Entre a oposição e a negociação : Um projeto de investigação-ação sobre o papel do adulto na prevenção e mediação de conflitos entre pares na infância

Esta investigação surgiu da identificação de dificuldades ao nível da interação e gestão de conflitos entre pares, que a investigadora teve a oportunidade de observar no grupo de crianças com quem desenvolvia a sua prática educativa. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender de que forma a transformação da praxis do educador influencia os processos de prevenção e a mediação dos conflitos entre pares no jardim-de-infância. Tendo em conta as formas e as características das relações entre pares na infância bem como o desenvolvimento moral das crianças em idade préescolar, a investigadora levou a cabo um projeto de investigação-ação com um grupo de vinte e quatro crianças de cinco anos. Ao longo do projeto, a investigadora procurou conhecer e experimentar estratégias de prevenção e mediação de conflitos interpares, monitorizando esse processo através da reflexão sobre a ação, assim como compreender os efeitos dessa experimentação no desenvolvimento profissional e na aprendizagem das crianças. Os processos do projeto são apresentados através de uma descrição densa dos eixos centrais da ação: construção do quadro de regras, organização do tempo e do grupo, organização do espaço e dos materiais, experimentação de instrumentos de pilotagem, reunião de grande grupo e estratégias de resolução de conflitos. Os dados apresentados resultam da interpretação das categorias emergentes da análise das entrevistas e das notas de campo. Através dessa interpretação, foi possível constatar os efeitos positivos do projeto, não apenas ao nível das competências de escuta e de negociação das crianças, mas também para a prática profissional da investigadora, que desenvolveu competências de reflexão e de autossupervisão.

Scholarship as a Conversation: A Metaphor for Librarian-ESL Instructor Collaboration

Invoking the metaphor of scholarship as a conversation offers academic librarians an excellent way to connect information literacy to university ESL (English as a second language) classes. This article describes how this particular metaphor has appeared in the literature of librarianship, and it suggests that this metaphor offers a deeper way to understand and promote information literacy to ESL students. It connects this deeper understanding of information literacy to ESL writing and speaking instructional approaches. These approaches include understanding scholarship as both a formal written end product and as a writing process in the creation, production and dissemination of knowledge. In addition, understanding scholarship as a conversation is described as including recognition of both formal and informal means of communication. Practical examples of classroom activities are also offered that librarians can use to support these different ways of illustrating scholarship as a conversation. Collaboration between librarians and instructors is advocated in order to fully invoke this metaphor as a way to connect information literacy to ESL classrooms.

« Autour de la musique narrative » ; « Les musiques de concert, de ballet et de film»

La version intégrale de ce mémoire est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).

La communication de la douleur et de l'incapacité au sein des couples dont l'un des partenaires souffre de douleur persistante

