Programa de prevenció de l'estrés en mestres. 'Programa de prevención del estrés en maestros'.

Detectar los factores estresantes ambientales que interfieren laboralmente en el colectivo de profesores. Intentar que sean los maestros los que hagan el análisis de los factores estresantes en su escuela. 19 maestros de Barcelona, de dos escuelas. Primera fase: aplica la técnica de grupo nominal para detectar los factores estresantes dentro del ámbito de trabajo del profesor de EGB. Segunda fase: confecciona un cuestionario de los factores estresantes para medir la frecuencia y el grado de intensidad en que se dan estos factores. Tercera fase: evalúa y verifica la hipótesis. Plantea la siguiente hipótesis: la intervención comunitaria que parte del análisis de los factores estresantes y que pretende que los maestros intenten modificar estos factores, hará que el nivel de estrés producido por el ambiente laboral disminuya. Cuestionarios CHP de Goldberg y STAI. Análisis experimental, técnica de grupo nominal, pruega de t de Wilcoxon. El nivel de estrés de los maestros del grupo de intervención disminuye respecto al del grupo control. Sería interesante mejorar aspectos que han podido interferir en los resultados del estudio.

Desarrollo de catalizadores en sistemas de reacción avanzados para la producción de hidrógeno a partir de biogás

[ES]En el presente documento se expone el estudio experimental que consiste en la comparación de diferentes catalizadores en sistemas de reacción avanzados, microrreactores, para la producción de hidrógeno a partir de biogás. El hidrógeno es un vector energético que puede emplearse como combustible, y por tanto, un candidato perfecto para sustituir aquellos combustibles provenientes de fuentes fósiles. Este Proyecto de Fin de Grado se ha basado en desarrollar el proceso conocido como tri-reformado de biogás. Esta técnica, al contrario que las técnicas convencionales de producción, presenta numerosas ventajas ya que la materia prima empleada, el biogás, es una fuente de origen renovable. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se han preparado distintos catalizadores, basados todos ellos en platino. La elección de este metal noble es debido a su alto grado de reactividad, especialmente en sistemas de reacción micro-estructurados. Con el objetivo de reducir los costes asociados al propio catalizador, se añadieron, junto con el platino, otros metales más baratos a fin de analizar su idoneidad en el proceso del tri-reformado. Por tanto, partiendo de un catalizador de referencia que contiene un 5% de platino, se prepararon otros catalizadores mantenido constante, en un 5%, la composición de metal total. Estos catalizadores se han denominado de la siguiente manera: 2.5(Pt-Me), siendo Me cada especie metálica diferente. Tras preparar los catalizadores, se llevaron a cabo diferentes experimentos con un reactor convencional de lecho fijo. El objetivo fue establecer unas condiciones de operación tal que asegurasen una adecuada comparación entre catalizadores. De este modo, se realizaron ensayos de actividad catalítica a diferentes temperaturas y velocidades espaciales para someter a los catalizadores a condiciones de operación extremas, bajo las cuales, las diferencias entre catalizadores fueran más notorias. Una vez detalladas las condiciones de operación adecuadas para la comparación de catalizadores, se llevaron a cabo los correspondientes ensayos con los catalizadores impregnados en los sistemas de reacción avanzados, denominados micorreactores. Estos ensayos se basaron en operar a una velocidad espacial constante para estudiar la influencia de la temperatura. Además, se llevaron a cabo ensayos de estabilidad de hasta 110 horas en las condiciones de operación más desfavorables. Por último se compararon las conversiones de CH4 y CO2 y el rendimiento de H2 de todas las formulaciones catalíticas preparadas, y se concluyó que el mejor candidato para el proceso del tri-reformado es el catalizador 2.5(Pt-Pd).

Can microgrids make a major contribution to UK energy supply?

