The EU and Institutional Twinning in Morocco - An inquiry into the motives of cooperation through discourse ethics

This study examines Institutional Twinning in Morocco as a case of EU cooperation through the pragmatic, ethical and moral logics of reason in J��rgen Habermas���s discourse ethics. As a former accession tool, Twinning was introduced in 2004 for legal approximation in the context of the European Neighborhood Policy. Twinning is a unique instrument in development cooperation from a legal perspective. With its long historical and cultural ties to Europe, Morocco presents an interesting case study of this new form of cooperation. We will analyse motives behind the Twinning projects on illegal immigration, environment legislation and customs reform. As Twinning is a new policy instrument within the ENP context, there is relatively little preceding research, which, in itself, constitutes a reason to inquire into the subject. While introducing useful categories, the approaches discussing ���normative power Europe��� do not offer methodological tools precise enough to analyse the motives of the Twinning cooperation from a broad ethical standpoint. Helene Sjursen as well as Esther Barb�� and Elisabeth Johansson-Nogu��s have elaborated on J��rgen Habermas��� discourse ethics in determining the extent of altruism in the ENP in general. Situating the analysis in the process-oriented framework of Critical Theory, discourse ethics provides the methodological framework for our research. The case studies reveal that the context in which they operate affects the pragmatic, ethical and moral aspirations of the actors. The utilitarian notion of profit maximization is quite pronounced both in terms of the number of Twinning projects in the economic sphere and the pragmatic logics of reason instrumental to security and trade-related issues. The historical background as well internal processes, however, contribute to defining areas of mutual interest to the actors as well as the motives Morocco and the EU sometimes described as the external projection of internal values. Through its different aspects, Twinning cooperation portrays the functioning of the pragmatic, ethical and moral logics of reason in international relations.

Major Events and the European Code of Police Ethics

Examines the symbolic significance of major events and their security provision in the historical and contemporary context of the European Code of Police Ethics. Stresses the potential of major events to set new practical policing and security standards of technology and in doing so necessitiate the maintenance of professional ethical standards for policing in Europe.

The EU and Institutional Twinning in Morocco - An inquiry into the motives of cooperation through discourse ethics

This study examines Institutional Twinning in Morocco as a case of EU cooperation through the pragmatic, ethical and moral logics of reason in J��rgen Habermas���s discourse ethics. As a former accession tool, Twinning was introduced in 2004 for legal approximation in the context of the European Neighborhood Policy. Twinning is a unique instrument in development cooperation from a legal perspective. With its long historical and cultural ties to Europe, Morocco presents an interesting case study of this new form of cooperation. We will analyse motives behind the Twinning projects on illegal immigration, environment legislation and customs reform. As Twinning is a new policy instrument within the ENP context, there is relatively little preceding research, which, in itself, constitutes a reason to inquire into the subject. While introducing useful categories, the approaches discussing ���normative power Europe��� do not offer methodological tools precise enough to analyse the motives of the Twinning cooperation from a broad ethical standpoint. Helene Sjursen as well as Esther Barb�� and Elisabeth Johansson-Nogu��s have elaborated on J��rgen Habermas��� discourse ethics in determining the extent of altruism in the ENP in general. Situating the analysis in the process-oriented framework of Critical Theory, discourse ethics provides the methodological framework for our research. The case studies reveal that the context in which they operate affects the pragmatic, ethical and moral aspirations of the actors. The utilitarian notion of profit maximization is quite pronounced both in terms of the number of Twinning projects in the economic sphere and the pragmatic logics of reason instrumental to security and trade-related issues. The historical background as well internal processes, however, contribute to defining areas of mutual interest to the actors as well as the motives Morocco and the EU sometimes described as the external projection of internal values. Through its different aspects, Twinning cooperation portrays the functioning of the pragmatic, ethical and moral logics of reason in international relations.

