Liderazgo y Clima Organizacional en un Colegio de Cundinamarca. Lineamientos Básicos para su Intervención

El propósito de este estudio fue describir y analizar el liderazgo de los directivos y el clima organizacional presentes en un Colegio de Cundinamarca y con base en ello, plantear algunos lineamientos para su intervención. Para tal fin se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, donde el liderazgo y el clima organizacional se midieron a través de dos instrumentos: el Test de Adjetivos de Pitcher (PAT) (Pitcher, 1997) y la Escala del Clima Organizacional (ECO) (Fernándes, 2008), respectivamente. La aplicación de estos instrumentos se realizó de forma colectiva, para lo cual se trabajó con los directivos, los docentes y los estudiantes de los grados noveno, décimo y undécimo del Colegio, que constituyeron el grupo estudiado. Para el caso de los educandos, los test se aplicaron con previo consentimiento de los padres. De acuerdo con los resultados, el Colegio estudiado denota ciertas dificultades respecto al liderazgo y algunos problemas de Clima Organizacional que deben ser intervenidos de manera prioritaria. La comunidad educativa estudiada registra una inconformidad mayoritaria en la forma en que se ejerce el liderazgo, bien sea por ausencia del mismo, o por ejercerse de formas no deseadas a la luz de las teorías y de la práctica.

El patronato Cervantes de M??xico y los colegios de provincia del exilio pedag??gico del 1939

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

El Patronato Cervantes de M??xico y los colegios de provincias del exilio pedag??gico de 1939

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

La planificación estratégica en escenarios de educación superior : el caso de la universidad Cristóbla Colón.

Se examina la planificación establecida por el gobierno mexicano para la educación superior, comparando distintos programas educativos entre 1996 y 2003. En primer lugar se analiza la reforma propuesta por Antonio Gago en 1989. A continuación se trata el Programa Integral de Fortalecimiento, introducido por la Secretaria de Educación Pública en 2001. También se comenta la planificación estratégica implantada en la Universidad Cristóbal Colón de Veracruz, México. Finalmente, se trata el sistema de certificación de la Federación de Instituciones Particulares de Educación Superior, destinado a definir la calidad de la enseñanza de aquellas instituciones pertenecientes a asociación. Los criterios que conforman el sistema de certificación, se elaboran según una especie de autoestudio que analiza los elementos internos y externos.

Superjuego II.

Experiencia lúdico-cultural que integra, en su desarrollo, a toda la comunidad educativa. Se realiza en el mes de Mayo, durante dos días y fuera del horario lectivo. El objetivo general es fomentar la capacidad organizativa de los alumnos de la Asociación de Estudiantes ADE. Estos alumnos montan, en el patio de recreo, unas casetas temáticas (Educación, Viajes, Economía, Prensa, Actividades culturales y Deportes) distribuidas en forma de circuito. Los participantes han de pasar unas pruebas en cada caseta. Los responsabales de cada caseta presentan una memoria final y una valoración individual. No hay referencias a la evaluación..

El rendimiento escolar en Lengua Española en niños de sexto grado de Primaria.

Evaluar el nivel de influencia de las características de los alumnos, los padres, los docentes, los directores de las escuelas donde estudian y las propias de los centros escolares (variables independientes) en el rendimiento escolar en Lengua Española (variable dependiente) de los estudiantes de 6õ grado de Primaria en el Estado de Veracruz, México. Se toman tres grupos de datos correspondientes a los cursos 1996-1997 (3285 alumnos), 1997-1998 (803 estudiantes) y 1998-1999 (1001 alumnos). Después de obtener los datos de tres grupos de información, se trabaja con ellos para obtener un modelo que sirva de base a futuras predicciones del rendimiento escolar en español de los alumnos de 6õ grado de Primaria en México. Se depura la muestra; se plantea el problema; se establecen los objetivos e hipótesis y se integra el protocolo de investigación a la vez que se recopila información sobre el rendimiento escolar. Se analizan los cinco instrumentos que se utilizan y se calcula la confiabilidad de la prueba de español. Se identifican las variables y se agrupan. Se califica la prueba de español y se codifican las preguntas de los cuestionarios. Se calculan varias veces los modelos de regresión múltiple y se prueban distintas combinaciones de variables hasta llegar a los modelos finales imposibles de mejorar. Se analizan las características de la muestra total en lo que corresponde a alumnos, docentes y escuelas, haciendo gráficas y comparando los datos. Finalmente se elaboran los modelos de regresión múltiple . Prueba de Lengua Española y cinco cuestionarios. Análisis de regresión y Método Stepwise. Se confirma la influencia de las características de los alumnos, padres, docentes, directores y las escuelas en el rendimiento escolar en Lengua Española de los alumnos de 6õ de Primaria. En el primer grupo de datos y en el tercero, se observa que en sus estratos urbanos es mayor la influencia de las características de los alumnos, los padres, los docentes, los directores y las propias escuelas frente al segundo grupo de datos, en el que existe una mayor relación entre las variables predictoras y el rendimiento en el estrato rural. Casi todas las variables que integran la muestra total, estrato urbano y estrato rural, son diferentes. Parece ser que la prueba de Lengua Española utilizada para medir el rendimiento, requiere ser revisada a la luz de las características reales del manejo del curriculum y de los recursos de las escuelas de las comunidades, especialmente las rurales y, a partir de ahí, calcular la confiabilidad. En el caso de la validez de contenido, utilizar expertos idóneos que tengan información y competencia lingüística y/o experiencia en medición pedagógica.

