Classificação de imagens de ambientes coralinos: uma abordagem empregando uma combinação de classificadores e máquina de vetor de suporte

The use of the maps obtained from remote sensing orbital images submitted to digital processing became fundamental to optimize conservation and monitoring actions of the coral reefs. However, the accuracy reached in the mapping of submerged areas is limited by variation of the water column that degrades the signal received by the orbital sensor and introduces errors in the final result of the classification. The limited capacity of the traditional methods based on conventional statistical techniques to solve the problems related to the inter-classes took the search of alternative strategies in the area of the Computational Intelligence. In this work an ensemble classifiers was built based on the combination of Support Vector Machines and Minimum Distance Classifier with the objective of classifying remotely sensed images of coral reefs ecosystem. The system is composed by three stages, through which the progressive refinement of the classification process happens. The patterns that received an ambiguous classification in a certain stage of the process were revalued in the subsequent stage. The prediction non ambiguous for all the data happened through the reduction or elimination of the false positive. The images were classified into five bottom-types: deep water; under-water corals; inter-tidal corals; algal and sandy bottom. The highest overall accuracy (89%) was obtained from SVM with polynomial kernel. The accuracy of the classified image was compared through the use of error matrix to the results obtained by the application of other classification methods based on a single classifier (neural network and the k-means algorithm). In the final, the comparison of results achieved demonstrated the potential of the ensemble classifiers as a tool of classification of images from submerged areas subject to the noise caused by atmospheric effects and the water column

Análise e classificação de imagens de lesões da pele por atributos de cor, forma e textura utilizando máquina de vetor de suporte

The skin cancer is the most common of all cancers and the increase of its incidence must, in part, caused by the behavior of the people in relation to the exposition to the sun. In Brazil, the non-melanoma skin cancer is the most incident in the majority of the regions. The dermatoscopy and videodermatoscopy are the main types of examinations for the diagnosis of dermatological illnesses of the skin. The field that involves the use of computational tools to help or follow medical diagnosis in dermatological injuries is seen as very recent. Some methods had been proposed for automatic classification of pathology of the skin using images. The present work has the objective to present a new intelligent methodology for analysis and classification of skin cancer images, based on the techniques of digital processing of images for extraction of color characteristics, forms and texture, using Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) and learning techniques called Support Vector Machine (SVM). The Wavelet Packet Transform is applied for extraction of texture characteristics in the images. The WPT consists of a set of base functions that represents the image in different bands of frequency, each one with distinct resolutions corresponding to each scale. Moreover, the characteristics of color of the injury are also computed that are dependants of a visual context, influenced for the existing colors in its surround, and the attributes of form through the Fourier describers. The Support Vector Machine is used for the classification task, which is based on the minimization principles of the structural risk, coming from the statistical learning theory. The SVM has the objective to construct optimum hyperplanes that represent the separation between classes. The generated hyperplane is determined by a subset of the classes, called support vectors. For the used database in this work, the results had revealed a good performance getting a global rightness of 92,73% for melanoma, and 86% for non-melanoma and benign injuries. The extracted describers and the SVM classifier became a method capable to recognize and to classify the analyzed skin injuries

Sistema inteligente para diagnóstico de patologias na laringe utilizando máquinas de vetor de suporte

The human voice is an important communication tool and any disorder of the voice can have profound implications for social and professional life of an individual. Techniques of digital signal processing have been used by acoustic analysis of vocal disorders caused by pathologies in the larynx, due to its simplicity and noninvasive nature. This work deals with the acoustic analysis of voice signals affected by pathologies in the larynx, specifically, edema, and nodules on the vocal folds. The purpose of this work is to develop a classification system of voices to help pre-diagnosis of pathologies in the larynx, as well as monitoring pharmacological treatments and after surgery. Linear Prediction Coefficients (LPC), Mel Frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the coefficients obtained through the Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) are applied to extract relevant characteristics of the voice signal. For the classification task is used the Support Vector Machine (SVM), which aims to build optimal hyperplanes that maximize the margin of separation between the classes involved. The hyperplane generated is determined by the support vectors, which are subsets of points in these classes. According to the database used in this work, the results showed a good performance, with a hit rate of 98.46% for classification of normal and pathological voices in general, and 98.75% in the classification of diseases together: edema and nodules

