963 resultados para problema de controle


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A estratégia do Tratamento Diretamente Observado de Curta Duração para o controle da tuberculose (DOTS) tem sido usada por vários países do mundo especificamente pelos 22 mais afetados pela doença, que contribuem com cerca de 80% de casos, porém, apesar da estratégia demonstrar a redução de casos e aumentar a adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento, e ter sido implementada em Moçambique desde a década de 1980, a doença continua a ser um problema grave de saúde pública no país. Este estudo tem como objetivo central: analisar a transferência da política do DOTS a partir da visão dos gestores centrais, provinciais e distritais, e profissionais de saúde da província de Nampula. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que usa a Análise de Discurso de matriz francesa como seu referencial teórico metodológico que busca a compreensão dos sentidos a partir das condições da produção. Participaram deste estudo 15 profissionais de saúde que ocupavam as posições de gestores, médicos e profissionais de enfermagem e/ou técnicos, e atuavam no Programa nacional de controle de Tuberculose em Moçambique com o mínimo de um ano de experiência, nos meses de maio a agosto de 2014, nos níveis central, provincial (Nampula), e distrital (em oito distritos da província de Nampula). Para a coleta de dados usou-se um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturado que permitiu explorar os sentidos produzidos. O corpus em análise foi constituído a partir das entrevistas transcritas. Para o auxílio da organização dos dados usou-se o sofware Atlis.ti versão 6. Este estudo teve a aprovação da Comissão Nacional de Bioética e da autorização do Ministro da Saúde de Moçambique. Para a análise dos dados foram identificados quatro blocos discursivos: experiências adotadas na implementação e manutenção do DOTS; estratégias adotadas na implementação e manutenção de DOTS; potencialidades, fragilidades de DOTS no controle da tuberculose e; discursos não buscados pelo roteiro: possíveis soluções. Os sentidos produzidos enfatizam dizeres inscritos em formações discursivas que desconsideram a subjetividade do enfermo; de fragilidades do sistema de saúde, falta de recursos humanos, falta de transporte, baixos salários, insuficiência de laboratórios, distâncias longas entre a moradia do paciente e a unidade sanitária. Ainda os entrevistados entendem como potencialidade a participação dos agentes comunitários e da família no tratamento da doença. Conclui-se que para o controle da tuberculose usando a estratégia DOTS o compromisso do governo deve ser pragmático traduzindo-se em ações concretas como o aumento do financiamento das ações de controle de tuberculose, incluindo as pesquisas, formação dos recursos humanos e, sobretudo, atuar sobre os determinantes socias da saúde

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Launching centers are designed for scientific and commercial activities with aerospace vehicles. Rockets Tracking Systems (RTS) are part of the infrastructure of these centers and they are responsible for collecting and processing the data trajectory of vehicles. Generally, Parabolic Reflector Radars (PRRs) are used in RTS. However, it is possible to use radars with antenna arrays, or Phased Arrays (PAs), so called Phased Arrays Radars (PARs). Thus, the excitation signal of each radiating element of the array can be adjusted to perform electronic control of the radiation pattern in order to improve functionality and maintenance of the system. Therefore, in the implementation and reuse projects of PARs, modeling is subject to various combinations of excitation signals, producing a complex optimization problem due to the large number of available solutions. In this case, it is possible to use offline optimization methods, such as Genetic Algorithms (GAs), to calculate the problem solutions, which are stored for online applications. Hence, the Genetic Algorithm with Maximum-Minimum Crossover (GAMMC) optimization method was used to develop the GAMMC-P algorithm that optimizes the modeling step of radiation pattern control from planar PAs. Compared with a conventional crossover GA, the GAMMC has a different approach from the conventional one, because it performs the crossover of the fittest individuals with the least fit individuals in order to enhance the genetic diversity. Thus, the GAMMC prevents premature convergence, increases population fitness and reduces the processing time. Therefore, the GAMMC-P uses a reconfigurable algorithm with multiple objectives, different coding and genetic operator MMC. The test results show that GAMMC-P reached the proposed requirements for different operating conditions of a planar RAV.

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In control loops valve stiction is a very common problem. Generally, it is one of main causes of poor performance of industrial systems. Its most commonly observed effect is oscillation in the process variables. To circumvent the undesirable effects, friction compensators have been proposed in order to reduce the variability in the output. This work analyzes the friction compensation in pneumatic control valves by using feedback linearization technique. The valve model includes both dead zone and jump. Simulations show that the use of this more complete model results in controllers with superior performance. The method is also compared through simulations with the method known as Constant Reinforcement (CR), widely used in this problem.

