Influence des habitudes alimentaires sur la morbidité chez 645 patients obèses d'une consultation spécialisée. [Effect of eating habits on morbidity in 645 patients at a specialized clinic].

Among 645 obese patients examined at an out-patient clinic for obese patients by physical examination and a computerized questionnaire, two subgroups of patients could be identified according to their nutritional preferences: 177 patients preferred carbohydrates exclusively (group A) and 73 patients fat exclusively (group B). No definite preferences were formulated by the other patients. Among patients under 25 years, only 3 belonged to group B and 49 to group A, while in older patients no significant differences were found. Among patients with BMI less than 30, there were significantly fewer patients from group B than from group A (p = 0.006), while in patients with BMI greater than 30 no significant difference was observed. There were significantly more men in group B than in group A. 57% of the patients of group B complained of physical symptoms related to their obesity, compared to 37% in group A (p = 0.006). 26% of group B suffered from joints and muscles compared to 13% of group A (p = 0.003). Hyperglycemia (greater than 5,6 mmol/l) was found in 21% of group A and in 40% of group B (p less than 0.005). Hypercholesterolemia (greater than 6.5 mmol/l) was found in 20% of group A and in 32% of group B (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, obese patients who prefer fat have more general symptoms related to obesity, more abnormal physical signs, and more frequently have hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia than patients who prefer carbohydrates.

Effect of manganese chloride on the neurochemical profile of the rat hypothalamus.

Manganese (Mn(2+))-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging studies of the neuronal pathways of the hypothalamus showed that information about the regulation of food intake and energy balance circulate through specific hypothalamic nuclei. The dehydration-induced anorexia (DIA) model demonstrated to be appropriate for studying the hypothalamus with Mn(2+)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Manganese is involved in the normal functioning of a variety of physiological processes and is associated with enzymes contributing to neurotransmitter synthesis and metabolism. It also induces psychiatric and motor disturbances. The molecular mechanisms by which Mn(2+) produces alterations of the hypothalamic physiological processes are not well understood. (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements of the rodent hypothalamus are challenging due to the distant location of the hypothalamus resulting in limited measurement sensitivity. The present study proposed to investigate the effects of Mn(2+) on the neurochemical profile of the hypothalamus in normal, DIA, and overnight fasted female rats at 14.1 T. Results provide evidence that γ-aminobutyric acid has an essential role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in the hypothalamus but is not condition specific. On the contrary, glutamine, glutamate, and taurine appear to respond more accurately to Mn(2+) exposure. An increase in glutamine levels could also be a characteristic response of the hypothalamus to DIA.

Effect of refuge supplement on Audouin's gull chick survival

One of the main threats to Audouin´s gull (Larus audouinii) at Chafarinas Islands is predation on eggs and chicks by the yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans). During the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons we tested the effects of supplementary refuge availability on chick survival. Well before the laying period, nine adjacent enclosures were erected inside Audouin´s gull´s breeding grounds and some of them were supplied with artificial refuges. Our results showed significantly greater chick survival in the enclosures with artificial refuges than in control ones. In 2000, an overall lower breeding success of Audouin´s gull and a dilution of the refuge effect were observed. These results were probably related to food-shortage that year. We suggest that, along with other factors, an increase in refuge availability may significantly enhance Audouin´s gull chick survival.

Effect of milk coagulation properties of herd bulk milks on yield and composition of Emmental cheese

Selostus: Tankkimaidon juoksettumisominaisuuksien vaikutus Emmental-juuston määrään ja koostumukseen

The effect of ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate on reducing radiocaesium transfer from grass silage to sheep

Selostus: [sup 134]Cs-aktiivisuuspitoisuuden vähentäminen ferriheksasyanoferraatin avulla

Effect of feeding level and diet type on the performance of crossbred suckler cows and their calves

Selostus: Ureoidun oljen soveltuvuus risteytysemojen talviruokintaan kahdella eri ruokintatasolla

Effect of soil interacting herbicides on soybean nodulation in Balcarce, Argentina

Two trials were performed in Balcarce, Argentina (37° 45' LS; 58° 18' LW) during 1993-94, to assess the effect of eight herbicides applied individually or in tank mixtures, on nodule number, nodule dry weight, seed yield and N percent in seed in soybean Asgrow 3205, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum CB 1809. Individual herbicides and doses in kg ha-1 of a.i. were metribuzin (0.48), acetochlor (0.90), metolachlor (1), flumioxazin (0.075), trifluralin (0.96), imazaquin (0.20), imazethapyr (0.10) and chlorimuron ethyl (0.0125). The mixtures were metribuzin+acetochlor (0.48+0.9), flumioxazin+acetochlor (0.075+0.9), imazaquin+acetochlor (0.2+0.9), metribuzin+metolachlor (0.48+1.92), and flumioxazin+ metolachlor (0.075+1.92). A control treatment without herbicides was included. Both trials were laid out as randomized complete blocks with four replicates, on a loam illitic thermic petrocalcic Paleudoll, 5.7% organic matter (OM), 25% clay, 30.4 cmol kg-1 CEC. Nodules were sampled at V2 (second node), V6 (sixth node) and R5 (beginning seed) growth stages. Herbicides did not significantly affect the beginning of nodulation or nodule number and mass at R5, not either grain yield or N accumulation. This indicates lack of interference between soil interacting herbicides and N fixation in the high organic matter, loam soils of SE Buenos Aires province, even though a tendency in less number and dry weight of nodules was evident at the two latter growth stages.

Contributions of fat and protein to the incretin effect of a mixed meal.

Background: The relative contributions of fat and protein to the incretin effect are still largely unknown.Objective: This study assessed the incretin effects elicited by a mixed meal, and by its fat and protein components alone, with the use of a hyperglycemic clamp combined with oral nutrients.Design: Eight healthy volunteers were studied over 6 h after ingestion of a sandwich containing 1) dried meat, butter, and white bread; 2) dried meat alone; 3) butter alone; or 4) no meal (fasting control). Meals were ingested during a hyperglycemic clamp, and the incretin effect was calculated as the increment in plasma insulin after food intake relative to the concentrations observed during the control study.Results: A significant augmentation of postprandial insulin secretion, independent of plasma glycemia, occurred after ingestion of the mixed nutrients and the lipid component of the mixed meal (203 +/- 20.7% and 167.4 +/- 22.9% of control, respectively; both P < 0.05), whereas the protein component did not induce a significant incretin effect (129.0 +/- 7.9% of control; P = 0.6)Conclusions: Fat ingestion, in an amount typical of a standard meal, increases insulin secretion during physiologic hyperglycemia and thus contributes to the incretin effect. In contrast, ingestion of protein typical of normal meals does not contribute to the augmentation of postprandial insulin secretion. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00869453.

The effect of storage ageing and spring sprouting of seed tubers on the yield of three potato varieties in the Finnish Lapland : Research Note

Selostus: Siemenmukuloiden varastointiaikaisen lämpökäsittelyn ja kevätidätyksen vaikutus kolmen perunalajikkeen satoon Lapissa

Effect of harvest time on storage loss and sprouting in onion

Selostus: Sadonkorjuuajan vaikutus sipulin varastohävikkiin ja varastoinnin jälkeiseen versomiseen

Effect of annually repeated undersowing on cereal grain yields

Selostus: Aluskasveja voi käyttää toistuvasti viljan viljelyssä

Effect of two microbial phytase preparations on phosphorus utilisation in broilers fed maize-soybean meal based diets

Selostus: Fytaasientsyymilisäyksen vaikutus fosforin hyväksikäyttöön maissi-soijarouhepohjaisessa broilerrehussa