Sur la distribution des valeurs de la fonction zêta de Riemann et des fonctions L au bord de la bande critque

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Construction de méthodes de volumes finis tridimensionnelles sans solveur de Riemann pour les systèmes hyperboliques non-linéaires

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.

Séries universelles dans CN et sur les surfaces de Riemann non compactes

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Analyse de groupe d’un modèle de la plasticité idéale planaire et sur les solutions en termes d’invariants de Riemann pour les systèmes quasilinéaires du premier ordre

Les objets d’étude de cette thèse sont les systèmes d’équations quasilinéaires du premier ordre. Dans une première partie, on fait une analyse du point de vue du groupe de Lie classique des symétries ponctuelles d’un modèle de la plasticité idéale. Les écoulements planaires dans les cas stationnaire et non-stationnaire sont étudiés. Deux nouveaux champs de vecteurs ont été obtenus, complétant ainsi l’algèbre de Lie du cas stationnaire dont les sous-algèbres sont classifiées en classes de conjugaison sous l’action du groupe. Dans le cas non-stationnaire, une classification des algèbres de Lie admissibles selon la force choisie est effectuée. Pour chaque type de force, les champs de vecteurs sont présentés. L’algèbre ayant la dimension la plus élevée possible a été obtenues en considérant les forces monogéniques et elle a été classifiée en classes de conjugaison. La méthode de réduction par symétrie est appliquée pour obtenir des solutions explicites et implicites de plusieurs types parmi lesquelles certaines s’expriment en termes d’une ou deux fonctions arbitraires d’une variable et d’autres en termes de fonctions elliptiques de Jacobi. Plusieurs solutions sont interprétées physiquement pour en déduire la forme de filières d’extrusion réalisables. Dans la seconde partie, on s’intéresse aux solutions s’exprimant en fonction d’invariants de Riemann pour les systèmes quasilinéaires du premier ordre. La méthode des caractéristiques généralisées ainsi qu’une méthode basée sur les symétries conditionnelles pour les invariants de Riemann sont étendues pour être applicables à des systèmes dans leurs régions elliptiques. Leur applicabilité est démontrée par des exemples de la plasticité idéale non-stationnaire pour un flot irrotationnel ainsi que les équations de la mécanique des fluides. Une nouvelle approche basée sur l’introduction de matrices de rotation satisfaisant certaines conditions algébriques est développée. Elle est applicable directement à des systèmes non-homogènes et non-autonomes sans avoir besoin de transformations préalables. Son efficacité est illustrée par des exemples comprenant un système qui régit l’interaction non-linéaire d’ondes et de particules. La solution générale est construite de façon explicite.

Scoliosis curve type classification from 3D trunk image

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a deformity of the spine manifested by asymmetry and deformities of the external surface of the trunk. Classification of scoliosis deformities according to curve type is used to plan management of scoliosis patients. Currently, scoliosis curve type is determined based on X-ray exam. However, cumulative exposure to X-rays radiation significantly increases the risk for certain cancer. In this paper, we propose a robust system that can classify the scoliosis curve type from non invasive acquisition of 3D trunk surface of the patients. The 3D image of the trunk is divided into patches and local geometric descriptors characterizing the surface of the back are computed from each patch and forming the features. We perform the reduction of the dimensionality by using Principal Component Analysis and 53 components were retained. In this work a multi-class classifier is built with Least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) which is a kernel classifier. For this study, a new kernel was designed in order to achieve a robust classifier in comparison with polynomial and Gaussian kernel. The proposed system was validated using data of 103 patients with different scoliosis curve types diagnosed and classified by an orthopedic surgeon from the X-ray images. The average rate of successful classification was 93.3% with a better rate of prediction for the major thoracic and lumbar/thoracolumbar types.

Non invasive classification system of scoliosis curve types using least-squares support vector machines

Objective To determine scoliosis curve types using non invasive surface acquisition, without prior knowledge from X-ray data. Methods Classification of scoliosis deformities according to curve type is used in the clinical management of scoliotic patients. In this work, we propose a robust system that can determine the scoliosis curve type from non invasive acquisition of the 3D back surface of the patients. The 3D image of the surface of the trunk is divided into patches and local geometric descriptors characterizing the back surface are computed from each patch and constitute the features. We reduce the dimensionality by using principal component analysis and retain 53 components using an overlap criterion combined with the total variance in the observed variables. In this work, a multi-class classifier is built with least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM). The original LS-SVM formulation was modified by weighting the positive and negative samples differently and a new kernel was designed in order to achieve a robust classifier. The proposed system is validated using data from 165 patients with different scoliosis curve types. The results of our non invasive classification were compared with those obtained by an expert using X-ray images. Results The average rate of successful classification was computed using a leave-one-out cross-validation procedure. The overall accuracy of the system was 95%. As for the correct classification rates per class, we obtained 96%, 84% and 97% for the thoracic, double major and lumbar/thoracolumbar curve types, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that it is possible to find a relationship between the internal deformity and the back surface deformity in scoliosis with machine learning methods. The proposed system uses non invasive surface acquisition, which is safe for the patient as it involves no radiation. Also, the design of a specific kernel improved classification performance.