Almost all the electricity currently produced in the UK is generated as part of a centralised power system designed around large fossil fuel or nuclear power stations. This power system is robust and reliable but the efficiency of power generation is low, resulting in large quantities of waste heat. The principal aim of this paper is to investigate an alternative concept: the energy production by small scale generators in close proximity to the energy users, integrated into microgrids. Microgrids—de-centralised electricity generation combined with on-site production of heat—bear the promise of substantial environmental benefits, brought about by a higher energy efficiency and by facilitating the integration of renewable sources such as photovoltaic arrays or wind turbines. By virtue of good match between generation and load, microgrids have a low impact on the electricity network, despite a potentially significant level of generation by intermittent energy sources. The paper discusses the technical and economic issues associated with this novel concept, giving an overview of the generator technologies, the current regulatory framework in the UK, and the barriers that have to be overcome if microgrids are to make a major contribution to the UK energy supply. The focus of this study is a microgrid of domestic users powered by small Combined Heat and Power generators and photovoltaics. Focusing on the energy balance between the generation and load, it is found that the optimum combination of the generators in the microgrid- consisting of around 1.4 kWp PV array per household and 45% household ownership of micro-CHP generators- will maintain energy balance on a yearly basis if supplemented by energy storage of 2.7 kWh per household. We find that there is no fundamental technological reason why microgrids cannot contribute an appreciable part of the UK energy demand. Indeed, an estimate of cost indicates that the microgrids considered in this study would supply electricity at a cost comparable with the present electricity supply if the current support mechanisms for photovoltaics were maintained. Combining photovoltaics and micro-CHP and a small battery requirement gives a microgrid that is independent of the national electricity network. In the short term, this has particular benefits for remote communities but more wide-ranging possibilities open up in the medium to long term. Microgrids could meet the need to replace current generation nuclear and coal fired power stations, greatly reducing the demand on the transmission and distribution network.

A framework for assessing continuing professional development activities for satisfying pharmacy revalidation requirements

The United Kingdom’s pharmacy regulator contemplated using continuing professional development (CPD) in pharmacy revalidation in 2009, simultaneously asking pharmacy professionals to demonstrate the value of their CPD by showing its relevance and impact. The idea of linking new CPD requirements with revalidation was yet to be explored. Our aim was to develop and validate a framework to guide pharmacy professionals to select CPD activities that are relevant to their work and to produce a score sheet that would make it possible to quantify the impact and relevance of CPD. METHODS: We adapted an existing risk matrix, producing a CPD framework consisting of relevance and impact matrices. Concepts underpinning the framework were refined through feedback from five pharmacist teacher-practitioners. We then asked seven pharmacists to rate the relevance of the framework’s individual elements on a 4-point scale to determine content validity. We explored views about the framework through focus groups with six and interviews with 17 participants who had used it formally in a study. RESULTS: The framework’s content validity index was 0.91. Feedback about the framework related to three themes of penetrability of the framework, usefulness to completion of CPD, and advancement of CPD records for the purpose of revalidation. DISCUSSION: The framework can help professionals better select CPD activities prospectively, and makes assessment of CPD more objective by allowing quantification, which could be helpful for revalidation. We believe the framework could potentially help other health professionals with better management of their CPD irrespective of their field of practice.

Validation of Canopy Height Profile methodology for small-footprint full-waveform airborne LiDAR data in a discontinuous canopy environment

A Canopy Height Profile (CHP) procedure presented in Harding et al. (2001) for large footprint LiDAR data was tested in a closed canopy environment as a way of extracting vertical foliage profiles from LiDAR raw-waveform. In this study, an adaptation of this method to small-footprint data has been shown, tested and validated in an Australian sparse canopy forest at plot- and site-level. Further, the methodology itself has been enhanced by implementing a dataset-adjusted reflectance ratio calculation according to Armston et al. (2013) in the processing chain, and tested against a fixed ratio of 0.5 estimated for the laser wavelength of 1550nm. As a by-product of the methodology, effective leaf area index (LAIe) estimates were derived and compared to hemispherical photography-derived values. To assess the influence of LiDAR aggregation area size on the estimates in a sparse canopy environment, LiDAR CHPs and LAIes were generated by aggregating waveforms to plot- and site-level footprints (plot/site-aggregated) as well as in 5m grids (grid-processed). LiDAR profiles were then compared to leaf biomass field profiles generated based on field tree measurements. The correlation between field and LiDAR profiles was very high, with a mean R2 of 0.75 at plot-level and 0.86 at site-level for 55 plots and the corresponding 11 sites. Gridding had almost no impact on the correlation between LiDAR and field profiles (only marginally improvement), nor did the dataset-adjusted reflectance ratio. However, gridding and the dataset-adjusted reflectance ratio were found to improve the correlation between raw-waveform LiDAR and hemispherical photography LAIe estimates, yielding the highest correlations of 0.61 at plot-level and of 0.83 at site-level. This proved the validity of the approach and superiority of dataset-adjusted reflectance ratio of Armston et al. (2013) over a fixed ratio of 0.5 for LAIe estimation, as well as showed the adequacy of small-footprint LiDAR data for LAIe estimation in discontinuous canopy forests.