Au cours des dernières années, il a été démontré que la façon dont la douleur est communiquée, par l’entremise de comportements de douleur, est associée à l’incapacité auto-rapportée et à la trajectoire de chronicité des individus souffrant de douleur persistante. Cependant, très peu de recherches ont investigué le lien entre la perception de la douleur dans le couple et la trajectoire de chronicité des individus souffrant de douleur persistante. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, trois études ont été réalisées afin de mieux comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans la communication de la douleur au sein de couples dont l’un des partenaires souffrait de douleur persistante. Une première étude a été réalisée afin de valider une version francophone du « Pain Disability Index (PDI) », un questionnaire développé pour évaluer l’incapacité reliée à la douleur persistante. Comme attendu, les résultats indiquent que cette version du PDI reproduit la structure factorielle de la version originale du PDI et présente une bonne fidélité et validité. Une autre étude a été réalisée auprès de couples dont l’un des partenaires souffre de douleur persistante afin d’évaluer les corrélats de la justesse empathique, d’explorer la relation entre la justesse empathique reliée à la douleur et différentes variables associées à l’adaptation du patient et du conjoint et enfin d’explorer la relation entre la justesse empathique reliée à la douleur et des variables relationnelles. Les résultats suggèrent que de façon générale, la justesse empathique est associée à des résultats négatifs chez les patients souffrant de douleur persistante et ne semble pas un corrélat important de la satisfaction conjugale. Enfin, une dernière étude a été réalisée afin de comprendre l’influence de la concordance des pensées catastrophiques dans le couple sur l’émission de comportements de douleur et sur la perception de la douleur et de l’incapacité lors d’une tâche physiquement exigeante. Il a été trouvé que les participants ayant un niveau élevé de pensées catastrophiques, qui étaient en relation avec un conjoint ayant un faible niveau de pensées catastrophiques, ont émis plus de comportements de douleur que tous les autres groupes. Ces résultats suggèrent que les personnes souffrant de douleur persistante ayant un niveau élevé de pensées catastrophiques peuvent avoir besoin d’augmenter le « volume » de la communication de la douleur afin de compenser pour la tendance des conjoints ayant un faible niveau de pensées catastrophiques à sous-estimer les signaux de douleur. En résumé, puisque l’émission de comportements de douleur est associée à l’incapacité auto-rapportée des individus souffrant de douleur persistante, il est possible que toute situation qui contribue à une augmentation des comportements de douleur, contribuera également à un niveau d’incapacité plus élevé. Ainsi, d’un point de vue clinique, les interventions qui amènent le conjoint à faire de l’écoute active et à valider la personne souffrante, pourraient réduire la présence des comportements de douleur et potentiellement avoir un impact sur le niveau d’incapacité des personnes souffrant de douleur persistante.

L'écoute en scène : vers un renouveau de la dramaturgie sonore dans Inferno de Romeo Castellucci

Ce mémoire s'intéresse à l'inscription du son dans la mise en scène Inferno de Romeo Castellucci. Il s'agit de cerner en quoi la dimension sonore de cette œuvre s'émancipe de l'utilisation traditionnelle du son au théâtre et comment son intégration aux actions scéniques en vient à créer un nouveau type de dramaturgie. Ne visant plus l'illustration d'un récit, cette œuvre met de l'avant la matérialité des divers médiums constituant l'action. Nous verrons comment le son dans cette mise en scène s’autonomise. Il ne se veut plus mimétique; il ne vise pas à nous faire entendre quelque chose d’absent. Comme il s'apprécie pour ses qualités propres, le son parvient à « interagir » avec les autres éléments scéniques d’une manière inédite. La dynamique des présences visibles et audibles devient ainsi le foyer de tensions dramaturgiques. Ceci nous conduira à nous interroger sur la question de l'écoute et de ses processus pour tenter de voir comment la perception sonore influence la réception intégrale de ce spectacle. Les notions d'acousmatisme, de flou causal et de déréalisation de la perception temporelle nous permettront d'envisager l'apparition d'une dramatisation de l'écoute.

Circuitos, perturbaciones y transformaciones de la modernidad/colonialidad : análisis discursivo en contextos chilenos y canadienses

La présente étude constitue une analyse comparative de discours qui articulent la problématique de l’héritage coloniale et des réclamations autochtones au Chili et au Canada : des livres de texte de sciences sociales, des discours d’opinion et des discours autochtones. Nous proposons que les similitudes surprenantes qui ont été révélées par les contextes nationaux canadiens et chiliens peuvent être expliquées, en partie, par leur articulation avec le discours globalisé de la modernité/colonialité. D’une part, les textes scolaires et les discours d’opinion font circuler des éléments discursifs de la modernité, tout en reproduisant des formes de savoir et de dire coloniaux. D’autre part, les discours autochtones se ressemblent entre eux dans la mesure où ils interpolent la modernité/colonialité transformant ainsi les termes d’engagement interculturel. Bien que les états canadiens et chiliens renforcent leur engagement à l’égard de la réconciliation avec les Autochtones durant les dernières décennies, les conflits interculturels continuent à se produire en impliquant toujours les mêmes acteurs : l’état, différents peuples autochtones, des entreprises privées, ainsi que des membres de l’élite intellectuelle, politique et patronale. En prenant en compte cette situation, l’objectif de cette thèse vise à mieux comprendre pourquoi ces conflits, loin d’être résolus, continuent à se reproduire. Dans ces deux pays, la problématique des conflits interculturels est fondamentalement mise en rapport avec la question des droits territoriaux et, par conséquent, sont inséparables de la question de l’héritage coloniale des états nationaux canadien et chilien. Pourtant cette dimension coloniale des conflits a tendance à être cachée autant par la rhétorique multiculturelle du discours national que par les polarisations produites par l’opinion publique, lesquelles ont l’habitude d’encadrer la problématique par des notions binaires, telles que « civilisation/barbarie » ou « authenticité/illégitimité ». De plus, on peut considérer l’ouest du Canada et le sud du Chili comme étant des contextes comparables, puisque ceux-ci ont été colonisés avec la base du discours moderne du progrès et de la civilisation, qui a servi à légitimer l’expansion de l’état national au dix-neuvième siècle. Cependant, il n’existe que très peu d’études qui comparent les productions discursives relatives aux relations interculturelles entre Autochtones et non Autochtones dans les contextes canadiens et chiliens, possiblement à cause des différences linguistiques, sociohistoriques et politiques qui paraissent insurmontables.

