Multi-core structure of the main part of the Kuroshio at G-PN section in the East China Sea

Sectional velocity distribution of the East China Sea Kuroshio is one of the basic points in the study of the Kuroshio. Hydrographic temperature and salinity data at G-PN section in the East China Sea from June 1955 to November 2001 are collected and properly processed to calculate the geostrophic current using dynamic height method at the transect of the Kuroshio. After analysis of calculation results, the basic current structure of the Kuroshio in its main part is examined together with scalar estimate and characters of multi- core structure, and spacial-temporal variations of current cores' position. Main result shows that (1) single-core structure, double-core structure and multi-core structure are basic forms in axial part of the Kuroshio; (2) abvious temporal variations exist in current structure of the Kuroshio; (3) the current of structure of the Kuroshio has distinctly seasonal association. The number of current cores is on the high side of core numbers in average and multi-core stucture appears in fall mostly.

牙鲆和大黄鱼染色体组操作研究

紫外灭活牙鲆精子最适剂量为3772ergs/mm2，长时间紫外照射会造成牙鲆精子超微结构、存活率和活力的损伤。采用冷休克法和静水压法可成功抑制雌核发育牙鲆卵第二极体排放，诱导出雌核发育牙鲆子二代雌核发育。15℃培育水温条件下，冷休克法抑制雌核发育牙鲆卵子第二极体排放的最适条件为受精后5min，0-1℃ 水温下处理45 min；静水压法制雌核发育牙鲆卵子第二极体排放的最适条件为受精后5min，480 kg/cm2压力水平处理5min。采用温度休克法和静水压法都可成功诱导出牙鲆同质雌核发育二倍体。15℃培育水温条件下，冷休克法诱导牙鲆同质雌核发育的最适条件为受精后85min，1-2℃ 水温下处理45 min；静水压法诱导牙鲆同质雌核发育最适处理参数为受精后85min，600 kg/cm2压力水平处理6min。采用冷休克法和静水压法都成功诱导出大黄鱼三倍体。冷休克法适合诱导条件为20℃培育水温下授精后3min, 在3-4℃海水中处理8-10min；静水压法适合诱导条件为同样培育水温下授精后3min，在静水压450kg/cm2下处理3min。孵化后120d大黄鱼三倍体和对照组全长的增长上没有明显差异；体重则明显大于二倍体。

海北高寒草甸地区能量平衡特征

以微气候观测为基础，研究晴天状况下海北高寒草甸地区净辐射通量、土壤热通量、感热通量和潜热通量变化等特征。结果表明：（1）该地区总辐射的水平较高，2000年4～10月达4227.049W·m~(-1)，地表反射率在4～10月平均为0.23，在植物生长盛期的5～9月为0.22。（2）正向净辐射约占天空总辐射的56%左右；一日间土壤热通量、感热通量和潜热通量所占净辐射通量的比例在不同季节变化差异较大，在所选择的6月到9月的4个晴天个例状况平均分别所占的比例为28.6%、68.0%和3.4%，表现出潜热通量在净辐射能量的分配中所占比例较大，感热通量次之，土壤热通量则很小。（3）各通量所通过零点的时间基本一致，一般在日出后的7：00和日落前的19：00。

Potential refugium on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau revealed by the chloroplast DNA phylogeography of the alpine species Metagentiana striata (Gentianaceae)

Metagentiana striata is an alpine annual herbaceous plant endemic to the east of the Qinghai-Tibet (Q-T) Plateau and adjacent areas. The phylogeography of M. striata was studied by sequencing the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) trnS-trnG intergenic spacer. Ten haplotypes were identified from an investigation of 232 individuals of M. striata from 14 populations covering the entire geographical range of this species. The level of differentiation amongst populations was very high (G(ST) = 0.746; N-ST = 0.774) and a significant phylogeographical structure was observed (P < 0.05). An analysis of molecular variance found a high variation amongst populations (76%), with F-ST = 0.762 (highly significant, P < 0.001), indicating that little gene flow occurred amongst the different regions; this was explained by the isolation of populations by high mountains along the Q-T Plateau and adjacent areas (N-m = 0.156). Only one ancestral haplotype (A) was common and widespread throughout the distributional range of M. striata. The populations of the Hengduan Mountains region of the south-eastern Q-T Plateau showed high diversity and uniqueness of haplotypes. It is suggested that this region was the potential refugium of M. striata during the Quaternary glaciation, and that interglacial and postglacial range expansion occurred from this refugium. This scenario was in good agreement with the results of nested clade analysis, which inferred that the current spatial distribution of cpDNA haplotypes and populations resulted from range expansion, together with past allopatric fragmentation events. (c) 2008 The Linnean Society of London.

基于传感器的模糊参数自整定柔性关节抑制震动的研究

本文以谐波驱动系统为例分析了柔性关节机械手的动力学特性，通过电机端和负载端PD控制结合负载端的加速度反馈控制，并采用模糊参数自整定方法，能有效的抑制负载端的振动，通过几种方法的仿真结果比较表明，提出的方法是有效的。

企业库存管理系统的开发

本文讨论了软件工程学理论在大型软件系统的开发中所起的指导作用。作者于一九八七年七月至一九八九年四月参加了鞍钢线材股份有限公司计算机管理信息系统的开发工作，本文所介绍的库管理系统是其中的一个子系统。作者认为，只要在软件生存周期的各个阶段都能以软件工程理论及其它相关学科理论为指导，就有可能开发出高质量的软件产品。

Special Educational Needs in Wales

Special Educational Needs in Wales (with K Williams and B Rainey), (2004) 3 Wales Journal of Law and Policy 17-33. RAE2008

Pioneering in the Congo. by John McKendree Springer ...

http://www.archive.org/details/pioneeringincong00spririch

Consistency of financial interest disclosures in the biomedical literature: the case of coronary stents.