Patents, Ethics and Stem Cell Research : The Case of hESC Innovation in Australia, Europe and the United States

Embryonic stem cells offer potentially a ground-breaking insight into health and diseases and are said to offer hope in discovering cures for many ailments unimaginable few years ago. Human embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated, immature cells that possess an amazing ability to develop into almost any body cell such as heart muscle, bone, nerve and blood cells and possibly even organs in due course. This remarkable feature, enabling embryonic stem cells to proliferate indefinitely in vitro (in a test tube), has branded them as a so-called miracle cure . Their potential use in clinical applications provides hope to many sufferers of debilitating and fatal medical conditions. However, the emergence of stem cell research has resulted in intense debates about its promises and dangers. On the one hand, advocates hail its potential, ranging from alleviating and even curing fatal and debilitating diseases such as Parkinson s, diabetes, heart ailments and so forth. On the other hand, opponents decry its dangers, drawing attention to the inherent risks of human embryo destruction, cloning for research purposes and reproductive cloning eventually. Lately, however, the policy battles surrounding human embryonic stem cell innovation have shifted from being a controversial research to scuffles within intellectual property rights. In fact, the ability to obtain patents represents a pivotal factor in the economic success or failure of this new biotechnology. Although, stem cell patents tend to more or less satisfy the standard patentability requirements, they also raise serious ethical and moral questions about the meaning of the exclusions on ethical or moral grounds as found in European and to an extent American and Australian patent laws. At present there is a sort of a calamity over human embryonic stem cell patents in Europe and to an extent in Australia and the United States. This in turn has created a sense of urgency to engage all relevant parties in the discourse on how best to approach patenting of this new form of scientific innovation. In essence, this should become a highly favoured patenting priority. To the contrary, stem cell innovation and its reliance on patent protection risk turmoil, uncertainty, confusion and even a halt on not only stem cell research but also further emerging biotechnology research and development. The patent system is premised upon the fundamental principle of balance which ought to ensure that the temporary monopoly awarded to the inventor equals that of the social benefit provided by the disclosure of the invention. Ensuring and maintaining this balance within the patent system when patenting human embryonic stem cells is of crucial contemporary relevance. Yet, the patenting of human embryonic stem cells raises some fundamental moral, social and legal questions. Overall, the present approach of patenting human embryonic stem cell related inventions is unsatisfactory and ineffective. This draws attention to a specific question which provides for a conceptual framework for this work. That question is the following: how can the investigated patent offices successfully deal with patentability of human embryonic stem cells? This in turn points at the thorny issue of application of the morality clause in this field. In particular, the interpretation of the exclusions on ethical or moral grounds as found in Australian, American and European legislative and judicial precedents. The Thesis seeks to compare laws and legal practices surrounding patentability of human embryonic stem cells in Australia and the United States with that of Europe. By using Europe as the primary case study for lessons and guidance, the central goal of the Thesis then becomes the determination of the type of solutions available to Europe with prospects to apply such to Australia and the United States. The Dissertation purports to define the ethical implications that arise with patenting human embryonic stem cells and intends to offer resolutions to the key ethical dilemmas surrounding patentability of human embryonic stem cells and other morally controversial biotechnology inventions. In particular, the Thesis goal is to propose a functional framework that may be used as a benchmark for an informed discussion on the solution to resolving ethical and legal tensions that come with patentability of human embryonic stem cells in Australian, American and European patent worlds. Key research questions that arise from these objectives and which continuously thread throughout the monograph are: 1. How do common law countries such as Australia and the United States approach and deal with patentability of human embryonic stem cells in their jurisdictions? These practices are then compared to the situation in Europe as represented by the United Kingdom (first two chapters), the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Patent Office decisions (Chapter 3 onwards) in order to obtain a full picture of the present patenting procedures on the European soil. 2. How are ethical and moral considerations taken into account at patent offices investigated when assessing patentability of human embryonic stem cell related inventions? In order to assess this part, the Thesis evaluates how ethical issues that arise with patent applications are dealt with by: a) Legislative history of the modern patent system from its inception in 15th Century England to present day patent laws. b) Australian, American and European patent offices presently and in the past, including other relevant legal precedents on the subject matter. c) Normative ethical theories. d) The notion of human dignity used as the lowest common denominator for the interpretation of the European morality clause. 3. Given the existence of the morality clause in form of Article 6(1) of the Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions which corresponds to Article 53(a) European Patent Convention, a special emphasis is put on Europe as a guiding principle for Australia and the United States. Any room for improvement of the European morality clause and Europe s current manner of evaluating ethical tensions surrounding human embryonic stem cell inventions is examined. 4. A summary of options (as represented by Australia, the United States and Europe) available as a basis for the optimal examination procedure of human embryonic stem cell inventions is depicted, whereas the best of such alternatives is deduced in order to create a benchmark framework. This framework is then utilised on and promoted as a tool to assist Europe (as represented by the European Patent Office) in examining human embryonic stem cell patent applications. This method suggests a possibility of implementing an institution solution. 5. Ultimately, a question of whether such reformed European patent system can be used as a founding stone for a potential patent reform in Australia and the United States when examining human embryonic stem cells or other morally controversial inventions is surveyed. The author wishes to emphasise that the guiding thought while carrying out this work is to convey the significance of identifying, analysing and clarifying the ethical tensions surrounding patenting human embryonic stem cells and ultimately present a solution that adequately assesses patentability of human embryonic stem cell inventions and related biotechnologies. In answering the key questions above, the Thesis strives to contribute to the broader stem cell debate about how and to which extent ethical and social positions should be integrated into the patenting procedure in pluralistic and morally divided democracies of Europe and subsequently Australia and the United States.

