiste en la evoluci??n de la educaci??n p??blica infantil, para cuyo an??lisis se consideran los siguientes aspectos: 1. El discurso de los intelectuales y las propuestas de los pol??ticos del momento. 2. El panorama real del sistema educativo, considerando las variables dependientes de la escolarizaci??n, los centros escolares y los maestros. 3. La etiolog??a del fracaso del Regeneracionismo a nivel pedag??gico.. Porcentajes.. Aunque los pol??ticos defendieran las mismas propuestas renovadoras que los intelectuales, no llegaron a acordar inversiones ni a legislar en materia educativa. El resultado fue un progreso muy peque??o o la perpetuaci??n de las lacras pedag??gicas. Todav??a a la altura de 1923, una proporci??n importante de ni??os entre 6 y 12 a??os (el 37,3 por ciento) no acud??a a la escuela, y la plena alfabetizaci??n distaba mucho de conseguirse. El n??mero de escuelas se acrecent??, pero los centros incumpl??an las normas t??cnico-higi??nicas y la ratio maestro-alumno era muy desfavorable. Los maestros, poco cualificados, mal pagados y peor considerados, consiguieron, al menos, percibir puntualmente sus salarios. El fracaso global lo caus??, en especial, la actitud hip??crita de los pol??ticos, pero tambi??n la despreocupaci??n de toda la sociedad.. El objetivo propuesto por la ley de Claudio Moyano (1857) no se alcanz?? en t??rminos absolutos -plena alfabetizaci??n del sistema p??blico- ni en relativos -grado de escolarizaci??n, n??mero y calidad de las escuelas y formaci??n y retribuci??n del profesorado-, al menos en cifras significativas. La oligarqu??a sociopol??tica impidi?? la mejora de las estructuras pedag??gicas e, indirectamente, frustr?? el modelo de espa??ol culto y t??cnicamente cualificado que se integrara en una sociedad m??s democr??tica, culta y europe??sta..

Los medios de comunicación : de la información a la formación del profesorado : el caso de la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua en Ceuta.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Motivos de práctica de actividad físico-deportiva en adolescentes españoles : estudio AVENA.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Tiempos escolares y conciliación : análisis de familias con hijos en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (12-16 años)

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Spanish adaptation of the Green Paranoid Thought Scales

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Naturaleza, paisaje y sociedad en la experiencia viajera. Misioneros y naturalistas en América Andina durante el siglo XVIII

El presente trabajo se acerca a los relatos de viaje de un misionero y un naturalista que recorrieron la América Andina septentrional durante el siglo XVIII: fray Juan de Santa Gertrudis y don Miguel de Santisteban. Para ello, se propone explorar varias de las realidades culturales de los viajes, es decir las prácticas corporales, las ideas, la matrices cognitivas, las formas de escritura y las relaciones con el entorno y con el medio social. El objetivo general es comparar y hacer específicas dichas realidades en relación con la percepción de la naturaleza, la construcción del paisaje y las valoraciones de la sociedad, campos considerados como experiencias mutuamente influyentes. Los relatos de fray Joseph Palacios de la Vega y de Francisco José de Caldas son usados como fuentes complementarias para esta exploración. De esta forma, se logra rescatar la importancia de las herencias de la Antigüedad Clásica, del Judeocristianismo, del saber medieval escolástico y de la semejanza, de la perspectiva moderna de la Ilustración y del proyecto de la Historia Natural, como matrices culturales constitutivas de la experiencia viajera, no sólo en el momento de la escritura, sino en la motivación de los viajes, en el diseño de sus recorridos, en la relación de los viajeros con el entorno geoecológico y cultural, en los usos corporales y sensitivos que esto implica, y en la configuración de los textos que hoy se conocen como parte de la literatura de viajes.