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The State and Public Administration have gone through several reforms in search of a quick operation and the provision of services with quality. With the democratization of the country and the issue of the Constitution in 1988, further reform of the State and Public Administration, joined the government agenda in 1995 and included among its objectives, the principles of participation and social control. In view of this, it raises the Public Ombudsman in order to be a channel for the participation of users in the management of public affairs, social control, transparency of administrative actions, improving the quality of service and meeting the needs of the community. The aim of this study is to assess whether the Ombudsman of the State Department of Public Health to contribute to the period 2006-2008, for the improvement of specialized consulting services. The research is characterized as descriptive, qualitative approach. The collection technique used was the interview, conducted with 37 service users and two servants of the Ombudsman. The analysis was developed based on the perception of users and servers in the opinion of the Ombudsman. The most relevant results of the research showed that 41% of users search the Ombudsman because they believed that solve the problem presented. However, even with this level of public acceptance, the Ombudsman reached average index of resolvability of 53% in the period. In his role has not developed mechanisms for quality control of services, which is mentioned by 67% of users. It turned out the same fact in relation to popular participation, which is confirmed by 84% of users. For 24% of users, the problems raised were resolved, and of these, 56% believe that the Ombudsman has contributed to the positive outcome. As a result of the search results, it appears that the Ombudsman's SESPA / PA, is not fulfilling its role to ensuring the democratization of articipation in management, social control and has limited contribution to solving the problems of users and to improve the quality of services

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, 2015.

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The State and Public Administration have gone through several reforms in search of a quick operation and the provision of services with quality. With the democratization of the country and the issue of the Constitution in 1988, further reform of the State and Public Administration, joined the government agenda in 1995 and included among its objectives, the principles of participation and social control. In view of this, it raises the Public Ombudsman in order to be a channel for the participation of users in the management of public affairs, social control, transparency of administrative actions, improving the quality of service and meeting the needs of the community. The aim of this study is to assess whether the Ombudsman of the State Department of Public Health to contribute to the period 2006-2008, for the improvement of specialized consulting services. The research is characterized as descriptive, qualitative approach. The collection technique used was the interview, conducted with 37 service users and two servants of the Ombudsman. The analysis was developed based on the perception of users and servers in the opinion of the Ombudsman. The most relevant results of the research showed that 41% of users search the Ombudsman because they believed that solve the problem presented. However, even with this level of public acceptance, the Ombudsman reached average index of resolvability of 53% in the period. In his role has not developed mechanisms for quality control of services, which is mentioned by 67% of users. It turned out the same fact in relation to popular participation, which is confirmed by 84% of users. For 24% of users, the problems raised were resolved, and of these, 56% believe that the Ombudsman has contributed to the positive outcome. As a result of the search results, it appears that the Ombudsman's SESPA / PA, is not fulfilling its role to ensuring the democratization of articipation in management, social control and has limited contribution to solving the problems of users and to improve the quality of services

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

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O núcleo urbano de Belmonte localizado no litoral Sul do estado da Bahia se desenvolveu em 1764, a partir do porto fluvial no rio Jequitinhonha. As cheias do rio eram muito comuns entre os meses de dezembro e fevereiro e o risco de inundações sempre foi por muito tempo um problema para os gestores municipais, diante da ameaça à população com perda de residências e de parte da cidade pelas enxurradas. Desta maneira este trabalho teve por objetivo mapear as transformações ocorridas no canal do rio Jequitinhonha após a intervenção na sua calha, com a abertura e desvio do canal, em 1989. Adotou-se para o mapeamento as fotografias aéreas verticais de 1960, 1965 e 1974 na escala de 1: 25.000 e a imagem de satélite CBERS – 2, de 2005 com o trabalho de campo realizado entre 2005 e 2007. O desvio do canal do rio contribuiu para que Belmonte ficasse protegida das cheias dos anos subseqüentes. Por outro lado, alterou a morfologia do canal do rio, com diferentes formas deposicionais, com o adensamento de ilhas fluviais a oeste da cidade e com o assoreamento e estreitamento do antigo leito do rio, transformado em canal secundário, colmatado.

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Este artículo presenta un panorama del hambre en el mundo, debate la cuestión bajo el aspecto de biopolítica –políticas de control de la vida–, y estimula el debate sobre la utilización del hambre como arma política y económica. Destaca la urgente necesidad de políticas públicas que garanticen el derecho humano básico a la alimentación con la la producción de alimentos, la definición de la utilización de la bioenergía y la generación de ingresos para la población más pobre. Este artigo apresenta um cenário da fome no mundo, levantando o problema sob o foco das biopolíticas – políticas de controle da vida –, e estimula o debate sobre a utilização da fome como instrumento político e econômico. Aponta para a urgência de políticas públicas que assegurem o direito humano básico à alimentação, envolvendo, para isso, a produção de alimentos, a definição do uso de bioenergia e a geração de renda para a população mais pobre.