Le processus de l'écoute en consultation publique

Depuis une trentaine d’années, les citoyens des démocraties libérales boudent les isoloirs, souvent dépités par le manque d’impact de leur geste sur leur environnement (Sandel, 2012; Putnam, 2000). Plutôt que d’abandonner la sphère publique, plusieurs d’entre eux ont choisi de l’investir autrement. C’est ainsi que le monde occidental a connu un essor certain de la participation publique. Contrairement au vote, le citoyen est ici invité à prendre la parole, mais aussi à écouter les opinions des autres participants. Il se retrouve donc investi d’un rôle bien plus complexe sans être nécessairement doté des outils lui permettant d’accomplir la mission. Cette étude se penche sur le processus de l’écoute en consultation publique et vise à en déplier les mécanismes. Il s’agit d’observer comment s’exprime l’écoute en consultation publique, en dressant une typologie des marqueurs d’écoute et des sollicitations à l’écoute pour en étudier le fonctionnement. L’étude révèle qu’une écoute attentive peut se transformer en une écoute plus engagée quand une négociation mesurée de l’écoute prend place. Pour cela, chacun des acteurs doit être conscient de lui-même mais aussi de l’autre, du rôle de l’autre et du but final de la consultation. L’écoute engagée privilégie le partage d’autorité et auteurité nécessaire à la co-construction d’un discours entre tous les acteurs, une écoute qui se matérialise par le rapport que la commission remet aux preneurs de décision. La légitimité de ce rapport dépend du travail en amont entre les acteurs et, entre autres, de leur capacité à s’écouter, au delà de la dimension discursive. Le type d’écoute mis en œuvre contribue à inférer une légitimité à la consultation publique.

Farm Programmes of Electronic Media: A Comparative Study of Audience Perception in Kerala

