Compreendendo a experiência de pessoas portadoras de transtorno mental: histórias de vidas severinas repletas de possibilidades

This study aims to understand the experience of people suffering from mental disorder. The patients are enrolled in a mental health ambulatory clinic in the city of Natal (RN). Mental disorders are growing rapidly in the contemporary world and are a source of intense mental suffering. Besides patients being strongly marked by a history of isolation and prejudice, they have been the target of real atrocities committed in the name of preservation of a supposed normality. The understanding and treatment of this disorder is influenced by cultural and historical inferences, depending on the period in which it is experienced. Semi-directed Interviews were conducted with a group of users, with the emphasis on giving voice to their uniqueness and individuality, highlighting how each one perceives his or her own experience. These were recorded and later transcribed by identifying the core of meanings. The results were analyzed under the gaze of the Humanist Phenomenology Existential perspective, which aims to unravel the phenomenon, without truths from volatility, highlighting the existence of the mental disorder as a way of living, being permeated by suffering mental and influenced by social problems, assuming contours very particular to each individual. Some progress has been perceived, even by users, with respect to the change of paradigm in the way of care, but still there is a consistent emphasis on medical and drug use. The changes point to the need for offering services to replace the asylum hospital model, and in addition to accept the bearer of mental disorder as a citizen, a bearer of rights who should be accepted and respected by society. Despite the pain expressed and its close liaison with suicide, their reports are full of perspectives and attitudes of confrontation facing life, pointing to new possibilities to be, recreating itself

Validade e confiabilidade da versão informatizada do inventário Million de estilos de personalidade

Currently, several psychological and non-psychological tests can be found in publishes without standardization on procedures set in different psychological areas, like intelligence, emotional states, attitudes, social skills, vocation, preferences and others. The computerized psychological testing is a extension of traditional testing psychological practices. However, it has own psychometrics qualities, either by its matching in a computerized environment or by the extension that can be developed in it. The current research, developed from a necessity to study process of validity and reliability on a computerized test, drew a methodological structure to provide parallel applications in numerous kinds of operational groups, evaluating the influences of the time and approach in the computerization process. This validity refers to normative values groups, reproducibility in computerized applications process and data processing. Not every psychological test can be computerized. Therefore, our need to find a good test, with quality and plausible properties to transform in computerized application, leaded us to use The Millon Personality Inventory, created by Theodore Millon. This Inventory assesses personality according to 12 bipolarities distributed in 24 factors, distributed in categories motivational styles, cognitive targets and interpersonal relations. This instrument doesn t diagnose pathological features, but test normal and non adaptive aspects in human personality, comparing with Theodore Millon theory of personality. In oder to support this research in a Brazilian context in psychological testing, we discuss the theme, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of such practices. Also we discuss the current forms in computerization of psychological testing and the main specific criteria in this psychometric specialized area of knowledge. The test was on-line, hosted in the site http://www.planetapsi.com, during the years of 2007 and 2008, which was available a questionnaire to describe social characteristics before test. A report was generated from the data entry of each user. An application of this test was conducted in a linear way through a national coverage in all Brazil regions, getting 1508 applications. Were organized nine groups, reaching 180 applications in test and retest subject, where three periods of time and three forms of retests for studies of on-line tests were separated. Parallel to this, we organized multi-application session offline group, 20 subjects who received tests by email. The subjects of this study were generally distributed by the five Brazilian regions, and were noticed about the test via the Internet. The performance application in traditional and on-line tested groups subsidies us to conclude that on-line application provides significantly consistency in all criteria for validity studied and justifies its use. The on-line test results were related not only among themselves but were similar to those data of tests done on pencil and paper (0,82). The retests results demonstrated correlation, between 0,92 and, 1 while multisessions had a good correlation in these comparisons. Moreover, were assessed the adequacy of operational criteria used, such as security, the performance of users, the environmental characteristics, the organization of the database, operational costs and limitations in this on-line inventory. In all these five items, there were excellent performances, concluding, also, that it s possible a self-applied psychometric test. The results of this work are a guide to question and establish of methodologies studies for computerization psychological testing software in the country

