O não-lugar dos professores nos entrelugares de formação continuada

O artigo faz uma análise dos sistemas de representação de professores, delegados eleitos para participarem do GT — Formação e Valorização do Magistério, por ocasião da realização do Seminário Estadual de Política Educacional do Espírito Santo, sobre os processos de formação continuada desenvolvidos pela Secretaria de Educação. Utiliza como referencial de análise as categorias de não-lugar, lugar, espaços-tempos e comunidades compartilhadas, a partir das obras de Lefebvre (1983), Augé (1994), Certeau (2001) e Santos (2000), dentre outros. Trabalha com metodologia baseada em coleta de dados por meio de questionário composto de questões abertas e fechadas. Aponta como resultado que o sistema de representação de professores enuncia a necessidade de instauração de processos de formação continuada voltados para a "utópica" de constituição de um coletivo escolar que supere, por meio de comunidades compartilhadas, o não-lugar por eles ocupado até então.

O estresse ocupacional do professor do ensino superior: a relação entre os sintomas de estresse e a atividade docente em duas instituições de ensino superior da cidade de Teresina-pi

RESUMO: Com a globalização e as mudanças provenientes da mesma, o ser humano vem sofrendo com o estresse ao tentar se adaptar e acompanhar tais acontecimentos seja no âmbito familiar, social, afetivo e profissional. Para desempenhar as funções docentes do ensino superior, são exigidas diversas condições, e o professor sofre um desgaste físico e psicológico ao tentar suprir determinadas demandas, o que em muitos casos, ocasiona o estresse ocupacional. Com o propósito de aprofundar conhecimentos sobre a relação existente entre o estresse e a atividade docente, fizemos o seguinte questionamento: quais os sintomas de estresse apresentados em professores do ensino superior? Com Objetivo geral de estudar os sintomas e níveis de estresse, relacionando-os à carreira docente do ensino superior, com as variáveis: regime de trabalho, vínculo institucional, idade, sexo, tempo de trabalho, tipo de IES, em uma população específica pertencente a duas Instituições de Ensino Superior -IES da cidade de Teresina, Estado do Piauí- Brasil, sendo uma pública e uma privada. Visando atingir os objetivos propostos, utilizamos da metodologia de caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados recorrendo à estatística descritiva. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi o “Inventário de Sintomas de Stress Lipp – ISSL” da autora Marilda Lipp (2000), aplicado em uma amostra de cem (100) professores, com idade entre 22 e 55 anos de idade. Mediante a análise dos dados, pode-se verificar que apesar das diferenças existentes entre IES públicas e privadas, a maioria dos resultados foram semelhantes. Em ambas as IES houve presença de estresse nos docentes, prevalecendo a fase de alerta, logo após a fase de resistência, em seguida a fase de quase-exaustão,Houve um predomínio de sintomas psicológicos, onde na IES privada se destacam: aumento súbito de motivação e entusiasmo súbito. E como sintomas físicos: boca seca e nó no estômago. Na IES públicas os sintomas psicológicos foram: entusiasmo súbito e aumento súbito de motivação. E físicos: tensão muscular e nó no estômago. Em relação as co-variáveis que apresentaram maior relação com o estresse pode-se apresentar na IES privada o sexo masculino e feminino possuem a mesma representatividade, a faixa etária de 31 a 39 anos, estado civil casado, tempo de serviço de 7 a 13 anos, jornada de trabalho integral e vínculo efetivo. Já na IES pública verifica-se relação com o sexo feminino, idade variando de 31 a 39 anos, estado civil solteiro, tempo de serviço de 7 a 13 anos, jornada de trabalho parcial e vínculo substituto. De acordo com o que foi analisado, percebe-se que os docentes do ensino superior, independente do tipo de IES ao qual estão vinculados, estão sujeitos ao estresse e que estes não devem ser responsabilizados pelo mesmo, nem por adoção de medidas preventivas, visto que toda a IES sofre as conseqüências, e tem condições de auxiliar o professor com situações preventivas, de controle a partir do conhecimento, interpretação e mudança de hábitos do professor no ambiente universitário. ABSTRACT: With globalization and its changes, the human being has suffered from stress while trying to adapt and monitor such events, within family, social, emotional or professional scope. To play as teacher in higher education, they are required various conditions and the teacher suffers physical and psychological wear trying to meet certain demands, which in many cases leads to occupational stress.Aiming to deepen knowledge about the relationship between stress and teaching activities, we made the following question: what are the symptoms of stress presented by higher education teachers? With the general objective of study the symptoms and the stress levels, linking them to the teaching career in higher education, using the following variables: working regime, institutional link, age, sex, working time, type of HEI, in a specific population belongs to two Higher Education Institutions HEI - of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, one public and one private. Aiming to achieve the proposed objectives, we used a exploratory - descriptive study, with quantitative approach of data using graphs and tables. The data collection instrument used was the "Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory - ISSL" by the author Marilda Lipp (2000), applied to a sample of a hundred (100) teachers, between 22 and 55 years of age. Through data analysis, despite the differences between public and private HEIs, we can see that the most results were similar. In both HEIs, the results revealed that the alert phase of stress had prevailed, followed by resistance and almost-exhaustion phases. A small number presented stress in exhaustion phase and another group did not present stress. There was a predominance of psychological symptoms, which in private HEIs stands out: increase of motivation and enthusiasm suddenly. And as physical symptoms: dry mouth and stomached. In public HEI, psychological symptoms were sudden enthusiasm and increse of motivation. And physical symptoms: muscle tension and stomached. In relation to the co-variables that showed a greater relationship with stress, in private HEIs males and females have the same representation, between 31-39 years, married, working time of 7-13 years, full working day and effective link. Already in public HEIs, female, between 31-39 years, unmarried, working time of 7-13 years, partial working day and substitute link had prevailed. According to analysis, we find that teachers in higher education, regardless of the HEI to which they are linked, are subject to stress. And they should not be blamed for the onset of stress, neither by adopting preventive measures, since all the HEI suffers the consequences, and it is able to help teachers with preventive measures based on the knowledge, interpretation and change habits of the teacher in the university environment.