The identification of genes important in pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola plant colonisation using in vitro screening of transposon libraries

The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Pph) colonises the surface of common bean plants before moving into the interior of plant tissue, via wounds and stomata. In the intercellular spaces the pathogen proliferates in the apoplastic fluid and forms microcolonies (biofilms) around plant cells. If the pathogen can suppress the plant’s natural resistance response, it will cause halo blight disease. The process of resistance suppression is fairly well understood, but the mechanisms used by the pathogen in colonisation are less clear. We hypothesised that we could apply in vitro genetic screens to look for changes in motility, colony formation, and adhesion, which are proxies for infection, microcolony formation and cell adhesion. We made transposon (Tn) mutant libraries of Pph strains 1448A and 1302A and found 106/1920 mutants exhibited alterations in colony morphology, motility and biofilm formation. Identification of the insertion point of the Tn identified within the genome highlighted, as expected, a number of altered motility mutants bearing mutations in genes encoding various parts of the flagellum. Genes involved in nutrient biosynthesis, membrane associated proteins, and a number of conserved hypothetical protein (CHP) genes were also identified. A mutation of one CHP gene caused a positive increase in in planta bacterial growth. This rapid and inexpensive screening method allows the discovery of genes important for in vitro traits that can be correlated to roles in the plant interaction

Cohabitation with a B16F10 melanoma-bearer cage mate influences behavior and dendritic cell phenotype in mice

This study evaluated the effects of cohabitation with a B16F10 melanoma-bearer cage mate on behavior and immune functions in mice. Five different experiments were conducted. In each of them, the female mice were divided into two groups: control and experimental. One mouse of each control pair was kept undisturbed and called ""companion of health partner"" (CHP). One mouse of each experimental pair was inoculated with B16FI0 cells and the other, the subject of this study, was called ""companion sick partner"" (CSP). On Day 20 of cohabitation, behavior and immune parameters from CHP and CSP mice were analyzed. In comparison to the CHP, the CSP mice: (1) presented an increased general locomotion in the open field and a decreased exploration time and number of entries in the plus-maze open arms; (2) had an enhanced expression of the CD80 costimulatory molecule on Iab(+)CD11c(+) spleen cells, but no differences were found on lymph nodes cells; (3) presented an altered differentiation of bone marrow cells in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4, and LPS in vitro, resulting in a lower percentage of Iab(+)CD80(+) cells; (4) had a deficit in the establishment of a Delayed Type of Hypersensitivity to ovalbumin, which was associated to an in vitro proliferation of an IL-10-producing lymphocyte subpopulation after ovalbumin stimulation. Corticosterone levels detected on Day 20 of cohabitation were similar in CHP and CSP mice. It is shown here that DCs phenotype in mice is affected by conditions associated with behavioral alterations indicative of an anxiety-like state induced by the cohabitation with a tumor-bearer conspecific. This phenomenon occurred probably through a nondependent corticosterone mechanism. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Microbiological profile of untreated subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis

Aim The microbial profile of localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) has not yet been determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the subgingival microbial composition of LAgP. Material and Methods One hundred and twenty subjects with LAgP (n=15), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP, n=25), chronic periodontitis (ChP, n=30) or periodontal health (PH, n=50) underwent clinical and microbiological assessment. Nine subgingival plaque samples were collected from each subject and analysed for their content of 38 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Results Red complex and some orange complex species are the most numerous and prevalent periodontal pathogens in LAgP. The proportions of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were elevated in shallow and intermediate pockets of LAgP subjects in comparison with those with GAgP or ChP, but not in deep sites. This species also showed a negative correlation with age and with the proportions of red complex pathogens. The host-compatible Actinomyces species were reduced in LAgP. Conclusion A. actinomycetemcomitans seems to be associated with the onset of LAgP, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Campylobacter gracilis, Eubacterium nodatum and Prevotella intermedia play an important role in disease progression. Successful treatment of LAgP would involve a reduction in these pathogens and an increase in the Actinomyces species.

Slutrapport för EU-projekt Polysmart P22374-1

Följande sammanfattar erfarenheterna inom projektet:- Besparing av primärenergi är väldigt beroende av ett fåtal faktorer där primärenergi faktor för generering av el till nätet är avgörande. I projektet använde man termen ”non-renewable primary energy” där förnybara källor som bioenergi och även sopförbränning har väldigt låga värden. Om man använder den europeiska mixen för elproduktion ger enbartkraftvärme nästan alltid besparing av primär energi. Det samma gäller system där man använder förnybar energi eller sopförbränning. För system med trigenerering som använder fossila bränslen måste man ha både hög andel elproduktion från kraftvärmeaggregatet och relativt hög COP för den värmedrivna kylmaskinen om man ska få en besparing av primärenergi.- Systemen är komplexa och man har lärt sig mycket inom projektet. Dock har man inte kommit så långt som standard systempaket.- Elförbrukning är oftast högre än förväntat och i verklighet högre än specificerat.- Värmesänkan i systemet är en nyckelkomponent som är kritiskt för bra systemprestanda. Mer FoU krävs för att få fram komponenter som lämpar sig väl till sådana system (och som skulle också gynna andra system).- Mätning av systemet med tillhörande analys har behövts för att förbättra systemprestanda, vilket är kopplat till att system är komplexa och att det inte fanns en grundläggande kompetens i början av projektet hos alla partners.- Lovande nischmarknader har identifierats men de kräver förmodligen paketlösningar som inte finns på marknaden än.- Man ska enbart täcka baslasten med trigenereringssystem.- Koppling med fjärrvärme kan fungera bra men leverantören måste acceptera relativt höga returtemperaturer.

Anmälningspliktens komplexitet : En kvalitativ studie om förskolepersonals upplevelser av anmälningsprocesser

I föreliggande kvalitativa studie var syftet att undersöka hur förskolepersonal upplever och resonerar i anmälningsprocesser samt vilka aspekter de anser vara främjande respektive hindrande för arbetet i dessa. Studiens empiriska material har samlats in genom fokusgruppsintervjuer och individuella intervjuer. Det övergripande resultatet visar att förskolepersonal upplever anmälningsprocesser som komplexa då de måste förhålla sig till omständigheter på såväl en mikro- som en mezzo- och makronivå. Omständigheterna utgörs bland annat av individuella roller och rollkonflikter, gruppdiskussioner och hänsynstagande till kollegor samt rådande samhällsnormer. Det är också den upplevda komplexiteten i anmälningsprocesserna som gör att förskolepersonal resonerar huruvida en anmälan ska göras eller inte. Detta resultat stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning gjord på området men är något som inte överensstämmer med lagstiftarens intentioner. Resultatet visar vidare på att förskolepersonal anser det som främjande med stöd och rådgivning från kollegor och andra professioner för att få hjälp med arbetet i anmälningsprocesserna.

Murcha-de-curtobacterium do feijoeiro no Estado de Santa Catarina e reação de genótipos a Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens

Avaliou-se a ocorrência da murcha-de-curtobacterium em lavouras de feijoeiro comum em algumas localidades do Estado de Santa Catarina, nas safras 2002/03 e 2003/04, e o comportamento dos genótipos BRS Valente, Carioca, CHC 97-29, CHP 97-26, CNPF 8104, Diamante Negro, Empasc 201 - Chapecó, IAPAR 44, IPR Graúna, IPR Juriti, IPR Uirapuru, LP 9728, Pérola, SCS 202-Guará, Sel. CP 9310635, TPS Bionobre, TPS Bonito, TPS Magnífico, TPS Nobre, TPS Soberano e Xamego perante Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), em condições de casa-de-vegetação. As cultivares IAC Carioca Akytã, IAC Carioca Aruã e IAC Carioca Pyatã foram empregadas como padrões de resistência a Cff. As avaliações dos sintomas ocorreram aos 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25 dias após a inoculação (DAI) e, posteriormente, foi estimada a área abaixo da curva de progresso da murcha-de-curtobacterium (AACPMC), em cada genótipo. A doença esteve presente nos municípios de Campos Novos, Faxinal dos Guedes, Guatambu, Ipuaçu, Ponte Serrada e Tigrinhos e que, aos 10 DAI, as cultivares SCS 202 - Guará e IPR Juriti mostraram baixa severidade. Porém, aos 25 DAI, somente as cultivares padrões foram resistentes e apresentaram menor AACPMC.