Apropriação de novas mídias por estudantes universitárias

It is an investigation that seeks to reveal, record and analyze the process of appropriation and use of digital media by university students, aged between 40 and 60 years. Interested in studying how changes are perceived in the educational sphere for students Whois have gone through liberal/traditional school, ie, effected the first contact with technological devices media as adults, in the university. This investigation sought to contribute to the knowledge on the use of new learning strategies imposed by digital media by recording and analyzing the reports surveyed sample. Allowed to know the cultural universe of these women, revealing the context in which receive mediated messages and uses that maré these learning strategies within their daily academic life. Gathered in this work, reflexions guided by studies of media reception and role played by digital media as builders images and facilitators in knowledging acquisitions, it was chosen to work two main theorical notions: communication media and digital inclusion. As the research methodology, it was used the exploratory descriptive technical together with other appropriate tecniques. In ordem to approach the problem can be observed two phases: a quantitative one, which was used an investigative procedure, a survey data with closed questions; and a qualitative phase, which was used to collect data through a diary from situations encountered in the classroom. The main objective of analyzing how digital media are received, appropriated and used by university women has been fulfilled and it is remarkable that they access with dificulty and can not be considered included digitally. The results show that the problem of these agents is not the access, there are was of appropriation of digital media offered at IES, and it was possible to note that they seek to integrate to the technological world, and they even have devices that can insert them on this world. Insertion in cyberculture sets up the ability to find a favorable way to be aware of reality and production of knowledge and liberating and dignifying practices, in this case refers to an appropriation of citizenship through the field of technological devices offered as a perspective that they can interact

Mídias sociais e práticas de participação política: um estudo de caso das eleições municipais 2012, em Natal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Comunicar e interagir em novos espaços: o uso das mídias sociais no Sistema de Bibliotecas da UFRN

This study discusses about the practice of communication in libraries from the appropriation of the resources of web 2.0, particularly social media, establishing from the aspects of mediatization new communication scenarios in their environments. Aims at understanding how in the contemporary society, the libraries, that symbolize traditional space in the search for information and knowledge, modify their contexts through technological resources involved in your scenario, and specifically checks as the process of mediatization is inserted into the communication practices and interaction of libraries, noting the relevance of the ownership of social media, especially twitter and facebook, by the libraries of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN. Use as methodological procedures, a theoretical approach concerning the conceptual research to investigate issues relating to social media, communication practice, mediatization and network society, and is characterized by being a descriptive exploratory research, of qualitative nature with adoption of the inductive method, using interviews and direct observation, analyzing reconfiguration scenario of university libraries located in UFRN. Thus, with the of the study, expected to be possible to give an overview of how to establish the use of social media in the scenario investigated by checking the new possibilities of communication, outreach services, information dissemination and interaction with user

O lugar do estudo das mídias na formação de professores numa perspectiva emancipatória

The media currently play a dual role in the physical and symbolic structure of social organization. It is through the media that companies have achieved control of their distribution and production. It is not only through the media, but mainly so, that certain world views circulate and are legitimized. Access to material and symbolic goods has become a mark of social distinction. The project of a more democratic society also involves the preparation of its citizens to be able both to deal with the media products that already circulate as well as to develop a critical perspective of media products. This research stemmed from the need to understand what place this study of the media occupies in training for teachers in early grades, given that children are already immersed in a media world from an early age. This research shows that this is a place which is under construction and despite the existing adverse conditions, emancipatory practices are being developed. The research is guided by the study of the media in teacher education from an emancipatory perspective. This perspective develops in a time that, in this case, has proved slow and fragmented, but not nonexistent. The process of teacher training is influenced by working conditions and educational policies that hinder both working with the media in school and also improving the critical understanding of the media. The research shows that training opportunities, even in these conditions, can allow for more meaningful criticism. The emancipatory perspective also includes a reflection on practices. These practices are being developed and this research sought to provide support for a proposed study of the media from this perspective

Modelagem Matemática e Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação: a realidade do mundo cibernético como um vetor de virtualização

Neste artigo construímos um entrelaçamento teórico-filosófico que tem como objetivo discutir a relação entre Modelagem Matemática e realidade do mundo cibernético. em particular, essa abrangência da realidade é evidenciada como um possível vetor de virtualização, isto é, como um aspecto que pode influenciar o modo como a problemática que envolve uma determinada situação ou entidade é compreendida. Para tanto, fazemos uma associação entre Modelagem Matemática e as transformações que envolvem os modos de ser denotados por real, possível, atual e virtual, tendo como base ilustrativa as quatro causas aristotélicas. Complementando essa associação, assumimos uma concepção de problema que permite uma consolidação entre as relações estabelecidas e, também, uma concepção de realidade que entende o mundo cibernético como uma de suas dimensões. Por fim, apresentamos um exemplo de Modelagem Matemática ocorrido em sala de aula, que visa caracterizar a realidade do mundo cibernético como um vetor de virtualização.

Gestão da tecnologia: desafios para as pequenas e médias empresas

Este trabalho discute a gestão da tecnologia ern pequenas e medias empresas tradicionais da área de manufaturados. Ele analisa aspectos estratégicos e operacionais através de um modelo conceitual simplificado, com base em referências bibliográficas e pesquisa exploratória(survey). Foram detectados alguns aspectos importantes : limitada integração entre planejamento de tecnologia e de produto/mercado; vulnerabilidade tecnológica com relação a direitos de propriedade industrial; dificuldades financeiras para desenvolvimento, capacitação tecnológica limitada; e limitação de mudanças organizacionais de transição. Uma questão importante seria a construção de mecanismos externos de colaboração para essas empresas, com difusão de práticas da gestão da tecnologia e parceria para desenvolvimento de produtos.