Televisión, actitudes y drogas en adolescentes : investigación sobre sus efectos.

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Production and dissolution rates of earthworm-secreted calcium carbonate

Earthworms secrete granules of calcium carbonate. These are potentially important in soil biogeochemical cycles and are routinely recorded in archaeological studies of Quaternary soils. Production rates of calcium carbonate granules by the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. were determined over 27 days in a range of soils with differing chemical properties (pH, organic matter content, water holding capacity, bulk composition, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations). Production rate varied between soils, lay in the range 0–0.043 mmolCaCO3 (0–4.3 mg) earthworm−1 d−1 with an average rate of 8 × 10−3 mmolCaCO3 (0.8 mg) earthworm−1 d−1 and was significantly correlated (r = 0.68, P ≤ 0.01) with soil pH. In a second experiment lasting 315 days earthworms repeatedly (over periods of 39–57 days) produced comparable masses of granules. Converting individual earthworm granule production rates into fluxes expressed on per hectare of land per year basis depends heavily on estimates of earthworm numbers. Using values of 10–20 L. terrestris m−2 suggests a rate of 18– 3139 molCaCO3 ha−1 yr−1. Data obtained from flow-through dissolution experiments suggest that at near neutral pH, granule geometric surface areanormalised dissolution rates are similar to those for other biogenic and inorganic calcium carbonate. Fits of the data to the dissolution relationship r = k(1 − ˝)n where r = dissolution rate, k = a rate constant, ˝ = relative saturation and n = the reaction order gave values of k = 1.72 × 10−10 mol cm−2 s−1 and n = 1.8 for the geometric surface area-normalised rates and k = 3.51 × 10−13 mol cm−2 s−1 and n = 1.8 for the BET surface area-normalised rates. In 196 day leaching column experiments trends in granule dissolution rate referenced to soil chemistry corresponded to predictions made by the SLIM model for dissolution of limestone in soil. If soil solution approaches saturation with respect to calcium carbonate granule dissolution will slow or even stop and granules be preserved indefinitely. Granules have the potential to be a small but significant component of the biogeochemical cycling of C and Ca in soil.

Changes of a mutualistic network over time: reanalysis over a 10-year period

We analyzed the structure of a multispecific network or interacting ants and plants bearing extrafloral nectaries recorded in 1990 and again in 2000 in La Mancha, Veracruz, Mexico. We assessed the replicability of the number of interactions found among species and also whether there had been changes in the network structure associated with appearance of new ant and plant species during. that 10-year period. Our results show that the nested topology of the network was similar between sampling dates, group dissimilarity increased, mean number of interactions for ant species increased, the frequency distribution of standardized degrees reached higher values for plant species, more ant species and fewer plant species constituted the core of the more recent network, and the presence of new ant and plant species increased while their contribution to nestedness remained the same. Generalist species (i.e., those with the most links or interactions) appeared to maintain the stability of the network because the new species incorporated into the communities were linked to this core of generalists. Camponotus planatus was the most extreme generalist ant species (the one with the most links) in both networks, followed by four other ant species; but other species changed either their position along the continuum of generalists relative to specialists or their presence or absence within the network. Even though new species moved into the area during the decade between the surveys, the overall network structure remained unmodified.