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Autonomous navigation and locomotion of a mobile robot in natural environments remain a rather open issue. Several functionalities are required to complete the usual perception/decision/action cycle. They can be divided in two main categories : navigation (perception and decision about the movement) and locomotion (movement execution). In order to be able to face the large range of possible situations in natural environments, it is essential to make use of various kinds of complementary functionalities, defining various navigation and locomotion modes. Indeed, a number of navigation and locomotion approaches have been proposed in the literature for the last years, but none can pretend being able to achieve autonomous navigation and locomotion in every situation. Thus, it seems relevant to endow an outdoor mobile robot with several complementary navigation and locomotion modes. Accordingly, the robot must also have means to select the most appropriate mode to apply. This thesis proposes the development of such a navigation/locomotion mode selection system, based on two types of data: an observation of the context to determine in what kind of situation the robot has to achieve its movement and an evaluation of the behavior of the current mode, made by monitors which influence the transitions towards other modes when the behavior of the current one is considered as non satisfying. Hence, this document introduces a probabilistic framework for the estimation of the mode to be applied, some navigation and locomotion modes used, a qualitative terrain representation method (based on the evaluation of a difficulty computed from the placement of the robot's structure on a digital elevation map), and monitors that check the behavior of the modes used (evaluation of rolling locomotion efficiency, robot's attitude and configuration watching. . .). Some experimental results obtained with those elements integrated on board two different outdoor robots are presented and discussed.

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This paper sets out to contribute to the literature on the design and the implementation of management control systems. To this end, we question what is discussed when a management control system is to be chosen and on what decision-making eventually rests. This study rests upon an ethnomethodology of the Salvation Army’s French branch. Operating in the dual capacity of a researcher and a counsellor to management, between 2000 and 2007, we have unrestricted access to internal data revealing the backstage of management control: discussions and interactions surrounding the choosing of control devices. We contribute to understanding the arising of a need for control, the steps and process followed to decide upon a management control system, and controls in nonprofits. [Cet article vise à contribuer à la littérature sur la mise en place des systèmes de contrôle de gestion. À cette fin, nous questionnons ce qui est discuté lors du choix d’un système de contrôle et sur quoi repose in fine la décision. Cet article est fondé sur une approche ethnométhodologique de l’Armée du Salut en France permise par notre double qualité de chercheurs mais également de conseiller auprès de la direction de l’organisation entre 2000 et 2007. Un accès illimité à des données internes nous permet ainsi de mettre en lumière les aspects méconnus et invisibles du contrôle de gestion : les discussions et interactions entourant le choix d’outils. Nous contribuons à la compréhension de l’émergence du besoin de contrôle, des étapes et du processus de choix d’outils et enfin du contrôle de gestion dans une organisation à but non lucratif.]

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Resumen: Esta parte del artículo repasa las principales teorías modernas sobre el innatismo, analizando sus puntos fuertes y débiles a partir de la teoría rosminiana de la presencia innata de la idea de ser. Se subraya la simplicidad de esta teoría, lo que le confiere un elevado carácter explicativo, en contraste con los dificultades que suscitan las filosofías de Descartes, Locke, Leibniz, Malebranche y Kant.

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¿Qué es mejor: el gobierno de la ley o el gobierno de los hombres? La cuestión es, a la vez, política y jurídica. Desde el punto de vista político, consiste en determinar si, en esas raras ocasiones en las que accede al poder un hombre excepcionalmente dotado para la conducción del Estado, conviene o no restringir su libertad de decisión por medio de leyes. Allí donde concurran en el mismo individuo la más alta aptitud política y la personalidad carismática para liderar a sus conciudadanos: ¿debe estar subordinado a la ley o más bien conviene dejar que sea él mismo quien cree la ley mediante su acción ejemplar? En el ámbito jurídico, se presenta una tensión problemática de signo análogo, que ha sido identificada como una “aporía empírica del Derecho”, cuyos términos son los siguientes: o bien organizar la vida social mediante leyes, generales y abstractas, en detrimento de lo singular; o bien dejar librada la última decisión de los asuntos jurídicos a la prudencia de hombres investidos de la autoridad para administrar justicia y resolver las controversias que se produzcan en el marco de la vida social. El problema fue planteado –y resuelto– por primera vez en la historia de las ideas por Platón y Aristóteles. El propósito de este estudio es examinar el tratamiento de la cuestión y las respectivas soluciones, tal como aparecen en las obras de los dos grandes maestros y fundadores de la filosofía política y jurídica occidental. Empero, es menester aclarar que si bien el trabajo trata innegablemente sobre Platón y Aristóteles, no pretende ser una contribución original al conocimiento de su pensamiento. Nuestra aspiración es, más bien, contribuir con el aporte de los dos magnos filósofos griegos al debate actual sobre el gobierno de la ley, el llamado “Rule of Law” o el Estado de Derecho...

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Una atenta lectura del “Título Preliminar” del Anteproyecto del Código Civil y Comercial y sus Fundamentos presentado por la Comisión integrada por los Dres. Ricardo Lorenzetti, Elena Highton de Nolasco y Aída Kemelmajer de Carlucci, en cumplimiento del Decreto presidencial Nº 191/2011, muestra una cuestión relevante para la Teoría general del derecho desde el punto de vista ius-filosófico: que tal reforma integral colocará a nuestro ordenamiento jurídico privado en la vía de la llamada “constitucionalización del derecho”...