BACKGROUND: Disclosure of authors' financial interests has been proposed as a strategy for protecting the integrity of the biomedical literature. We examined whether authors' financial interests were disclosed consistently in articles on coronary stents published in 2006. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We searched PubMed for English-language articles published in 2006 that provided evidence or guidance regarding the use of coronary artery stents. We recorded article characteristics, including information about authors' financial disclosures. The main outcome measures were the prevalence, nature, and consistency of financial disclosures. There were 746 articles, 2985 authors, and 135 journals in the database. Eighty-three percent of the articles did not contain disclosure statements for any author (including declarations of no interests). Only 6% of authors had an article with a disclosure statement. In comparisons between articles by the same author, the types of disagreement were as follows: no disclosure statements vs declarations of no interests (64%); specific disclosures vs no disclosure statements (34%); and specific disclosures vs declarations of no interests (2%). Among the 75 authors who disclosed at least 1 relationship with an organization, there were 2 cases (3%) in which the organization was disclosed in every article the author wrote. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In the rare instances when financial interests were disclosed, they were not disclosed consistently, suggesting that there are problems with transparency in an area of the literature that has important implications for patient care. Our findings suggest that the inconsistencies we observed are due to both the policies of journals and the behavior of some authors.

Peace and war: trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms before, during, and after military deployment in Afghanistan.

In the study reported here, we examined posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 746 Danish soldiers measured on five occasions before, during, and after deployment to Afghanistan. Using latent class growth analysis, we identified six trajectories of change in PTSD symptoms. Two resilient trajectories had low levels across all five times, and a new-onset trajectory started low and showed a marked increase of PTSD symptoms. Three temporary-benefit trajectories, not previously described in the literature, showed decreases in PTSD symptoms during (or immediately after) deployment, followed by increases after return from deployment. Predeployment emotional problems and predeployment traumas, especially childhood adversities, were predictors for inclusion in the nonresilient trajectories, whereas deployment-related stress was not. These findings challenge standard views of PTSD in two ways. First, they show that factors other than immediately preceding stressors are critical for PTSD development, with childhood adversities being central. Second, they demonstrate that the development of PTSD symptoms shows heterogeneity, which indicates the need for multiple measurements to understand PTSD and identify people in need of treatment.

8-OH-DPAT inhibits both prandial and waterspray-induced grooming

The effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment on rat grooming behaviour, elicited either prandially or in response to spraying with water were investigated. Dose (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) response studies employed momentary time sampling over 30 or 60 min with behaviour being scored in one of 6 or 7 (depending on food availability) mutually exclusive categories (feeding, active, scratching, face-grooming, body grooming, genital-grooming and resting) at 15 s intervals. In non-deprived rats, tested with wet mash available, feeding and activity frequencies were increased, but resting and total grooming were inhibited by 8-OH-DPAT. Face-, body- and genital-grooming occurred at higher levels than scratching, but all categories were reduced with reductions in scratching occurring at a lower dose (0.01 mg/kg). Misting rats with a fine water spray selectively increased body grooming and decreased activity without altering feeding, while 8-OH-DPAT increased feeding and reduced face-, body- and genital-grooming, without affecting already low levels of scratching. In misted rats, tested without food, 8-OH-DPAT reduced face-, body- and genital-grooming and increased resting. These results confirm i) that the water spray technique is a useful method for increasing grooming and ii) that 8-OH-DPAT has a suppressant effect on grooming independent of response competition from enhanced feeding.

Inhibition of prandial and waterspray-induced rat grooming by 8-OH-DPAT

The effects of 8-OH-DPAT treatment on rat grooming behaviour, elicited either prandially or in response to spraying with water were investigated. Dose (≤0.1 mg/kg s.c.) response studies employed momentary time sampling over 30 or 60 min with behaviour being scored in one of 6 or 7 (depending on food availability) mutually exclusive categories (feeding, active, scratching, face-grooming, body grooming, genital-grooming and resting) at 15 s intervals. In non-deprived rats, tested with wet mash available, feeding and activity frequencies were increased, but resting and total grooming were inhibited by 8-OH-DPAT. Face-, body- and genital-grooming occurred at higher levels than scratching, but all categories were reduced with reductions in scratching occurring at a lower dose (0.01 mg/kg). Misting rats with a fine water spray selectively increased body grooming and decreased activity without altering feeding, while 8-OH-DPAT increased feeding and reduced face-, body- and genital-grooming, without affecting already low levels of scratching. In misted rats, tested without food, 8-OH-DPAT reduced face-, body- and genital-grooming and increased resting. These results confirm i) that the water spray technique is a useful method for increasing grooming and ii) that 8-OH-DPAT has a suppressant effect on grooming independent of response competition from enhanced feeding.