Farm communication and extension programs are vital part of the farm development attempts. Electronic media plays a major role in farm extension activities. Kerala, the consumer state, which was a complete agricultural state in pre-independence period, is the sprouting land of agricultural extension and publication activities in print media. Later AIR (All India Radio) farm programs and farm broadcasting of Doordarshan enriched the role of electronic media in farm extension activities. The media saturated southern state of India received this new electronic media farm communication revolution whole heartedly. However, after 1990, Kerala witnessed a flood of private T V channels and currently there are 24 channels in this regional language, named Malayalam. All major news and entertainment channels are broadcasting farm programs. Farm programs of AIR and Doordarshan, broadcasted in Malayalam language, have been well accepted to the farmers‘ in Kerala. However, post-independence period, witnessed the formation of Kerala state in Indian Union and the first ballot-elected communist Government started its administration. After the land reform bills, the state witnessed a gradual decrease in agricultural production. Even if it is not reflected much in the attitude and practices of farm community and farm broadcast of traditional electronic broadcasting, a change is observable after the post-liberalization era of India. Private Television channels, which were focused on entertainment value of programs, started broadcasting farm programs and the parameters of program production went through certain changes. In this situation, there is ample relevance for a study about the farm programs of electronic media in terms of a comparative study of audience perception. The study is limited in the state of Kerala as it is the most media saturated state in India. The study analyzes the rate, nature and scope of adoption of farming methods transmitted through electronic media (T.V. and Radio) in Malayalam language.All kinds of Farm programs including comprehensive program serials, success stories, seasonal cropping methods, experts opinion, been analyzed on the basis of the following objectives.  To find whether propagating new farm methods through farm programs in electronic media or the availability of adequate infrastructure and economic factors make a farmer to adopt a new farming method.  To find which electronic media has more influence on farmers to adopt agricultural programs.  To find which form of electronic media gets better feedback from farmers  To find out whether the programs of T.V. or Radio is more acceptable to farmers than the print media.  To find whether farmers gets the message through their preferred medium for the message. The researcher recorded opinions from a panel of agricultural officers, farm Information officers, agro extension researchers and experts. According to their opinions and guidelines, a pilot study is designed and conducted in Kanjikuzhy Panchayath, in Alappuzha district, Kerala. The Panchayath is selected by considering its ideal nature of being the sample for a social Science research. Besides, the nature of farming in the Panchayath, which devoid of the cultivation of cash crops also supported its sample value. As per the observations from the pilot study, researcher confirmed the Triangulation method as the methodology of research. The questionnaire survey, being the primary part contained 42 Questions with 6 independent and 32 dependent variables. The survey is conducted among 400 respondents in Idukki, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts considering geographical differences and distribution of different types of crops. The response from a total of 360 respondents, 120 from each district, finally selected for tabulation and data analysis.The data analysis, based on percentage analysis, along with the results from focus group discussion among a selected group of 20 farmers, together produced the results as follows. Farmers, who are the audience of farm programs, have a very serious approach towards the medium. They are maintaining a critical point of view towards the content of the programs. Farmers are reasonably aware about the financial side of the programs and the monitory aspirations of both private and Government owned Television channels. Even though, the farmers are not aware on the technical terminology and jargons, they have ideas about success stories, program serials and they are even informed about channels are not maintaining an audience research section like AIR. Though the farmers accept Doordarshan as the credential source of farm information and methods, they are inclined to the entertainment value of programs too. They prefer to have more entertainment value for the programs of Doordarshan. Surprisingly, they have very solid suggestions on even about the shots which add entertainment value to the farm broadcasting methods of Doordarshan. Farmers are very much aware about the fact that media is just an instrument for inspiration and persuasion. They strongly believe that the source of information and new methods is agricultural research and an effective change happens only when there are adequate infrastructure and marketing facilities, along with the proper support from Government agricultural guideline and support systems like Krishi Bhavans. They strongly believe that media alone cannot create any magic in increasing agricultural production. Farmers are pointing out the lack of response to the feedback and queries of farmers on farming methods, as an evidence for the difference in levels of commitment of Government and private owned Television channels.Farmers are still perceiving AIR farm programs are far more committed to farmers and farming than any other electronic medium. However, they are seriously lacking Radio receivers with medium wave reception facility. Farmers perceive that the farming methods on new crops are more adoptable than the farming methods of traditional crops in both private and Government owned Television channels. There are multiple factors behind this observation from farmers. Farmers changed in terms of viewing habits and they prefer success stories, which are totally irrelevant and they even think that such stories encourage people to go for farming and they opined that such stories are good sources of inspiration. However, they are all very much sure about the importance and particular about the presence of entertainment factor even in farm programs. Farmers expect direct interaction of any expert of the new farming method to implement the method in their agriculture practices. Though introduction of a new idea in the T.V. is acceptable, farmers need the direct instruction of expert on field to start implementing the new farming practices Farmers still have an affinity towards print media reports and agricultural pages and they have complaints to print media on the removal of agricultural information pages from news papers. They prefer the reports in print media as it facilitates them to collect and refer articles when they need it. Farmers are having an eye of doubt about the credibility of farm programs by private T.V. channels. Even if they prefer private Television channels for listening and adopting new farming methods and other farm information, they scrutinize programs to know whether they are sponsored programs by agrochemical or agro-fertilizer manufacturer.