Simple thermodynamics of jet engines

We use the first and second laws of thermodynamics to analyze the behavior of an ideal jet engine. Simple analytical expressions for the thermal efficiency, the overall efficiency, and the reduced thrust are derived. We show that the thermal efficiency depends only on the compression ratio r and on the velocity of the aircraft. The other two performance measures depend also on the ratio of the temperature at the turbine to the inlet temperature in the engine, T-3/T-i. An analysis of these expressions shows that it is not possible to choose an optimal set of values of r and T-3/T-i that maximize both the overall efficiency and thrust. We study how irreversibilities in the compressor and the turbine decrease the overall efficiency of jet engines and show that this effect is more pronounced for smaller T-3/T-i.

Mobile learning: recetividade e predisposição do ensino superior para a sua utilização

A evolução dos dispositivos móveis e a mudança de paradigma educacional, permitiu o surgimento de um novo conceito no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, o mobile learning. O mobile learning pode ser visto como um conceito multidisciplinar, dependendo da perspetiva de cada autor, pois ainda não existe um consenso em relação à definição do conceito. No entanto, todos os autores concordam que o mobile learning consiste na aquisição de conhecimento ou competência através do uso de tecnologias móveis, em qualquer lugar e momento. A presente investigação, de natureza exploratória, pretendeu estudar a receptividade e predisposição dos estudantes e docentes do ensino superior para com a utilização do mobile learning, uma vez que o ensino superior parece ser o ambiente ideal para a realização deste estudo. Por um lado, devido à democratização dos dispositivos móveis, por outro, porque o Instituto Politécnico do Porto pretende vir a implementar um projeto de mobile learning, enquadrado no e- IPP. Deste modo, para a concretização desta investigação, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica exaustiva que serviu de base de sustentação para todo o trabalho, complementada com um questionário, de forma a dar resposta às questões de investigação. Depois de recolhidos todos os resultados obtidos através do questionário, procedeu-se à análise e discussão mesmos, bem como às respectivas conclusões.

The role of lifelong learning (LLL) in the creation of a european knowledge- based society

This chapter appears in Encyclopaedia of Human Resources Information Systems: Challenges in e-HRM edited by Torres-Coronas, T. and Arias-Oliva, M. Copyright 2009, IGI Global, www.igi-global.com. Posted by permission of the publisher. URL:http://www.igi-pub.com/reference/details.asp?id=7737

A inclusão de alunos com NEE: um estudo quantitativo sobre recursos pessoais e institucionais e atitude de professores de educação física

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Dificuldades de Aprendizagem Específicas)

O papel dos fisioterapeutas na equipe multidisciplinar atuantes no complexo municipal André Vidal de Araújo em Manaus

Dissertação de mestrado em Educação Especial (área de especialização em Dificuldades de Aprendizagem Específicas)

La salut laboral dels docents estudi de les causes psicosocials del malestar docent

