AVALIAÇÃO TOMOGRÁFICA DA INCLINAÇÃO E DAS TÁBUAS ÓSSEAS VESTIBULAR E LINGUAL DE INCISIVOS NO TRATAMENTO DA CLASSE II DIVISÃO 1 COM O APARELHO FORSUS®

O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo foi avaliar os efeitos do aparelho Forsus® nos incisivos centrais superiores e inferiores. A amostra constituiu-se de 22 tomografias computadorizadas de 11 pacientes (sexo masculino e feminino) idade média de 15,8 anos com má oclusão de Classe II que foram tratados com o aparelho Forsus® na clínica do programa de pós-graduação em Odontologia, área de concentração Ortodontia, da Universidade Metodista de São Paulo. As tomografias foram obtidas em dois momentos T1 (final de nivelamento e antes da instalação do Forsus® e T2 (remoção do Forsus®). Para avaliar a distância do ápice até a tábua óssea, as imagens a serem examinadas foram obtidas com o auxílio do viewer do próprio i-CAT® , o iCATVision® e examinadas com o CorelDRAW X5® já para as medidas cefalométricas IMPA e 1.PP as imagens cefalométricas ortogonais foram obtidas em proporção 1:1 com auxílio do software Dolphin 3D® (Dolphin Imaging and Management Solutions, Chatsworth, EUA) e em seguida examinadas com o software Radiocef Studio 2 (Radio Memory, Belo Horizonte, Brasil). Para a obtenção do erro intra-examinador foi feito o teste t de Student pareado para o erro sistemático e a fórmula de DAHLBERG para estimar a ordem de grandeza dos erros casuais e na análise estatística dos resultados utilizou-se: o teste t para a determinação das diferenças entres as fases de observação e o teste de correlação de Pearson para avaliar a correlação entres as alterações. Observou-se: um aumento significativo (p<0,05) tanto no IMPA quanto no 1.PP, aproximação do ápice dos incisivos inferiores da tábua óssea lingual, aproximação do ápice dos incisivos superiores da tábua óssea vestibular, uma correlação negativa muito forte entre o IMPA e a distância do ápice do incisivo até a tábua óssea lingual e uma correlação negativa moderada entre 1.PP e a distância do ápice do incisivo até a tábua óssea vestibular. Sendo assim o aparelho Forsus® no tratamento da Classe II teve como efeito: vestibularização significativa dos incisivos centrais inferiores, uma verticalização significativa dos incisivos centrais superiores, aproximação do ápice dos incisivos inferiores da cortical óssea lingual e aproximação do ápice dos incisivos superiores da cortical óssea vestibular.

Anarchy In The Airways

In his dialogue - Anarchy In The Airways - Joseph C. Von Kornfeld, Assistant Professor, College of Hotel Administration, University of Nevada, Las Vegas initially states: “Deregulation of the airline industry has brought about financial vulnerability for the traveling public. The author analyzes the situation since that point in time and makes recommendations for some solutions.” In this article, Assistant Professor Von Kornfeld, first defines the airline industry in its pre-regulated form. Then he goes into the ramifications and results of deregulating the industry, both in regards to the consumer, and in deregulation’s impact on the airlines themselves. “The most dramatic consequence of the pressures and turbulence of airline deregulation has been the unprecedented proliferation of airline bankruptcies,” Von Kornfeld informs. “Prior to the deregulation of the U.S. airline industry in 1978, U.S. air carriers operated in a business environment that was insulated from the normal stresses and strains of open competition. They were restricted from actively competing with fares and routings by the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB),” Von Kornfeld says. In leveling the playing field, Von Kornfeld offers, “Each carrier was restricted to specific geographic routes, with those routes limited to two or three competing carriers. The only thing that set carriers apart in this CAB defined atmosphere was their ability to either advertise, or to enhance their level of service; or both. “…ultimately paid for by the passenger through fare increases sanctioned by the CAB,” Von Kornfeld states. “Airline service standards were unquestionably superior during the regulated environment,” Von Kornfeld renders an interesting observation. He does mention, however, that carrier safety was also considered a concern immediately prior to, and then after deregulation. “The major controversy focused on the allegation that safety and maintenance standards would be compromised due to the financial pressures brought about by an openly competitive environment,” Von Kornfeld says. Pricing, as well as labor unions are important factors in the equation, and Von Kornfeld addresses their relevance in the deregulated environment. “The primary rationalization for deregulation was to facilitate a more openly competitive environment. The increased competition was to ultimately have benefitted the consumer. Ironically, that’s not entirely the case, Von Kornfeld elaborates. In addressing some of the negative aspects of airline deregulation, Von Kornfeld suggests that some sort of federal re-regulation may be in order.

Application of Volterra Equations to Solve Unit Commitment Problem of Optimised Energy Storage and Generation

Development of reliable methods for optimised energy storage and generation is one of the most imminent challenges in modern power systems. In this paper an adaptive approach to load leveling problem using novel dynamic models based on the Volterra integral equations of the first kind with piecewise continuous kernels. These integral equations efficiently solve such inverse problem taking into account both the time dependent efficiencies and the availability of generation/storage of each energy storage technology. In this analysis a direct numerical method is employed to find the least-cost dispatch of available storages. The proposed collocation type numerical method has second order accuracy and enjoys self-regularization properties, which is associated with confidence levels of system demand. This adaptive approach is suitable for energy storage optimisation in real time. The efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated on the Single Electricity Market of Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

"Dal 1976 al 2006: livellazione semantica del valore dei tempi e dei modi nella didattica dell'italiano L2"

In the paper we present some of the most significant tendencies in Italian LS teaching in the past thirty years (1976 -2006). All of the simplifications concern Italian Verbal Moods: imperative, gerundio presente and gerundio passato, past and present infinitive, congiuntivo trapassato and condizionale composto. In our analysis we want to compare certain features present in the most recent Italian LS grammars with those of the seventies and nineties of the past century.

Magnetic Theory and Applications in the Naples Bay (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy): Magnetic Anomaly Fields and Relationships with Morpho-Structural Lineaments

Magnetic theory and application to a complex volcanic area located in Southern Italy are here discussed showing the example of the Gulf of Naples, located at Southern Italy Tyrrhenian margin. A magnetic anomaly map of the Gulf of Naples has been constructed aimed at highlighting new knowledge on geophysics and volcanology of this area of the Eastern Tyrrhenian margin, characterized by a complex geophysical setting, strongly depending on sea bottom topography. The theoretical aspects of marine magnetometry and multibeam bathymetry have been discussed. Magnetic data processing included the correction of the data for the diurnal variation, the correction of the data for the offset and the leveling of the data as a function of the correction at the cross-points of the navigation lines. Multibeam and single-beam bathymetric data processing has been considered. Magnetic anomaly fields in the Naples Bay have been discussed through a detailed geological interpretation and correlated with main morpho-structural features recognized through morphobathymetric interpretation. Details of magnetic anomalies have been selected, represented and correlated with significant seismic profiles, recorded on the same navigation lines of magnetometry. They include the continental shelf offshore the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex, the outer shelf of the Gulf of Pozzuoli offshore the Phlegrean Fields volcanic complex, the relict volcanic banks of Pentapalummo, Nisida and Miseno, the Gaia volcanic bank on the Naples slope, the western slope of the Dohrn canyon, the Magnaghi canyon’s head and the magnetic anomalies among the Ischia and Procida islands.

Cambios corticales en los dientes anteriores superiores e inferiores con Brackets convencionales, Damon y biofuncional QR en pacientes de trece a veinte y cuatro años

En el mercado existen varios sistemas de tratamiento en ortodoncia, los cuales deben ser estudiados para evitar que causen alteraciones en el periodonto, especialmente en los procesos alveolares corticales, por lo que el objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los cambios óseos alveolares, sean reabsorciones, aposiciones o ningún cambio óseo. Para realizar el estudio, se tomó como muestra tres sistemas de tratamiento: Sistema de Autoligado Damon, Sistema Biofuncional QR y Sistemas Convencionales Roth y MBT, estos brackets se aplicaron en 18 pacientes (seis de cada sistema), los cuales fueron sometidos a una tomografía antes del tratamiento y otra después de finalizada la etapa de alineación y nivelación. En los estudios tomográficos se realizaron trazados para medir en milímetros las corticales alveolares vestibulares, palatina y lingual, de los seis dientes anteriores superiores e inferiores, siendo la muestra total de 216 dientes. Para obtener los resultados del estudio, se ingresaron los datos recolectados en una hoja de cálculo Excel y procesados estadísticamente mediante el software SPSS versión 22, con las pruebas ANOVA y Tukey, obteniendo como resultados en el promedio de reabsorción ósea total p= 0,05 y con el Sistema Biofuncional QR una significancia de p= 0,025, en este último se demostró la presencia de aposición en la cortical lingual mandibular. Se concluyó que todos los sistemas de tratamiento causan reabsorciones óseas, siendo el Sistema Damon el de mayor reabsorción, seguido del Sistema convencional y luego el Sistema Biofuncional QR, produciendo este último una aposición estadísticamente significante. En los dientes anterosuperiores no existieron cambios óseos significativos y en los dientes anteroinferiores las mayores reabsorciones fueron en las piezas 42 y 32 y aposición en la pieza 41

Impacto del Programa de Alimentación Escolar en el Trabajo Infantil: Una aproximación desde la toma de decisiones familiares

Esta investigación analiza el impacto del Programa de Alimentación Escolar en el trabajo infantil en Colombia a través de varias técnicas de evaluación de impacto que incluyen emparejamiento simple, emparejamiento genético y emparejamiento con reducción de sesgo. En particular, se encuentra que este programa disminuye la probabilidad de que los escolares trabajen alrededor de un 4%. Además, se explora que el trabajo infantil se reduce gracias a que el programa aumenta la seguridad alimentaria, lo que consecuentemente cambia las decisiones de los hogares y anula la carga laboral en los infantes. Son numerosos los avances en primera infancia llevados a cabo por el Estado, sin embargo, estos resultados sirven de base para construir un marco conceptual en el que se deben rescatar y promover las políticas públicas alimentarias en toda la edad escolar.