Factors affecting perceptions of corporate social responsibility implementation: an emphasis on values

This dissertation is a broad study of factors affecting perceptions of CSR issues in multiple stakeholder realms, the main purpose being to determine the effects of the values of individuals on their perceptions regarding CSR. It examines perceptions of CSR both at the emic (observing individuals and stakeholders) and etic levels (conducting cross-cultural comparison) through a descriptive-empirical research strategy. The dissertation is based on quantitative interview data among Chinese, Finnish and US stakeholder groups of industry companies (with an emphasis on the forest industries) and consists of four published articles and two submitted manuscripts. Theoretically, this dissertation provides a valuable and unique philosophical and intellectual perspective on the contemporary study of CSR `The Harmony Approach to CSR'. Empirically, this dissertation does values assessment and CSR evaluation of a wide variety of business activities covering CSR reporting, business ethics, and three dimensions of CSR performance. From the multi-stakeholder perspective, this dissertation use survey methods to examine the perceptions and stakeholder salience in the context of CSR by describing, comparing the differences between demographic factors as well as hypothetical drivers behind perceptions. The results of study suggest that the CSR objective of a corporation's top management should be to manage the divergent and conflicting interests of multiple stakeholders, taking others than key stakeholders into account as well. The importance of values as a driver of ethical behaviour and decision-making has been generally recognized. This dissertation provides more empirical proof of this theory by highlighting the effects of values on CSR perceptions. It suggests that since the way to encourage responsible behaviour and develop CSR is to develop individual values and cultivate their virtues, it is time to invoke the critical role of moral (ethics) education. The specific studies of China and comparison between Finland and the US contribute to a common understanding of the emerging CSR issues, problems and opportunities for the future of sustainability. The similarities among these countries can enhance international cooperation, while the differences will open up opportunities and diversified solutions for CSR in local conditions.

Ley natural, di��logo social y convicciones creyentes

Resumen: El art��culo plantea una lectura transversal del Documento de la Comisi��n Teol��gica Internacional, titulado ���En busca de una ��tica universal: una nueva mirada sobre la ley natural��� de tal manera que, a partir del reconocimiento de una ley natural que subyace a toda norma, se procura mostrar c��mo esa convicci��n no impide la participaci��n de los cristianos en el di��logo social. El autor se��ala las paradojas a las que conduce la ��tica de la discusi��n y el lugar de la discusi��n p��blica como est��mulo para alcanzar la verdad. Enfatiza la importancia del amor a la verdad como condici��n necesaria para que una sociedad sea noble y respetable. Considera el lugar del di��logo y el consenso y la existencia de una verdad ��ltima que la inteligencia puede captar en el marco de un sano pluralismo. Tambi��n aborda la relaci��n entre este pluralismo y las religiones y su contribuci��n al debate p��blico.

