Analisi di tecniche per l'estrazione di informazioni da documenti testuali e non strutturati

Obiettivo di questa tesi dal titolo “Analisi di tecniche per l’estrazione di informazioni da documenti testuali e non strutturati” è quello di mostrare tecniche e metodologie informatiche che permettano di ricavare informazioni e conoscenza da dati in formato testuale. Gli argomenti trattati includono l'analisi di software per l'estrazione di informazioni, il web semantico, l'importanza dei dati e in particolare i Big Data, Open Data e Linked Data. Si parlerà inoltre di data mining e text mining.

Smart Mobility: integrazione di crowdsourcing e opendata per percorsi multimodali e personalizzati.

Lo scopo che questa tesi ha è di inserirsi nell’ambito della Smart Mobility, in particolare nell'ambito dell’accessibilità urbana. Obiettivo primario è di offrire un software capace di adattarsi alle capacità dell’utente nel muoversi nell’ambiente urbano, in particolare riguardo alle barriere architettoniche che lo ostacolano. Quello che il programma deve fare è offrire percorsi per l’utente, personalizzati rispetto alle sue richieste. Affinché sia possibile tutto ciò, sono necessarie delle fondamenta, nella fattispecie una fonte di dati geografici e uno strumento che permetta di ricercare percorsi da essi e di essere modificato per includere le modifiche volute. La fonte di dati geografici scelta è stata OpenStreetMap, un progetto di crowdsourcing che punta a creare una mappa globale completamente accessibile fino al suo livello più basso e utilizzabile da chiunque, purché sia rispettata la sua licenza. Da questa scelta, derivano i software utilizzabili per calcolare i percorsi: la tesi ne esplorerà in particolare due GraphHopper e OpenTripPlanner, entrambi progetti open source. L’ultimo, ma non meno importante, scopo della tesi è effettivamente implementare un algoritmo di routing capace di considerare le preferenze degli utenti. Queste preferenze, infatti, non devono solo permettere di escludere percorsi con una barriera/architettonica cui l’utente non può accedere, ma anche di favorire percorsi con le facility che l’utente preferisce e di sfavorire quelli con facility che l’utente non preferisce.

Tecnologie informatiche per la gestione efficace ed efficiente di librerie digitali

Questa tesi presenta una rassegna delle principali tecnologie informatiche per la gestione efficace ed efficiente delle librerie digitali. Viene posto l'accento sull'analisi comparativa delle tecnologie e dei modelli di rappresentazione del dato bibliografico presenti allo stato dell'arte.

Creating a public tool to assess and promote transparency in global land deals: the experience of the Land Matrix

The Beta version of the Land Matrix (Land Matrix 2012) was launched in April 2012 as a tool to promote public participation in building a constantly evolving database on large-scale land deals, and making the data visible and understandable. The aim of the Land Matrix partnership is to promote transparency and open data in decisionmaking over land and investment, as a step towards greater accountability. Since its launch, the Land Matrix has attracted a high degree of attention, and stirred some controversy. It provides valuable lessons on the challenges and benefits of promoting open data on practices that are often shrouded in secrecy. This paper critically examines the ongoing efforts by the Land Matrix partnership to build a public tool to promote greater transparency in decision-making over land and investment at a global level. It intends to provoke discussion of the extent to which such a tool can ultimately promote greater transparency and be a step towards greater accountability and improved decision-making. It will present the Land Matrix and its value addition, before detailing the challenges it encountered related to the measurement of the largescale land acquisition phenomenon. It will then specify how it intends to address these issues in order to establish a dynamic and participatory tool for open development.

REST-based sensor networks with OData

RESTful services gained a lot of attention recently, even in the enterprise world, which is traditionally more web-service centric. Data centric RESfFul services, as previously mainly known in web environments, established themselves as a second paradigm complementing functional WSDL-based SOA. In the Internet of Things, and in particular when talking about sensor motes, the Constraint Application Protocol (CoAP) is currently in the focus of both research and industry. In the enterprise world a protocol called OData (Open Data Protocol) is becoming the future RESTful data access standard. To integrate sensor motes seamlessly into enterprise networks, an embedded OData implementation on top of CoAP is desirable, not requiring an intermediary gateway device. In this paper we introduce and evaluate an embedded OData implementation. We evaluate the OData protocol in terms of performance and energy consumption, considering different data encodings, and compare it to a pure CoAP implementation. We were able to demonstrate that the additional resources needed for an OData/JSON implementation are reasonable when aiming for enterprise interoperability, where OData is suggested to solve both the semantic and technical interoperability problems we have today when connecting systems

アジア経済研究所図書館所蔵の統計資料コレクションと開発途上地域の統計事情 : 連載「新興地域の統計事情」を始めるにあたって

アジア経済研究所図書館では，50年以上にわたって開発地域の統計資料を網羅的に収集してきた。本稿では，これら資料の収集方法，コレクションの特色，整備・提供方法を説明するとともに，これまでの蔵書構築等を通じて把握してきた開発途上地域の公式統計の整備・公開状況と最近の動向について報告する。また，国際機関による国際比較統計の編纂状況と近年のオープン・データ政策について簡単に概説する。参考資料として主要な国際機関の統計情報一覧と調べ方ガイドを掲載する。