Antimicrobial potential of medicaments used in healing process in dogs' teeth with apical periodontitis

Estudou-se a influência de diferentes irrigantes no potencial antimicrobiano da pasta de hidróxido de cálcio em dentes de cães com periodontite apical. 48 pré-molares de cães adultos tiveram suas câmaras coronárias abertas e expostas à cavidade bucal por 6 meses. Os canais radiculares foram preparados, irrigados e medicados com diferentes substâncias, de acordo com os seguintes grupos: 1) 2,5% NaOCl + CHP; 2) 2% CHX + CHP; 3) vinagre + CHP; 4) vinagre + vinagre. No grupo 4, a solução irrigante e a medicação intracanal utilizada foi o vinagre. Neste grupo, a cada 7 dias, a solução era renovada. Cada amostra foi coletada, mantendo-se o cone de papel esterilizado em posição por 1 min, e a seguir transportado e imerso em 7 mL de Letheen broth, seguido de incubação a 37ºC por 48 h. O crescimento microbiano foi analisado por dois métodos, turbidade do meio de cultura e subcultura em meio nutritivo específico (brain heart infusion). Os resultados mostraram que em todos os grupos experimentais houve crescimento microbiano após 21 dias, em diferentes percentagens: grupo 1 - 30%; grupo 2 - 30%; grupo 3 - 40%; grupo 4 - 60%. Todos os materiais testados apresentaram potencial antimicrobiano. Entretanto, o processo de cura favorecido pela pasta de hidróxido de cálcio não pode ser esquecido, uma vez que muitos estudos já demonstraram sua ação antimicrobiana.

Tissue Reaction to a Triantibiotic Paste Used for Endodontic Tissue Self-regeneration of Nonvital Immature Permanent Teeth

Introduction: The endodontic regenerative procedure (ERP), which is an alternative to calcium hydroxide induced apexification, involves the use of a triple antibiotic paste (TAP) as a dressing material. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of rat subcutaneous tissue to implanted polyethylene tubes that were filled with TAP or calcium hydroxide. Methods: Thirty rats received 2 individual implants of polyethylene tubes filled with TAP or calcium hydroxide paste (CHP) and another empty tube as a control. Thirty additional rats received 2 individual implants consisting of polyethylene tubes filled with dressing material carriers (macrogol and propylene glycol) and a sham procedure. After 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, 12 animals were euthanized, and the tubes and surrounding tissue were removed and processed for histology by using glycol methacrylate and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histological score ranged from 0 to 3 depending on the content of inflammatory cells; the fibrous capsule was considered thin or thick, and necrosis and calcification were recorded as present or absent. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Both dressing materials induced moderate reactions at 7 and 15 days. These reactions were similar to the control (P>.05) and reduced in intensity (to mild) from day 30 onward (P>.05). The carriers did not interfere with the reaction of the dressing materials. Conclusions: TAP and CHP were biocompatible over the different experimental periods examined. (J Endod 2012;38:91-94)

Qualidade microbiológica da água mineral engarrafada e seu potencial como fonte de bactérias resistentes a antibióticos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Projeto de um Multiplicador Divisor Anal´ogico em tecnologia CMOS para uso em controlador fuzzy tipo-2 intervalar

The main objective of the presented study is the design of a analog multiplier-divider as integrant part of the type-reducer circuit of type-2 fuzzy controller chip. The proposed circuit is a multiplier/divider which operates in current mode, in the CMOS technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 V.The circuit simulation was performed in PSPICE software with simulation model provided by AMS (Austria Mikro Systems International) in CMOS technology 0.35μm