O servi��o social no comando da Aeron��utica: decifrando este espa��o socioocupacional do assistente social

Esta disserta����o analisa o Servi��o Social no Comando da Aeron��utica COMAER, a partir dos elementos s��cio-institucionais, te��rico-metodol��gico e ��tico-pol��tica profissionais na institui����o. O interesse em estudar este espa��o socioocupacional do assistente social define-se pela necessidade de produ����o de conhecimento te��rico e cr��tico acerca do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Servi��o Social nas esferas militares: um campo de trabalho profissional em crescimento, por��m pouco conhecido e debatido no ��mbito acad��mico. O COMAER �� uma institui����o militar, repleta de singularidades, pautada nos princ��pios de hierarquia e disciplina. Configura-se como um espa��o de contradi����es, correla����o de for��as e disputas por poder. Por��m, �� neste terreno contradit��rio e tenso que o Servi��o Social se realiza e se concretiza. Para melhor compreens��o acerca desta institui����o, torna-se imprescind��vel a apreens��o da realidade concreta, seus limites e possibilidades no movimento real de sua historicidade. Portanto, dedicamos parte deste estudo para desenvolver uma an��lise institucional. Al��m da referida an��lise, o presente estudo reconstr��i o processo de implementa����o do Sistema de Assist��ncia Social no COMAER, situa o trabalho do Servi��o Social neste espa��o socioocupacional num contexto de reestrutura����o produtiva, bem como se apropria do debate te��rico-metodol��gico acerca do Projeto ��tico Pol��tico Profissional para analisar as possibilidades de materializa����o dos princ��pios fundamentais do C��digo de ��tica dos Assistentes Sociais no ��mbito institucional. Esta disserta����o conta tamb��m com pesquisa realizada com 24 assistentes sociais civis e militares, atrav��s de formul��rio auto-aplic��vel, a partir do qual foi poss��vel tra��ar o perfil das assistentes sociais do COMAER e as condi����es em que o trabalho profissional se realiza. Ressaltamos o protagonismo do trabalho desenvolvido pelo Servi��o Social no COMAER e afirmamos que �� poss��vel realizar um trabalho cr��tico, coerente com os princ��pios do C��digo de ��tica Profissional e norteados pelo Projeto da Profiss��o numa institui����o militar.

An��lise bio��tica da rela����o m��dico-paciente na per��cia m��dica da Previd��ncia Social