DBpedia spotlight: shedding light on the web of documents

Interlinking text documents with Linked Open Data enables the Web of Data to be used as background knowledge within document-oriented applications such as search and faceted browsing. As a step towards interconnecting the Web of Documents with the Web of Data, we developed DBpedia Spotlight, a system for automatically annotating text documents with DBpedia URIs. DBpedia Spotlight allows users to congure the annotations to their specic needs through the DBpedia Ontology and quality measures such as prominence, topical pertinence, contextual ambiguity and disambiguation condence. We compare our approach with the state of the art in disambiguation, and evaluate our results in light of three baselines and six publicly available annotation systems, demonstrating the competitiveness of our system. DBpedia Spotlight is shared as open source and deployed as a Web Service freely available for public use.

DBpedia Spotlight: Shedding Light on the Web of Documents

Interlinking text documents with Linked Open Data enables the Web of Data to be used as background knowledge within document-oriented applications such as search and faceted browsing. As a step towards interconnecting the Web of Documents with the Web of Data, we developed DBpedia Spotlight, a system for automatically annotating text documents with DBpedia URIs. DBpedia Spotlight allows users to configure the annotations to their specific needs through the DBpedia Ontology and quality measures such as prominence, topical pertinence, contextual ambiguity and disambiguation confidence. We compare our approach with the state of the art in disambiguation, and evaluate our results in light of three baselines and six publicly available annotation systems, demonstrating the competitiveness of our system. DBpedia Spotlight is shared as open source and deployed as a Web Service freely available for public use.

Translational research combining orthologous genes and human diseases with the OGOLOD dataset

OGOLOD is a Linked Open Data dataset derived from different biomedical resources by an automated pipeline, using a tailored ontology as a scaffold. The key contribution of OGOLOD is that it links, in new RDF triples, genetic human diseases and orthologous genes, paving the way for a more efficient translational biomedical research exploiting the Linked Open Data cloud.

SRBench: A streaming RDF/SPARQL benchmark

We introduce SRBench, a general-purpose benchmark primarily designed for streaming RDF/SPARQL engines, completely based on real-world data sets from the Linked Open Data cloud. With the increasing problem of too much streaming data but not enough tools to gain knowledge from them, researchers have set out for solutions in which Semantic Web technologies are adapted and extended for publishing, sharing, analysing and understanding streaming data. To help researchers and users comparing streaming RDF/SPARQL (strRS) engines in a standardised application scenario, we have designed SRBench, with which one can assess the abilities of a strRS engine to cope with a broad range of use cases typically encountered in real-world scenarios. The data sets used in the benchmark have been carefully chosen, such that they represent a realistic and relevant usage of streaming data. The benchmark defines a concise, yet omprehensive set of queries that cover the major aspects of strRS processing. Finally, our work is complemented with a functional evaluation on three representative strRS engines: SPARQLStream, C-SPARQL and CQELS. The presented results are meant to give a first baseline and illustrate the state-of-the-art.

A proposal for a Business Framework targeted at emerging business services and applications