El treball de recerca que he realitzat porta per títol: "LA SALUT LABORAL DELS DOCENTS. ESTUDI DE LES CAUSES PSICOSOCIALS DEL MALESTAR DOCENT", perquè tenir una bona salut laboral i arribar cada dia a la feina amb il•lusió i optimisme són essencials per poder ser un bon professional en el camp de l’educació i saber transmetre als alumnes i als companys de treball: energia, vitalitat, entusiasme i ganes d’aprendre. La salut laboral és l’element clau de la satisfacció professional, de la qualitat de la feina educativa i de la consolidació dels centres com a veritables entorns d’aprenentatge. La qualitat personal dels docents i, per tant, la seva salut laboral, contribueixen a la qualitat educativa i a garantir uns veritables entorns inclusius d'aprenentatge. D'aquest treball inicial en sorgeix un segon volum que porta per títol: "CURS DE FORMACIÓ EN EDUCACIÓ EMOCIONAL PER A LA PREVENCIÓ DEL MALESTAR DOCENT", on es suggereix un currículum per treballar l'educació emocional dels docents i diverses activitats per fer un veritable creixement personal, que portin cap a la satisfacció professional dels docents.

Valors ètics per a l’excel·lència professional dels jutges

En aquest treball ens hem proposat els següents objectius: Explicitar els valors ètics que permeten l’excel·lència professional dels jutges; Conèixer l’estat de la qüestió, esbrinar la consciència que els futurs professionals tenen dels valors requerits per dur a terme una funció de qualitat i d’aquells que ja l’han exercit durant 8 anys; Proposar mesures organitzatives per promoure i dinamitzar l’excel·lència professional dels jutges. El treball consta de dues parts. En una primera expliquem què és ètica professional i explicitem aquells valors que necessàriament ha d’encarnar un jutge en el seu exercici professional perquè aquest sigui, més enllà de no negligent i acomplir la deontologia, una aposta per l’excel·lència. Al llarg d’aquesta part albirem polítiques organitzatives, recomanacions, suggeriments (codis ètics, comitè d’ètica professional, etc.) per dinamitzar, des de l’autoregulació, la vigència dels valors ètics de les professions jurídiques que afavoreixen l’excel·lència professional. En una segona part, es presenten les conclusions de l’estudi de camp a partir d’una enquesta sobre aquells valors realitzada, el 10 de febrer del 2004, als jutges que estan a l’Escola Judicial de Barcelona rebent la formació inicial. Amb aquesta segona part exposem el grau de consciència i compromís en la responsabilitat inherents a la professió de jutge.

Assessorar o dirigir. El paper de l'assessor col·laboratiu en una formació permanent centrada en el professorat i en el context

En el artículo se realiza un análisis del campo de la formación del profesorado y del modelo de formación permanente de los últimos tiempos, atendiendo los nuevos elementos que actuaron como fuerzas ocultas e impulsoras de un pensamiento formativo innovador. Se analizan también las condiciones para un cambio en la manera de ver la formación permanente del profesorado que, progresivamente, ha pasado de una visión de producto formativo que el profesorado debía asimilar acríticamente, a otra etapa con visiones diversificadas. A continuación, se profundiza la función asesora y los modelos que esta nueva concepción de la formación exigen. Se necesitan asesores, formadores que de manera colaborativa ayuden a reconstruir la práctica educativa.

Acreditació i formació del professorat novell universitari: pros i contres

Aquest article analitza la manera d'accedir a la funció docent universitària a partir de l'estudi dels requeriments de diferents agències de qualitat, i presenta els obstacles amb què s'enfronten els joves aspirants a docents universitaris, els avantatges del nou model i algunes reflexions inspirades en l'anàlisi i en l'experiència personal de dos professors universitaris.

Les normals: paradigma de l'educació femenina

El nombre reduït d'estudis sobre el naixement i el desenvolupament del magisteri femení, i l'anàlisi habitual que aborda l'educació de les dones des d'una perspectiva metodològica centrada en l'enfocament de l'educació deis homes com a model i referent, han configurat unes representacions carregades de connotacions negatives que afecten la interpretació de la historia de l'accés a la instrucció formal deis dos sexes. Malgrat que queda un llarg camí d'investigacions per recórrer, avui es poden qüestionar algunes d'aquestes generalitzacions i, sobretot, situar la historia de l'educació femenina allà on va estar, i no on ens hauria agradat que estigués.