Esta disserta����o apresenta e discute resultados de pesquisa desenvolvida como pr��-requisito parcial para obten����o do grau de mestre em Bio��tica, ��tica Aplicada e Sa��de Coletiva junto ao Programa de P��s-gradua����o em Bio��tica, ��tica Aplicada e Sa��de Coletiva da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em regime de associa����o com a Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, a Funda����o Oswaldo Cruz e a Universidade Federal Fluminense. A pesquisa de metodologia qualitativa analisou material emp��rico composto por amostra de registros da Ouvidoria da Previd��ncia Social contendo reclama����es sobre o atendimento m��dico-pericial. A Previd��ncia integra o campo da seguridade social e tem a vida e suas intercorr��ncias na popula����o de segurados como seu objeto de cuidados e controles. O benef��cio aux��lio-doen��a �� o mais frequentemente concedido entre todos os benef��cios da Previd��ncia sendo devido somente a seus segurados em dupla condi����o de vulnerabilidade, doentes e incapazes para o trabalho. A verifica����o da condi����o de incapacidade para o trabalho �� realizada pelos m��dicos peritos da Previd��ncia Social como pr��-requisito para acesso ao benef��cio e funciona como mecanismo de controle de custos. Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que a tarefa de controle de acesso, realizada na interface com o segurado, exige um deslocamento da atividade m��dica da fun����o assistencial para a pericial em decorr��ncia da natureza da tarefa m��dico-pericial, onde o lugar do controle �� o da exce����o beneficente. Tal atribui����o condiciona um risco da atividade m��dico-pericial que entendemos ser de ordem moral. As reclama����es sobre o atendimento m��dico na per��cia previdenci��ria foram compreendidas como ��ndices de disfun����es nesta interface, assim como os registros de viol��ncia em torno desta atividade. Resultantes da pr��tica de limites de acesso ao benef��cio, na forma em que estes limites est��o colocados. A an��lise desta interface coloca em relevo o paradoxo da prote����o securit��ria que funciona retirando da prote����o partes de sua popula����o e caracteriza a rela����o m��dico-paciente na per��cia m��dica da Previd��ncia Social como moralmente conflituosa. A pesquisa na linha de uma bio��tica cr��tica, que enfatiza as pol��ticas p��blicas que afetam a vida, entendeu Previd��ncia Social como biopol��tica e a atividade m��dico-pericial como express��o de biopoder, nos termos da filosofia pol��tica de Michel Foucault. Cabe �� sociedade refletir seriamente sobre essas pr��ticas de controle e definir o alcance e a forma da prote����o securit��ria tendo em vista que esta prote����o tensiona necessidades individuais e coletivas. Cabe a todos e a cada um ter em mente a dimens��o ��tica da pol��tica previdenci��ria.

The Environmental, Social, Governance, and Financial Performance Effects on Companies that Adopt the United Nations Global Compact

This paper aims to investigate companies' environmental, social, governance (ESG), and financial implications of their commitment to the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). The focus is placed on companies operating in the three countries with the highest number of UNGC participants: Spain, France, and Japan. The results clearly reveal that adoption of the UNGC often requires an organizational change that fosters stakeholder engagement, ultimately resulting in improvements in companies' ESG performance. Additionally, the results reveal that ESG performance has a significant impact on financial performance for companies that adopted the principles of the UNGC. These findings provide both non-financial and financial incentives to companies to commit to this voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative, which will have important implications on companies' strategic management policies that aim to foster sustainable businesses and community development. Finally, the linkages between the UNGC-committed companies' ESG and financial performance may be influenced by geographical spread, mainly due to the appearance of differences in the institutional, societal, and cultural settings.

O controle social na constru����o e democratiza����o da pol��tica de Assist��ncia Social: o papel dos conselhos e a realidade de um munic��pio da Baixada Fluminense