The effect of doubled CO2 and model basic state biases on the monsoon-ENSO system. I: Mean response and interannual variability

The impact of doubled CO2 concentration on the Asian summer monsoon is studied using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Both the mean seasonal precipitation and interannual monsoon variability are found to increase in the future climate scenario presented. Systematic biases in current climate simulations of the coupled system prevent accurate representation of the monsoon-ENSO teleconnection, of prime importance for seasonal prediction and for determining monsoon interannual variability. By applying seasonally varying heat flux adjustments to the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean surface in the future climate simulation, some assessment can be made of the impact of systematic model biases on future climate predictions. In simulations where the flux adjustments are implemented, the response to climate change is magnified, with the suggestion that systematic biases may be masking the true impact of increased greenhouse gas forcing. The teleconnection between ENSO and the Asian summer monsoon remains robust in the future climate, although the Indo-Pacific takes on more of a biennial character for long periods of the flux-adjusted simulation. Assessing the teleconnection across interdecadal timescales shows wide variations in its amplitude, despite the absence of external forcing. This suggests that recent changes in the observed record cannot be distinguished from internal variations and as such are not necessarily related to climate change.

The impact of deformation strain on the formation of banded clouds in idealized modeling experiments

Experiments are performed using an idealized version of an operational forecast model to determine the impact on banded frontal clouds of the strength of deformational forcing, low-level baroclinicity, and model representation of convection. Line convection is initiated along the front, and slantwise bands extend from the top of the line-convection elements into the cold air. This banding is attributed primarily to M adjustment. The cross-frontal spreading of the cold pool generated by the line convection leads to further triggering of upright convection in the cold air that feeds into these slantwise bands. Secondary low-level bands form later in the simulations; these are attributed to the release of conditional symmetric instability. Enhanced deformation strain leads to earlier onset of convection and more coherent line convection. A stronger cold pool is generated, but its speed is reduced relative to that seen in experiments with weaker deformational strain, because of inhibition by the strain field. Enhanced low-level baroclinicity leads to the generation of more inertial instability by line convection (for a given capping height of convection), and consequently greater strength of the slantwise circulations formed by M adjustment. These conclusions are based on experiments without a convective-parametrization scheme. Experiments using the standard or a modified scheme for this model demonstrate known problems with the use of this scheme at the awkward 4 km grid length used in these simulations. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society

Activation of glutathione peroxidase via Nrf1 mediates genistein's protection against oxidative endothelial cell injury

Cellular actions of isoflavones may mediate the beneficial health effects associated with high soy consumption. We have investigated protection by genistein and daidzein against oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury. Genistein but not daidzein protected endothelial cells from damage induced by oxidative stress. This protection was accompanied by decreases in intracellular glutathione levels that could be explained by the generation of glutathionyl conjugates of the oxidised genistein metabolite, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone. Both isoflavones evoked increased protein expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-heavy subunit (gamma-GCS-HS) and increased cytosolic accumulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. However, only genistein led to increases in the cytosolic accumulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf1 and the increased expression of and activity of glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that genistein-induced protective effects depend primarily on the activation of glutathione peroxidase mediated by Nrf1 activation, and not on Nrf2 activation or increases in glutathione synthesis. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Neoglycolipid probes prepared via oxime ligation for microarray analysis of oligosaccharide-protein interactions

Neoglycolipid technology is the basis of a microarray platform for assigning oligosaccharide ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins. The strategy for generating the neoglycolipid probes by reductive amination results in ring opening of the core monosaccharides. This often limits applicability to short-chain saccharides, although the majority of recognition motifs are satisfactorily presented with neoglycolipids of longer oligosaccharides. Here, we describe neoglycolipids prepared by oxime ligation. We provide evidence from NMR studies that a significant proportion of the oxime-linked core monosaccharide is in the ring-closed form, and this form selectively interacts with a carbohydrate-binding protein. By microarray analyses we demonstrate the effective presentation with oxime-linked neoglycolipids of (1) Lewis(x) trisaccharide to antibodies to Lewisx, (2) sialyllactose analogs to the sialic acid-binding receptors, siglecs, and (3) N-glycans to a plant lectin that requires an intact N-acetylglucosamine core.