Aplicabilidade do Rorshach na avaliação psicológica do autismo

This study investigates the applicability of the Rorschach Method for evaluating the personality of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).The relevance of this study is justified by the limited number of investigations published in the research literature concerning the use of psychological tests used for evaluating the personality of individuals with ASD. The Rorschach Method was chosen as an appropriate instrument considering it reveals the personality s basic structure, including characteristics of the affectivity, sensuality, inner life, mental resources, psychic energy and general characteristics and intellectual state of the individual. The general objective of this investigation consisted of verifying the applicability of the use the Rorschach Method in the evaluation of the characteristics of people's personality with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The study also sought to identify perceptive factors of the personality structure of individuals with ASD, provide contributions of the understanding of this syndrome, seeking the establishment of possible therapeutic interventions starting from diagnostic by Rorschach Method. In addition, this investigation aims at verifying the adequacy of using the Rorschach Method as an instrument for evaluating the personality characteristics of individuals with ASD and its possible use in Brazil, starting from preliminary normative results. Participants consisted of 44 youngsters and adults, both genders with age range 14 - 39 years-old (average: 23.5 years-old) distributed in 2 groups. Group 1: composed with 22 youngsters and adults with clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (communication impairments, social interaction deficits, restricted and repetitive interests and activities); Group 2: composed with 22 youngsters and adults with typical behavior. The participants were paired to gender and age, individually. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were applied to evaluate statistical differences between the groups, considering demographic and social data. The results indicate the presence of restricted interest or difficulty in the expression of the social and affective interaction of people with ASD. However, the need of broader normative studies concerning the use of personality evaluation instruments for people with ASD is warranted. These investigations could help understand the psychic dynamism of this population, offering subsidies that can be added to the current techniques of diagnosis. The Rorschach Method is susceptible to application but it is necessary to respect the individual limitations of these people and to establish more criterions about the spectrum

Rendimento acadêmico e sua relação com os estilos de personalidade de estudantes universitários

One of the Psychology challenges, especially among the assessment and educational areas, is to understand and predict individual differences. In this context, this research aimed to verify the personality styles of students with high and low academic performance. The study included 236 university students from Petrolina-PE and Juazeiro-BA campus of the UNIVASF (Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco). They were uniformly distributed in four disciplines (medicine, psychology, administration and civil engineering), 10 students from each semester (five highest scores average students and five lowest scores average students) took place of the sample. The Millon Index Personality Styles (MIPS) was applied to analyze the personality/behavioral styles of the students. The MIPS is a 180 dichotomous (true/false) item scale. It was also developed and applied a questionnaire about the students characteristics and their academic information. Descriptive and central tendency statistics analysis (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage) were done to provide sample information. Then we performed a Mann-Whitney test in the overall sample and in each course and a factorial ANOVA. The results suggest that the university population is heterogeneous and there are significant differences (p <0.05) between the personality styles of students with high and low academic performance, when analyzing the overall sample and in courses of different areas of knowledge. Students of Medicine who have higher performance as personality styles prevalent the conformism and compliance, while students with lower income in this course, the styles are: innovation and discrepancy. Psychology students with higher income are more systematic and lower income students to score significantly on accommodation. The civil engineering students of the two groups differed only in personality style intuition, being such a style more characteristic of higher income students. Students of Management with higher yield stand out more in the style of the doubt and lower yields in these styles: individual, reflection and discrepancy. This study is correlational, but had an exploratory nature because there are no studies about this relationship in Brazil. Therefore, it provided a better understanding of the action characteristics of students with high and low academic performance. Further studies using the Big Five Personality Factors instruments are required because it is the most used model in understanding the influence of personality on students performance. This way, the relation between personality and academic performance will be better discussed. Otherwise, it will be possible to compare with the existing studies in the area

Caracterização de aspectos da cognição social, habilidades sociais e funções executivas de crianças diagnosticadas com transtorno autista e transtorno de asperger

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Associação entre classe econômica e estresse na ocorrência da disfunção temporomandibular