Prediction of scoliosis curve type based on the analysis of trunk surface topography

Scoliosis treatment strategy is generally chosen according to the severity and type of the spinal curve. Currently, the curve type is determined from X-rays whose acquisition can be harmful for the patient. We propose in this paper a system that can predict the scoliosis curve type based on the analysis of the surface of the trunk. The latter is acquired and reconstructed in 3D using a non invasive multi-head digitizing system. The deformity is described by the back surface rotation, measured on several cross-sections of the trunk. A classifier composed of three support vector machines was trained and tested using the data of 97 patients with scoliosis. A prediction rate of 72.2% was obtained, showing that the use of the trunk surface for a high-level scoliosis classification is feasible and promising.

Feature Point Detection and Curve Approximation for Early Processing of Freehand Sketches

Freehand sketching is both a natural and crucial part of design, yet is unsupported by current design automation software. We are working to combine the flexibility and ease of use of paper and pencil with the processing power of a computer to produce a design environment that feels as natural as paper, yet is considerably smarter. One of the most basic steps in accomplishing this is converting the original digitized pen strokes in the sketch into the intended geometric objects using feature point detection and approximation. We demonstrate how multiple sources of information can be combined for feature detection in strokes and apply this technique using two approaches to signal processing, one using simple average based thresholding and a second using scale space.

Predicting random level and seasonality of hotel prices. A structural equation growth curve approach

This article examines the effect on price of different characteristics of holiday hotels in the sun-and-beach segment, under the hedonic function perspective. Monthly prices of the majority of hotels in the Spanish continental Mediterranean coast are gathered from May to October 1999 from the tour operator catalogues. Hedonic functions are specified as random-effect models and parametrized as structural equation models with two latent variables, a random peak season price and a random width of seasonal fluctuations. Characteristics of the hotel and the region where they are located are used as predictors of both latent variables. Besides hotel category, region, distance to the beach, availability of parking place and room equipment have an effect on peak price and also on seasonality. 3- star hotels have the highest seasonality and hotels located in the southern regions the lowest, which could be explained by a warmer climate in autumn

[Ressenya del llibre Il "genere" dei libri. Storie e rappresentazioni della lectura al femminile e al maschile tra Medioevo e età moderna, de Tiziana Plebani]

"Cada escritura nace de un deseo, de una pasión ..., los libros, que parecen objetos inanimados, ocultan mucho más que ideas". Comparto estas palabras de Tiziana Plebani, su libro, sin duda, es fruto del deseo de aunar la historia erudita del libro con la atención a lo particular, a lo cotidiano, y con la voluntad de dar espacio a los cuerpos de las mujeres y de los hombres en la historia de lo escrito en la Europa Mediterránea, especialmente en Italia, y es un deseo hecho realidad

Sumas de Riemann con sistemas de cálculo simbólico.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

The crime kuznets curve

We document the existence of a Crime Kuznets Curve in US states since the 1970s. As income levels have risen, crime has followed an inverted U-shaped pattern, first increasing and then dropping. The Crime Kuznets Curve is not explained by income inequality. In fact, we show that during the sample period inequality has risen monotonically with income, ruling out the traditional Kuznets Curve. Our finding is robust to adding a large set of controls that are used in the literature to explain the incidence of crime, as well as to controlling for state and year fixed effects. The Curve is also revealed in nonparametric specifications. The Crime Kuznets Curve exists for property crime and for some categories of violent crime.

Una alternativa a la integral de Riemann

Se trata de un análisis del proceso de aprendizaje matemático desde puntos de vista interdisciplinares donde se pretende que el alumno tenga un desarrollo del proceso matemático de forma paulatina y no se vea forzado a absorber los diversos conceptos de forma simultanea. Finalmente se concluye con la importancia de encontrar una alternativa al sistema de aprendizaje de la integral de Riemann, como el cálculo de superficies a partir de áreas planas o la integral definida.

La integral de Riemann.

La obra trata sobre el estudio de la Integral de Riemann, intentando compatibilizar la sencillez del planteamiento clásico usado en el Bachillerato con las directrices emanadas de la Universidad, que obligan a un planteamiento opuesto al anterior. La estrategia didáctica se ha experimentado en el Instituto de Bachillerato San Juan de la Cruz de Caravaca de la Cruz durante los cursos 1987-88 y 1988-89, tanto en tercero de BUP como en COU. El tema ha sido desarrollado para su lectura directa por los alumnos, por lo que se ha procurado detallar al máximo la exposición.

Motivazzioni e soddisfazione di genere nel digital-learning : un studio di caso. 'Motivaciones y satisfaciones generizadas en el digital-learning : un estudio de caso'.

Monográfico con el título: 'Sociedad de la Información, lenguas minoritarias y educación en bilingüismo'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación