Pentastomíase em roedor no estado da Bahia. Nota sobre o encontro de Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1835) Sambon, 1922

Foi identificado em um roedor silvestre Zigodontomys pixuna Moojen, 1943), capturado no interior do Estado da Bahia, eyemplar de Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1835) Sambon, 1922, um agente etiológico da pentastomíase humana na Ásia. Este encontro se faz pela primeira vez na América.

Notes of Lutzomya (Helcocyrtomyia) trinidadensis (Newstead, 1922) (Diptera: Psychodidae-Phlebotominae)

A re-examination of the syntypes of Lutzomyia (Helcocyrtomyia) trinidadensis (Newstead,1922) in the British Museum (Natural History) led to the designation of a lectotype male and a paralectotype female, and both are now described. On the basis of these descriptions, the status of forms previously placed in synonymy with L. trinidadensis is discussed.

Parasites of the flatfish Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner, 1867) (Pleuronectiformes) from northern Chile

Three species of protistan and 22 species of metazoan parasites were obtained from a sample of 179 flatfish, (Paralichthys adspersus) taken-off Antofagasta, northern Chile. Prevalence of infection of seven parasites (Protista: 1, Copepoda: 2, Digenea: 1, Acantocephala: 1, Nematoda: 2) was significantly and positively correlated with host size. Host's sex do not seem to affect prevalence of infection, except for Nybelinia surmenicola, Capillaria sp. and Anisakis sp. (prevalence of infection significantly greater in males than females) and Philometra sp. (prevalence higher in females). Mean abundance is correlated with size in nine species (Protista: 1, Copepoda: 2, Digenea: 3, Acantocephala: 1, Nematoda: 2). Host's sex do not affect mean abundance, except for Cainocreadium sp. and Philometra sp.(mean abundance higher in females) and Nybelinia surmenicola, Capillaria sp. and Anisakis sp. (mean abundance higher in males).

Registros noticiosos sobre a escola profissional de enfermeiros e enfermeiras na revista "O Brazil-Médico", 1890-1922

Estudo histórico descritivo com o objetivo de identificar registros noticiosos sobre a Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto, antiga Escola Profissional de Enfermeiros e Enfermeiras (EPEE), veiculadas na revista mencionada no período referido. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental como técnica de pesquisa. A revista foi publicada de forma ininterrupta durante esse período de 32 anos e 1.632 exemplares foram consultados. Foram encontradas 16 notícias alusivas à EPEE, ao Hospital Nacional de Alienados, à Enfermagem e Cursos de Enfermagem. Desse total, apenas cinco notícias referiam-se diretamente à EPEE. Analisando seu conteúdo despontam duas idéias fundamentais: 1) a EPEE teve duas inaugurações, em 1897 e 1906, o que ratifica o Decreto de criação em 27/09/1890; e, 2) a dificuldade de operacionalização da EPEE, àquela época, em virtude da baixa qualificação dos candidatos a alunos.

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy.

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.

Le roman de Christine : roman dramatique / Georges Spitzmuller

Collection : Le livre national ; n° 293