Link to ten short video episodes about groupwork

"Rob, Vikki, Shireen, Muzz and Delia have been randomly selected to work together to develop a presentation entitled 'The barriers to learning'. It's not an easy ride. The following 10 episodes show the journey, from their first meeting through to their impressions of the presentation and working together". Produced by the LearnHigher CETL Three areas covered by the site as follows Listening and Interpersonal Skills - the University of Leeds Oral Presentations - Brunel University Group Work - Bradford University

Supporting International Students in the Classroom

The University’s strategy aims to increase the numbers of International Students studying here, and this brings particular challenges for the teaching staff. Do you sometimes wonder if your international students are able to fully engage with their studies? Have you been in a situation where the international students in your class seem very quiet and reluctant to engage in group discussion? Have you found a higher proportion of international students seemed to struggle with their assignments? This guide highlights some of the issues facing international students studying in the UK and it provides tips for teaching staff to use in order to maximise the internal students engagement in their studies. In addition the guide provides references to further reading and resources both within the University and externally. You can find this guide on your blackboard site: TTLLP-GPG: Good practice guide for supporting international students. The production of the guide was funded by the Transition to Living & Learning Project.

Liderazgo y poder: una aproximación desde la ecología

El trabajo de grado se desarrollará a partir del análisis del liderazgo y el poder como característica de éste, desde una visión ecológica, lo cual constituye un aspecto de gran importancia en los estudios de administración. Primero, se abordará el significado de liderazgo y la importancia que este representa dentro de las organizaciones, a través de la generación de procesos que llevan a la organización a su evolución y desarrollo. Posteriormente se abordará el tema de poder en relación con la comprensión del efecto que este puede tener sobre las interacciones que se dan entre las personas de la organización. Finalmente, se estudiará también desde la ecología, como el poder ejercido por los líderes puede influir en la forma en que estos agentes, es decir personas, procesos e interacciones, interactúan para movilizar a la organización. De esta forma, se asume el poder como un aspecto importante dentro del estudio del liderazgo, en cuanto éste puede afectar la forma en que las personas son lideradas al interior de la organización.

Poder e influencia en el liderazgo transformacional

Como proyecto de grado, el presente trabajo consiste en una revisión teórica de los conceptos de liderazgo, poder e influencia, junto con las posibles relaciones que entre ellos se pueden presentar. Para ello, cada concepto es definido de manera individual, y con base en ello, se identifica la dependencia que tienen estos conceptos entre sí y la importancia dentro del desarrollo del liderazgo transformacional actual. Para lograr lo propuesto, se llevó a cabo la revisión de una parte de la literatura académica presente en libros, revistas académicas, bases de datos y documentos relacionados con los temas y conceptos tratados. A partir de ello, se entendió la evolución del concepto del liderazgo y los enfoques presentados desde la década de los 1920´s hasta la actualidad, junto con el modelo de rango total y el tipo transaccional y transformacional del liderazgo, para luego definir el papel y la importancia de los conceptos de poder, los tipos de poder, la influencia y las tácticas de influencia, y así, identificar las posibles relaciones que se presentan entre los conceptos y la importancia de estos en el entorno organizacional actual.