Analysis Of Semi-Distributed And Global Hydrological Models In The Central Tropical Basins Of The Gulf Of Mexico To The Effects Of Extreme Hydrometeorological Phenomena

In the last years extreme hydrometeorological phenomena have increased in number and intensity affecting the inhabitants of various regions, an example of these effects are the central basins of the Gulf of Mexico (CBGM) that they have been affected by 55.2% with floods and especially the state of Veracruz (1999-2013), leaving economic, social and environmental losses. Mexico currently lacks sufficient hydrological studies for the measurement of volumes in rivers, since is convenient to create a hydrological model (HM) suited to the quality and quantity of the geographic and climatic information that is reliable and affordable. Therefore this research compares the semi-distributed hydrological model (SHM) and the global hydrological model (GHM), with respect to the volumes of runoff and achieve to predict flood areas, furthermore, were analyzed extreme hydrometeorological phenomena in the CBGM, by modeling the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) which is a SHM and the Modèle Hydrologique Simplifié à I'Extrême (MOHYSE) which is a GHM, to evaluate the results and compare which model is suitable for tropical conditions to propose public policies for integrated basins management and flood prevention. Thus it was determined the temporal and spatial framework of the analyzed basins according to hurricanes and floods. It were developed the SHM and GHM models, which were calibrated, validated and compared the results to identify the sensitivity to the real model. It was concluded that both models conform to tropical conditions of the CBGM, having MOHYSE further approximation to the real model. Worth mentioning that in Mexico there is not enough information, besides there are no records of MOHYSE use in Mexico, so it can be a useful tool for determining runoff volumes. Finally, with the SHM and the GHM were generated climate change scenarios to develop risk studies creating a risk map for urban planning, agro-hydrological and territorial organization.

Influence of different drying methods on tbe rheological properties of raisins

The rheological parameters of raisins were obtained after three different drying methods: convective, osmo-convective and solar drying. Compression tests were applied to rehydrated samples by using a Texture Analyzer TAXT2i. A mathematical trick was used to determine the stress and area was calculated along the deformation. A power law model could adequately fit stress-true strain curves and parameters; K (measure of stiffness) and n (solid behavior index) were obtained as a function of water activity between 0.755 to 0.432. Results showed that these parameters were strongly dependent on water activity for all drying methods. The constant K, which indicates the resistance against deformation, increased with decreasing water activity. on the other hand, increasing water activity resulted in higher solid behavior indexes, showing a large deviation from the Hookean behavior.

Drying of persimmon: Mathematical model for diffusivity as a simultaneous function of moisture content and shrinkage

Fresh persimmon has a high moisture content (about 85% wet basis) making it highly perishable and requiring adequate drying conditions to obtain an acceptable dehydrated product. Drying kinetics of persimmon cv. Rama Forte was studied in a fixed bed dryer at temperatures ranging from 50 to 80 degreesC and air velocity of 0.8 m/s. Shrinkage during drying was described by a linear correlation with respect to water content. Evaluation of effective diffusivity as a function of moisture content, with undergoing shrinkage during drying was based on Fourier series solution of Fick's diffusion equation. Effective diffusivity values at moisture contents between 0.09 - 4.23 kg water/kg dry matter were found to be in the range of 2.6 x 10(-10) m(2)/s to 5.4 x 10(-10) m(2)/s, and its dependence on air drying temperature was represented by an Arrhenius type equation. Activation energy increased with decreasing water content in persimmons.

Rehydration and shrinkage behaviour of dried pineapple

The shrinking behavior, apparent densities and rehydration indexes of fresh and osmotically pre-treated pineapple slices during air-drying were obtained. The air drying velocity varied from 1.5 to 2.5 m/s and the air temperature from 40 to 70 degreesC. By means of automatic control, it was possible to obtain drying curves under conditions of constant product temperature. Volumetric shrinkage of fresh samples was temperature independent for drying at high air velocities but, at lower velocities, increased with decreasing drying temperature. Osmotically pre-treating the material resulted in reduced shrinkage, as well as drying with product temperature controlled, due to lower drying times needed that led to shorter high temperature exposition. Moisture dependence of apparent density was highly non-linear and could be fitted by an empirical model. Fresh sample rehydration indexes were higher than osmosed ones and increased with increasing temperature, except for pre-treated samples dried at 70 degreesC, probably due to superficial sugar caramelization, which reduced surface water permeability.

Thermodynamic properties applied to the sorption isotherms of kiwifruit

The net isosteric heat and entropy of water sorption were calculated for kiwifruit, based on sorption isotherms obtained by the static gravimetric method at different temperatures (20 to 70 degreesC). The Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer equation was fitted to the experimental data, using direct non-linear regression analysis; the agreement between experimental and calculated values was satisfactory. The net isosteric heat of sorption was estimated from equilibrium sorption data, using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Isosteric heats of sorption were found to increase with increasing temperature and could be well adjusted by an exponential relationship. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was applied to sorption isotherms and plots of DeltaH versus DeltaS provided the isokinetic temperature, T-B = 450.9 +/- 7.7 K, indicating an enthalpy-controlled desorption process over the whole range of moisture content considered.

Indicadores de productividad para la industria portuaria: aplicación en América Latina y el Caribe

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