Un Service Business Framework consiste en una serie de componentes interrelacionados que permiten la gestión de servicios de negocio a través de su ciclo de vida, desde su creación, descubrimiento y comparación, hasta su monetización (incluyendo un posible reparto de beneficios). De esta manera, el denominado FIWARE Business Framework trata de permitir a los usuarios de la plataforma FIWARE mejorar sus productos con funcionalidades de búsqueda, describrimiento, comparación, monetización y reparto de beneficios. Para lograr este objetivo, el Business Framework de FIWARE proporciona la especificación abierta y las APIs de una serie de components (denominados \Generic Enablers" en terminología FIWARE), junto con una implementación de referencia de las mismas pueden ser facilmente integradas en los sitemas existentes para conseguir aplicaciones con valor a~nadido. Al comienzo de este trabajo de fin de master, el Business Framework de FIWARE no era lo suficientemente maduro como para cubrir los requisitos de sus usuarios, ya que ofrecía modelos demasiado generales y dejaba algunas funcionalidades clave para ser implementadas por los usuarios. Para solucionar estos problemas, el principal objectivo desarrollado en el contexto de este trabajo de fin de master ha consistido en mejorar y evolucionar el Business Framework de FIWARE para dar respuesta a las demandas de sus usuarios. Para alcanzar el pricipal objetivo propuesto, el Business Framework de FIWARE ha sido evaluado usando la información proporcionada por los usuarios de la plataforma, principalmente PyMEs y start-ups que usan este framework en sus soluciones, con el objetivo de obtener una lista de requisitos y de dise~nar a partir de éstos un roadmap de evolución a 6 meses. Después, los diferentes problemas identificados se han tratado uno por uno dando en cada caso una solución capaz de cubrir los requisitos de los usuarios. Finalmente, se han evaluado los resultados obtenidos en el proyecto integrando el Business Framework desarrollado con un sistema existente para la gestión de datos de consusmo energético, construyendo lo que se ha denominado Mercado de Datos de Consumo Energético. Esto además ha permitido demostrar la utilidad del framework propuesto para evolucionar una plataforma de datos abiertos bien conocida como es CKAN a un verdadero mercado de datos.---ABSTRACT---Service Business Frameworks consist on a number of interrelated components that support the management of business services across their whole lifecycle, from their creation, publication, discovery and comparison, to their monetization (possibly including revenue settlement and sharing). In this regard, the FIWARE Business Framework aims at allowing FIWARE users to enhance their solutions with search, discovery, comparison, monetization and revenue settlement and sharing features. To achieve this objective, the FIWARE Business Framework provides the open specification and APIs of a comprehensive set of components (called Generic Enablers in FIWARE terminology), along with a reference implementation of these APIs,, that can be easily integrated with existing systems in order to create value added applications. At the beginning of the current Master's Thesis, the FIWARE Business Framework was not mature enough to cover the requirements of the its users, since it provided too general models and leaved some key functionality to be implemented by those users. To deal with these issues, the main objective carried out in the context of this Master's Thesis have been enhancing and evolving the FIWARE Business Framework to accomplish with the demands of its users. For achieving the main objective of this Master's Thesis, the FWARE Business Framework has been evaluated using the feedback provided by FIWARE users, mainly SMEs and start-ups, actually using the framework in their solutions, in order to determine a list of requirements and to design a roadmap for the evolution and improvement of the existing framework in the next 6 months. Then, the diferent issues detected have been tackle one by one enhancing them, and trying to give a solution able to cover users requirements. Finally, the results of the project have been evaluated by integrating the evolved FIWARE Business Framework with an existing system in charge of the management of energy consumption data, building what has been called the Energy Consumption Data Market. This has also allowed demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed business framework to evolve CKAN, a renowned open data platform, into an actual, fully- edged data market.

Twitter como fuente de contraste de puntos de interés turístico: Caso de uso la ciudad de Madrid.

Este trabajo trata de evaluar la capacidad de atracción turística de los Puntos de Interés oficiales (POIs) disponibles como datos geográficos abiertos y en las IDE locales mediante la información explícita e implícita de los Tweets geolocalizados. Los estudios sobre turismo tratan de obtener información del potencial turístico de una zona y la valoración de los turistas. Estos estudios tradicionalmente se basan en encuestas o entrevistas personales, realizadas desde entidades públicas o compañías privadas En el caso que nos ocupa existen estudios a nivel de Municipal, de la Comunidad autónoma y de entidades privadas relacionadas con el sector turístico de la cidudad de Madrid por estar considerado un sector estratégico para la economía regional. Las redes sociales, especialmente Twitter, ofrecen un alto potencial para la realización de trabajos de investigación y evaluación de áreas urbanas gracias a la información geográfica digital asociada. Se ha producido una evolución de la Información Geográfica Voluntaria (VGI) acuñada por Goodchild (2007) a la Información Geográfica de Medios Sociales (SMGI) acuñada por Floris y Campagna (2014). Esta nueva fuente de datos derivados, podria complementar la información de los datos públicos de turismo ofrecidos por nodos IDE u Open Data; por ejemplo: ayudaria a la validación de puntos de interés turístico o áreas de la ciudad, mejoraria la actualización de la información y a largo plazo, podria ayudar al desarrollo de estrategias y planes de turismo más eficientes.

The Transport Disruption Ontology

Postprint

La evaluación de los aprendizajes en los sMOOC. Estudio de caso en el Proyecto Europeo ECO

El siguiente artículo hace una reflexión crítica sobre los MOOC, prestando especial atención al análisis de los nuevos sistemas de evaluación; en concreto, el método peer to peer, y cómo esto afecta al rol de docentes y estudiantes. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo tomando como referencia dos sMOOC liderados por el Proyecto Europeo ECO (Elearning, Communication and Open-data: Massive Mobile, Ubiquitous and Open Learning). Los resultados que se presentan han sido analizados desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, utilizando como muestra a los miembros de la comunidad de aprendizaje que han participado en ambos cursos. A través de la utilización de un cuestionario se ha podido conocer cómo han valorado su experiencia formativa y su grado de satisfacción. La mitad de los sujetos encuestados ha considerado adecuado y justo el nuevo sistema evaluativo, sin embargo existe otra mitad que lo considera injusto y que tiene lagunas. Se ha abordado la evaluación como una parte intrínseca del proceso educativo y por ello se ha enfatizado en aspectos como el empoderamiento del alumnado, la cultura de la participación y la interacción social, conceptos que nos acercan a nuevos modelos de aprendizaje que potencian el intelecto colectivo y dejan atrás sistemas transmisivos de conocimiento.

Os degraus da implementação efetiva no Brasil: como as regulamentações locais de acesso à informação impactam na implementação de portais de dados abertos e transparência

2015 Open Data Research Symposium, 27th May 2015, Ottawa, Canada