Bernoulli correction to viscous losses: Radial flow between two parallel discs

For a massless fluid (density = 0), the steady flow along a duct is governed exclusively by viscous losses. In this paper, we show that the velocity profile obtained in this limit can be used to calculate the pressure drop up to the first order in density. This method has been applied to the particular case of a duct, defined by two plane-parallel discs. For this case, the first-order approximation results in a simple analytical solution which has been favorably checked against numerical simulations. Finally, an experiment has been carried out with water flowing between the discs. The experimental results show good agreement with the approximate solution

Parallella, dynamiska representationer i gymnasiefysiken : implementering av ett interaktivt datorverktyg i didaktiska situationer och uppfattning av effektivt lärande

The computer is a useful tool in the teaching of upper secondary school physics, and should not have a subordinate role in students' learning process. However, computers and computer-based tools are often not available when they could serve their purpose best in the ongoing teaching. Another problem is the fact that commercially available tools are not usable in the way the teacher wants. The aim of this thesis was to try out a novel teaching scenario in a complicated subject in physics, electrodynamics. The didactic engineering of the thesis consisted of developing a computer-based simulation and training material, implementing the tool in physics teaching and investigating its effectiveness in the learning process. The design-based research method, didactic engineering (Artigue, 1994), which is based on the theoryof didactical situations (Brousseau, 1997), was used as a frame of reference for the design of this type of teaching product. In designing the simulation tool a general spreadsheet program was used. The design was based on parallel, dynamic representations of the physics behind the function of an AC series circuit in both graphical and numerical form. The tool, which was furnished with possibilities to control the representations in an interactive way, was hypothesized to activate the students and promote the effectiveness of their learning. An effect variable was constructed in order to measure the students' and teachers' conceptions of learning effectiveness. The empirical study was twofold. Twelve physics students, who attended a course in electrodynamics in an upper secondary school, participated in a class experiment with the computer-based tool implemented in three modes of didactical situations: practice, concept introduction and assessment. The main goal of the didactical situations was to have students solve problems and study the function of AC series circuits, taking responsibility for theirown learning process. In the teacher study eighteen Swedish speaking physics teachers evaluated the didactic potential of the computer-based tool and the accompanying paper-based material without using them in their physics teaching. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using questionnaires, observations and interviews. The result of the studies showed that both the group of students and the teachers had generally positive conceptions of learning effectiveness. The students' conceptions were more positive in the practice situation than in the concept introduction situation, a setting that was more explorative. However, it turned out that the students' conceptions were also positive in the more complex assessment situation. This had not been hypothesized. A deeper analysis of data from observations and interviews showed that one of the students in each pair was more active than the other, taking more initiative and more responsibilityfor the student-student and student-computer interaction. These active studentshad strong, positive conceptions of learning effectiveness in each of the threedidactical situations. The group of less active students had a weak but positive conception in the first iv two situations, but a negative conception in the assessment situation, thus corroborating the hypothesis ad hoc. The teacher study revealed that computers were seldom used in physics teaching and that computer programs were in short supply. The use of a computer was considered time-consuming. As long as physics teaching with computer-based tools has to take place in special computer rooms, the use of such tools will remain limited. The affordance is enhanced when the physical dimensions as well as the performance of the computer are optimised. As a consequence, the computer then becomes a real learning tool for each pair of students, smoothly integrated into the ongoing teaching in the same space where teaching normally takes place. With more interactive support from the teacher, the computer-based parallel, dynamic representations will be efficient in promoting the learning process of the students with focus on qualitative reasoning - an often neglected part of the learning process of the students in upper secondary school physics.

Course/instructor evaluation : perspectives of part-time graduate students

This study explored 6 part-time graduate students' perspectives on course/instructor evaluation. The purpose was to explore whether a link exists between the evaluation for course and instructors as contained in the Faculty of Education courselinstructor evaluation form and the needs of part-time students enrolled in that program. The literature review provided contextual information concerning the 3 main subject areas based upon which the research questions were designed: learner needs in the context of part-time graduate students, courselinstructor eval~ation, and the potential lack of congruency between the 2. Using a semistructured interview process, participants identified criteria important or relevant to the evaluation process and incongruent with the course/instructor evaluation form. A qualitative research methodology using a grounded theory approach contributed to the theory on the nature of course evaluation instruments in a graduate program and addressed the notion of where power was situated within the evaluation process. Findings suggested that the concepts of relevance and the instructor's role that participants identified as important in their graduate learning experience were congruent with what they considered important components of the course/instructor evaluation form. Participants noted a lack of congruency between their expectations of a quality graduate learning experience and the format, content, intent, and timing of the evaluation process. The study confirmed that students did want a voice in the evaluation of their learning experience at both the course and program levels.