A presente disserta����o tem como prop��sito, a partir do processo de constru����o e democratiza����o da Pol��tica de Assist��ncia Social no Brasil, p��s SUAS, analisar o controle social tendo como objeto o Conselho Municipal de Assist��ncia Social do munic��pio de Mesquita, na regi��o da Baixada Fluminense / RJ e as condi����es de trabalho dos Assistentes Sociais nesses espa��os. Inicialmente, abordamos a Pol��tica de Assist��ncia Social no Brasil, desde a cria����o da extinta Legi��o Brasileira de Assist��ncia Social (LBA), at�� os dias atuais, ressaltando os avan��os na parte jur��dico-legal-normativa desta pol��tica, o que tem se tornado um campo prop��cio e amplo para o mercado de trabalho dos assistentes sociais na contemporaneidade. No debate do controle social na Pol��tica de Assist��ncia, destacamos tr��s importantes tem��ticas: a rela����o das entidades da sociedade civil com os conselheiros governamentais, nos espa��os de representa����o pol��tica, democr��tica, deliberativa e parit��ria nos conselhos de assist��ncia social; a participa����o dos segmentos de usu��rios dos servi��os s��cio assistenciais do munic��pio de Mesquita e, ainda, as condi����es em que vem ocorrendo �� participa����o dos assistentes sociais nos espa��os de controle social no munic��pio, atrav��s de rela����es de trabalho prec��rias, no que se refere �� desregulamenta����o de direitos sociais trabalhistas dos profissionais. Para o estudo, analisamos as Atas do per��odo de 2011-2012, e realizamos entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os conselheiros governamentais e n��o governamentais do Conselho Municipal de Assist��ncia Social de Mesquita (CMAS), que atuaram no mesmo per��odo, gest��o empossada em Dezembro de 2011, ap��s resultado do processo eleitoral das entidades da sociedade civil do CMAS. Dentre os achados da investiga����o, a partir do material emp��rico, mediado pelo pensamento de autores que discutem esta tem��tica e pela legisla����o destacam-se: a superioridade da Representa����o Governamental sobre a Representa����o da Sociedade Civil no CMAS; n��o monitoramento e fiscaliza����o do saldo or��ament��rio pelo CMAS / Mesquita; precariza����o das rela����es de trabalho na SEMAS / Mesquita; descontinuidade do Programa de Capacita����o dos Conselheiros do CMAS / Mesquita; despreparo t��cnico dos conselheiros para aprecia����o de presta����o de contas no CMAS, com aus��ncia de tempo h��bil para an��lise; manipula����o pol��tica por parte da representa����o governamental no CMAS; o poder de influ��ncia do governo �� maior do que da sociedade civil; necessidade de capacita����o t��cnica, e principalmente capacita����o ��tica e pol��tica dos conselheiros governamentais e da sociedade civil; precariedade dos equipamentos p��blicos dos SEMAS / Mesquita; parca participa����o dos Usu��rios dos Servi��os Socioassistenciais na esfera do conselho, dentre outros aspectos que ser��o tratados nesta disserta����o. Em suma, estes s��o as principais conclus��es de forma resumida e sint��tica que abordaremos mais detalhadamente nas considera����es finais deste trabalho.

Atribuindo significados as enfermeiras obst��tricas: uma constru����o social sob a ��tica das usu��rias na perspectiva do interacionismo simb��lico

O presente estudo teve como objetivos: identificar o significado de Enfermeira Obst��trica para as usu��rias; analisar os significados atribu��dos �� Enfermeira Obst��trica pelas usu��rias; e, desenvolver um modelo te��rico explicativo da constru����o do significado de Enfermeira Obst��trica sob a ��tica das usu��rias. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa interpretada pelo Interacionismo Simb��lico, como referencial te��rico e, tendo a Grounded Theory, como referencial metodol��gico. Foram participantes da pesquisa, 20 (vinte) usu��rias atendidas por Enfermeiras Obst��tricas em diversos cen��rios de cuidado, tais como: domic��lio, Unidades B��sicas de Sa��de, Maternidades, Casas de Parto/Centros de Parto Normal de diversos munic��pios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - durante o pr��-natal, trabalho de parto e parto. A coleta dos dados ocorreu entre setembro de 2012 e julho de 2014, ap��s este projeto ter sido aprovado pelo Comit�� de ��tica em Pesquisa da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro/UERJ/SR2 em julho de 2012. Utilizou-se a entrevista semi-estruturada gravada, iniciada com uma quest��o comum: Fale-me como foi sua gesta����o, seu acompanhamento pr��-natal e seu parto. Os resultados revelam que as usu��rias chegam at�� as enfermeiras obst��tricas porque procuram por algu��m que atenda seu desejo de vivenciar uma gesta����o e um parto natural sem interven����es desnecess��rias e com a presen��a de familiares, principalmente os companheiros. Fica evidente, neste estudo, que as usu��rias desconhecem, at�� o estabelecimento da intera����o social, a profissional enfermeira obst��trica e chegam at�� elas por: indica����o de amigos e/ou familiares; por indica����o de outros profissionais de sa��de (enfermeiras, fisioterapeutas ou m��dicos); ou por interm��dio de grupos de mulheres nas redes sociais. Vale ressaltar que, as mulheres que optaram por serem atendidas por enfermeiras obst��tricas durante o pr��-natal, trabalham de parto e parto, buscaram informa����es sobre gesta����o, fisiologia do trabalho de parto, atua����o e forma����o as enfermeiras obst��tricas, direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, legisla����o sobre direitos dos usu��rios dos servi��os de sa��de, dentre outros, nas redes sociais; compartilharam viv��ncias em grupos na internet e acabaram referenciando as enfermeiras obst��tricas a outras mulheres. A an��lise comparativa dos dados identificou tr��s categorias: Desejando vivenciar o parto natural; Procurando algu��m que atenda o desejo de vivenciar o parto natural; e Encontrando e vivenciando os cuidados da Enfermeira Obst��trica. As usu��rias agem em rela����o ��s Enfermeiras Obst��tricas com base no significado que estas t��m para ela, ou seja, apresentam como s��mbolos significantes para o objeto social Enfermeiras Obst��tricas: aquela que presta um cuidado concreto, um cuidado abstrato, um cuidado afetivo e um cuidado com conhecimento cient��fico. Os significados retratam que o v��nculo estabelecido entre as envolvidas extrapola a compet��ncia t��cnica e ratificam que, a necessidade de v��nculo pessoal �� imprescind��vel para que o cuidado humanizado aconte��a.