Effects of dietary fat modification on skeletal muscle fatty acid handling in the metabolic syndrome

Objective: In the metabolic syndrome (MetS), increased fat storage in ‘nonadipose’ tissues such as skeletal muscle may be related to insulin resistance (‘lipid overflow’ hypothesis). The objective of this study was to examine the effects of dietary fat modification on the capacity of skeletal muscle to handle dietary and endogenous fatty acids (FAs). Subjects and Methods: In total, 29 men with the MetS were randomly assigned to one of four diets for 12 weeks: a high-fat saturated fat diet (HSFA, n=6), a high-fat monounsaturated fat diet (HMUFA, n=7) and two low-fat high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with (LFHCCn−3, n=8) or without (LFHCC, n=8) 1.24 g per day docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling was examined by measuring arteriovenous concentration differences across the forearm muscle. [2H2]-palmitate was infused intravenously to label endogenous triacylglycerol (TAG) and free fatty acids in the circulation and subjects received a high-fat mixed meal (2.6 MJ, 61 energy% fat) containing [U-13C]-palmitate to label chylomicron-TAG. Results: Postprandial circulating TAG concentrations were significantly lower after dietary intervention in the LFHCCn−3 group compared to the HSFA group (ΔiAUC −139±67 vs 167±70 μmol l−1 min−1, P=0.009), together with decreased concentrations of [U-13C]-labeled TAG, representing dietary FA. Fasting TAG clearance across forearm muscle was decreased on the HSFA diet, whereas no differences were observed in postprandial forearm muscle FA handling between diets. Conclusion: Chronic manipulation of dietary fat quantity and quality did not affect forearm muscle FA handling in men with the MetS. Postprandial TAG concentrations decreased on the LFHCCn−3 diet, which could be (partly) explained by lower concentration of dietary FA in the circulation.

Conditional symmetric instability in sting-jet storms

Sting jets are transient mesoscale jets of air that descend from the tip of the cloud head towards the top of the boundary layer in severe extratropical cyclones and can lead to damaging surface wind gusts. This recently identified jet is distinct from the well-documented jets associated with the cold and warm conveyor belts. One mechanism proposed for their development is the release of conditional symmetric instability (CSI). Here the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of several CSI diagnostics in four severe storms are analysed. A sting jet has been identified in three of these storms; for comparison, we also analysed one storm that did not have a sting jet, even though it hadmany of the apparent features of sting-jet storms. The sting-jet storms are distinct from the non-sting-jet storms by having much greater andmore extensive conditional instability (CI) and CSI. CSI is released by ascending air parcels in the cloud head in two of the sting-jet storms and by descending air parcels in the other sting-jet storm. By contrast, only weak CI to ascending air parcels is present at the cloud-head tip in the non-sting-jet storm. CSI released by descending air parcels, as diagnosed by decaying downdraught slantwise convective available potential energy (DSCAPE), is collocated with the sting jets in all three sting-jet storms and has a localisedmaximum in two of them. Consistent evolutions of saturated moist potential vorticity are found.We conclude that CSI release has a role in the generation of the sting jet, that the sting jet may be driven by the release of instability to both ascending and descending parcels, and that DSCAPE could be used as a discriminating diagnostic for the sting jet based on these four case-studies.

Assessing and understanding the impact of stratospheric dynamics and variability on the earth system

Advances in weather and climate research have demonstrated the role of the stratosphere in the Earth system across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Stratospheric ozone loss has been identified as a key driver of Southern Hemisphere tropospheric circulation trends, affecting ocean currents and carbon uptake, sea ice, and possibly even the Antarctic ice sheets. Stratospheric variability has also been shown to affect short term and seasonal forecasts, connecting the tropics and midlatitudes and guiding storm track dynamics. The two-way interactions between the stratosphere and the Earth system have motivated the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP) Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC) DynVar activity to investigate the impact of stratospheric dynamics and variability on climate. This assessment will be made possible by two new multi-model datasets. First, roughly 10 models with a well resolved stratosphere are participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5), providing the first multi-model ensemble of climate simulations coupled from the stratopause to the sea floor. Second, the Stratosphere Historical Forecasting Project (SHFP) of WCRP's Climate Variability and predictability (CLIVAR) program is forming a multi-model set of seasonal hindcasts with stratosphere resolving models, revealing the impact of both stratospheric initial conditions and dynamics on intraseasonal prediction. The CMIP5 and SHFP model-data sets will offer an unprecedented opportunity to understand the role of the stratosphere in the natural and forced variability of the Earth system and to determine whether incorporating knowledge of the middle atmosphere improves seasonal forecasts and climate projections. Capsule New modeling efforts will provide unprecedented opportunities to harness our knowledge of the stratosphere to improve weather and climate prediction.