Oralidade, leitura e escrita numa criança com défice cognitivo

RESUMO: Este projecto de intervenção, fundamentado na investigação/acção, teve como objectivo melhorar a oralidade, leitura e escrita funcionais numa aluna com Défice cognitivo moderado e, consequentemente, promover a sua inclusão em contexto escolar, bem como desenvolver nos restantes colegas atitudes de entreajuda, respeito e cooperação. Decorreu de Fevereiro de 2009 até Junho do mesmo ano. “B” é o nome fictício da aluna em estudo que, aquando a nossa intervenção, frequentava o 3º ano do 1º ciclo numa escola pública. A escolha da questão de partida prendeu-se com a emergência de dar resposta à necessidade que os pais, professores e a criança em questão tinham para que esta desenvolvesse competências de leitura, expressão oral e escrita O enquadramento teórico teve como objectivo facilitar a compreensão da intervenção. Para recolher informações sobre a “B” e sobre os contextos em que a mesma estava inserida, utilizámos como suporte metodológico, a pesquisa documental, o teste sociométrico, as entrevistas semi-directivas à professora de turma e à professora de Educação Especial, a observação naturalista e questionários à mãe da aluna. Foi feito um trabalho conjunto com a professora do ensino regular, com a professora de educação especial e com os pais, no sentido de delinear as estratégias/actividades mais benéficas, de modo a dar resposta às competências a desenvolver com a aluna. No fim da nossa intervenção, em Junho de 2009, esta já sabia escrever o seu nome sem modelo, desenvolveu o vocabulário e melhorou a construção frásica oral. Ao seu ritmo, envolveu-se mais nas actividades da sala de aula. Na aquisição de conceitos e competências, estas tiveram de ser muito simples, reais e concretas para que fossem adquiridas e aplicadas. No entanto, ainda tinha dificuldade em concentrar a atenção sem ajuda. No que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento da linguagem, o discurso utilizado pela “B” melhorou significativamente, passando a construir frases simples com linguagem mais perceptiva, apesar de comunicar com frases curtas e com pouca expressividade. ABSTRACT: This intervention project, based on research / action, was aimed to improve speaking, reading and writing skills in a functional student with moderate cognitive deficit, promote her inclusion in the school context and develop mutual help, respect and cooperation in her classmates attitudes. It ran from February until June, 2009."B" is the fictional name of the student in this study that during our intervention, attended the 3rd year of Primary school in a public school. The choice of the starting point had to do with the urgency of answering the parents, teachers and the child needs in what concerns the development of the reading, writing and speaking skills. The theoretical framework was aimed to facilitate understanding of the intervention. To gather information about "B" and the contexts in which she was placed, it was used, as a methodological support, research documents, the sociometric test, the semi-directive interviews to the class teacher and the Special Education teacher, the naturalist observation and the questionnaires to the student’s mother. Team work was done with the class teacher, the Special Education teacher and the parents, to outline the strategies / activities most beneficial, in order to establish the skills to be developed with the student. At the end of our intervention in June 2009, she could already write her name without a model, had developed and improved vocabulary oral sentence construction. At her own pace, she became more involved in the classroom activities. Concepts and skills acquisition had to be very simple, real and concrete to be acquired and applied. However, she still had some difficulty in focusing attention without help. What concerns language development, “B” has improved significantly from the simple sentences in more perceptive language, although she still communicates with short sentences and with little expression.

Evaluation of sentence list equivalency for the TIMIT sentences by cochlear implant recipients

The equivalency of 34 TIMIT sentence lists was evaluated using adult cochlear implant recipients to determine if they should be recommended for future clinical or research use. Because these sentences incorporate gender, dialect and speaking rate variations, they have the potential to better represent speech recognition abilities in real-world communication situations.

Binaural prediction of speech intelligibility in reverberant rooms with multiple noise sources

When speech is in competition with interfering sources in rooms, monaural indicators of intelligibility fail to take account of the listener’s abilities to separate target speech from interfering sounds using the binaural system. In order to incorporate these segregation abilities and their susceptibility to reverberation, Lavandier and Culling [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127, 387–399 (2010)] proposed a model which combines effects of better-ear listening and binaural unmasking. A computationally efficient version of this model is evaluated here under more realistic conditions that include head shadow, multiple stationary noise sources, and real-room acoustics. Three experiments are presented in which speech reception thresholds were measured in the presence of one to three interferers using real-room listening over headphones, simulated by convolving anechoic stimuli with binaural room impulse-responses measured with dummy-head transducers in five rooms. Without fitting any parameter of the model, there was close correspondence between measured and predicted differences in threshold across all tested conditions. The model’s components of better-ear listening and binaural unmasking were validated both in isolation and in combination. The computational efficiency of this prediction method allows the generation of complex “intelligibility maps” from room designs. © 2012 Acoustical Society of America