Pequenas e médias empresas no contexto da gestão da qualidade total

Este trabalho analisa a gestão da qualidade em organizações, envolvendo pequenas e médias empresas do setor de manufaturados, utilizando um modelo conceitual que envolve aspectos estratégicos e operacionais da gestão da qualidade. Através de referências bibliográficas e pesquisa de campo encaminha uma análise da gestão da qualidade nessas organizações, concluindo que existem dificuldades nesse campo. Existe indicação da necessidade de desenvolvimento de procedimentos e metodologias especificas para essa categoria de organização.

O centro instantâneo de movimento e vetor velocidade em joelhos submetidos a incisuroplastia troclear e estabilização articular após transecção do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães

Avaliou-se o centro instantâneo de movimento e vetor velocidade após a transecção do ligamento cruzado cranial (LCCr), seguida da substituição ligamentar por retalho de fáscia lata, associada ou não a incisuroplastia troclear (ITR) em nove cães adultos. O joelho direito (GI) foi submetido a ITR e posterior estabilização articular, e o joelho esquerdo submetido somente a substituição ligamentar (GC). Os animais foram avaliados nos períodos pré-operatório, pós-operatório imediato e aos 30, 90 e 180 de pós-operatório, correspondente ao momento de eutanásia de subgrupos de três animais. O centro instantâneo de movimento (CIM) e o vetor velocidade (Vv) resultante foram determinados por meio do deslocamento de pontos a partir da análise radiográfica dos joelhos. Todas as articulações apresentavam CIM e Vv normais antes da transecção do ligamento cruzado cranial. Após a estabilização articular, acompanhada ou não de ITR, observou-se o posicionamento normal do CIM e Vv resultante, em todos os períodos de avaliação, apesar da presença de movimento de gaveta em três animais de GC e dois de GI no pós-operatório imediato, em dois animais de cada grupo, aos 30 dias de avaliação, e em um animal em cada grupo nas avaliações subseqüentes. Conclui-se que a estabilização articular com retalho de fáscia lata, associada ou não a ITR, mantém a integridade biomecânica do joelho, quando considerados o CIM e o Vv.

Tamanho de amostra para a estimativa das médias decendiais de radiação solar global no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Com o objetivo de verificar a variabilidade temporal e espacial do tamanho de amostra da radiação solar global média decendial, de 22 locais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizaram-se séries de dados de radiação solar global do período de 1956 a 2003. Determinou-se o tamanho de amostra da radiação solar global média decendial em cada decêndio e local e agruparam-se os decêndios e os locais pelo método hierárquico 'vizinho mais distante'. Há variabilidade do tamanho de amostra (número de anos) para a estimativa da radiação solar global média decendial no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul no tempo e no espaço. Maior tamanho é necessário nos decêndios dos meses de junho, julho, agosto e setembro em relação aos outros meses. Para os locais e decêndios estudados, 30 anos de observações são suficientes para estimar a média (µ) de radiação solar global média decendial, para um erro de estimação igual a 12.3%, com coeficiente de confiança de 95%.

Dos desvios das médias dos grupos contemporâneos aos modelos animais

O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar a reparametrização de um modelo de desvios das médias dos grupos contemporâneos até um modelo animal não-restrito (equações dos modelos mistos de Lush - EMML). Aplicando restrições sobre as EMML, foi obtido o modelo animal segundo Henderson (equações dos modelos mistos de Henderson - EMMH). Para obter as EMMH, restrições do tipo X'A-1λ aH = 0 foram impostas e estas geraram a necessidade de pressuposições fortes, como ausência de seleção, para que as propriedades das EMMH pudessem ser provadas. Para diferentes situações examinadas, as restrições foram confirmadas. O somatório destas restrições pode ser erroneamente interpretado como propriedade das soluções de um modelo animal de que os animais-base tenham a soma dos seus valores genéticos igual a zero.

Processo educativo: sociedade e natureza. As Geociencias como vetor no processo educativo

This paper presents methodological questions and new ideas related to the Geosciences concepts and its development in association to the Natural Sciences study for Elementary and Basic Schools. Special attention has been focused to the NIMEC', a project responsible for programs to the Natural Sciences progress and global information in the Environmental Education. The geologic environment relationships constitute the demarcator that includes some Environmental Education matter. Interdisciplinary focus seems to be the most adequate way to the necessary community participation. -English summary

As políticas de apoio à geração e difusão de tecnologias para as pequenas e médias empresas no Brasil

Incluye Bibliografía