Objetivou-se neste estudo verificar a associação da classe econômica e do estresse com a ocorrência de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). A população deste estudo constituiu-se de uma amostra estatisticamente significativa de 354 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, pertencentes a diferentes classes econômicas da zona urbana do município de Piacatu, São Paulo, Brasil. Para isso, utilizou-se o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB) para a estratificação econômica da população. Retirou-se uma amostra de cada estrato, na qual aplicou-se o Questionário de Fonseca para verificar o grau de DTM, e a Escala de Reajustamento Social (SRRS) para verificar o grau de estresse. Os dados coletados foram tabulados por meio do programa Epi Info 2000, versão 3.2, e analisados estatisticamente por meio do Teste Qui-Quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Os chefes das famílias foram assim distribuídos: 4 famílias pertencentes à Classe A2, 14 à Classe B1, 25 à Classe B2, 112 à Classe C, 174 à Classe D e 25 à Classe E. Após a análise estatística não foi observada associação significativa entre classe econômica e disfunção temporomandibular (DTM); entretanto, a mesma ocorreu entre estresse e DTM (p<0,01). A classe econômica não influencia na ocorrência de DTM, mas existe associação direta entre estresse e disfunção temporomandibular.

Stress na gestação e no puerpério: uma correlação com a depressão pós-parto

OBJETIVO: Descrever e comparar as fases do stress de primigestas no terceiro trimestre de gestação e no pós-parto e correlacioná-las à ocorrência de depressão pós-parto (DPP). MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi constituída de duas etapas, caracterizando-se como pesquisa longitudinal. Na Etapa 1, participaram 98 primigestas e na Etapa 2, 64 delas. Na Etapa 1, a coleta de dados aconteceu no terceiro trimestre de gestação e, na Etapa 2, no mínimo 45 dias após o parto. Na Etapa 1 aplicou-se o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp (ISSL) e uma Entrevista Inicial para caracterização da amostra. Na Etapa 2, aplicou-se novamente o ISSL e também a EPDS (Escala de Edimburgo). Os dados foram analisados usando o programa estatístico SPSS for Windows®, versão 17.0. As análises estatísticas efetuadas foram o Teste t de Student e p de Spearman. RESULTADOS: No terceiro trimestre, 78% das participantes apresentaram sinais significativos para stress e, no puerpério, 63% manifestaram, apresentando diferença significativa entre o stress manifestado no terceiro trimestre e no puerpério (t=2,20; p=0,03). Observou-se, também, correlação entre o stress apresentado tanto na gestação como no puerpério e a manifestação de DPP (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Tanto na gestação como no puerpério mais da metade das mulheres apresentam sinais significativos para stress. Entretanto, a frequência da manifestação dos sintomas significativos de stress na gestação foi superior à frequência apresentada no puerpério. Tais resultados parecem guardar uma estreita relação com a manifestação de DPP, indicando relação entre stress e DPP.

Traços de personalidade e habilidades sociais em universitários

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar as relações entre habilidades sociais e traços de personalidade englobados por socialização, no modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores. O Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS) foi utilizado para a mensuração de habilidades sociais, e para avaliação do nível de socialização foi escolhida a Escala Fatorial de Socialização (EFS). A amostra foi composta por 126 estudantes universitários com média de idade de 21 anos (DP=3,37), e 53,5% eram homens. Os resultados da IHS e EFS foram comparados para os sexos, encontrando-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas para seis das dez medidas realizadas no estudo. Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre amabilidade, auto-afirmação e o total do IHS. Pró-sociabilidade correlacionou-se com auto-afirmação e autocontrole. Confiança nas pessoas apresentou correlações significativas com enfrentamento, auto-afirmação e autocontrole. Os resultados indicam que, efetivamente, a personalidade pode influenciar diferentes aspectos da habilidade social.

Avaliação clínica, laboratorial e dos marcadores bioquímicos do estresse oxidativo hepatocelular em ratos diabéticos induzidos pela aloxana

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Resposta de plantas de cobertura a doses de silício e estresse hídrico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estresse hídrico e adubação silicatada em batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Indicadores fisiológicos de estresse e expressão do gene hsp70 em juvenis do Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) após implante de cortisol

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Efeito do L-triptofano na mediação do estresse de transporte e social do matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus)

Pós-graduação em Aquicultura - FCAV

Alterações hematológicas e hormonais em fêmeas de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) provocadas por estresse mecânico e contaminação da água por herbicida a base de glifosato

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desempenho produtivo e resistência ao estresse pelo frio da tilápia do Nilo alimentada com dietas suplementadas com levedura autolisada e zinco

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)