�� mais f��cil condenar quem j�� cumpre pena de vida: um estudo sobre a pr��tica profissional do assistente social no Sistema Penitenci��rio do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a pr��tica do assistente social no Sistema Penitenci��rio do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a partir dos pressupostos estabelecidos pelo Projeto ��tico Pol��tico da Profiss��o. A relev��ncia deste estudo consiste em colocar no centro do debate o desafio que representa para a categoria, com um direcionamento profissional ��tico e pol��tico comprometido com os interesses da classe trabalhadora e com a efetiva����o dos direitos da mesma, efetivar estes pressupostos num campo de atua����o marcado pelo controle e repress��o dos indiv��duos pertencentes a esta classe. A pris��o �� uma institui����o total, punitiva, vingativa, onde observamos a face mais dura do Estado, onde, muitas vezes, o assistente social se v�� sozinho na defesa e efetiva����o dos direitos do preso. Constitui-se como objetivo central deste estudo analisar se dentro desta institui����o, o assistente social consegue efetivar os valores defendidos e consagrados pelo projeto profissional. Para realiza����o do estudo nos debru��amos sobre a produ����o te��rica e a hist��ria do sistema penitenci��rio; sobre a legisla����o espec��fica da ��rea (Lei de Execu����o Penal e Regulamento Penitenci��rio do Estado do Rio de Janeiro) e sobre documentos, relat��rios, manuais, etc., elaborados pela Coordena����o de Servi��o Social da Secretaria de Estado de Administra����o Penitenci��ria (SEAP). Devido ��s limita����es impostas pela institui����o, os sujeitos de nosso estudo foram os gestores e ex-gestores que aturam na Coordena����o de Servi��o Social e na antiga Divis��o de Servi��o Social da SEAP. Procuramos resgatar a trajet��ria hist��rica do Servi��o Social dentro do Sistema Prisional fluminense, destacando as batalhas e conquistas alcan��adas pela categoria, ao longo dos quase sessenta anos de inser����o nas unidades prisionais do Rio de Janeiro. Observamos ao longo do estudo que a inser����o do assistente social no Sistema Penitenci��rio encontra-se devidamente institucionalizada, regulamentada e organizada, o que demonstra a relev��ncia do trabalho deste profissional, que muitas vezes ainda �� visto como benfeitor do preso. Hoje, a execu����o penal pode ser considerada uma ��rea consolidada para a atua����o profissional dos assistentes sociais, embora apresente uma s��rie de inconsist��ncias e discrep��ncias, tais como p��ssimas condi����es de trabalho, viola����o de direitos, entre outras. Procuramos mostrar neste estudo como o profissional de Servi��o Social enfrenta essa realidade e contribui para a sua transforma����o, a partir dos ideais defendidos pelo Projeto ��tico Pol��tico da profiss��o.