Projecto de sensibilização e educação ambiental na área da prevenção da produção dos resíduos urbanos : proposta de integração da temática nos currícula do ensino básico de Cabo Verde

O presente trabalho de projecto tem como principal objectivo a concepção de um projecto de sensibilização e educação ambiental na área da prevenção da produção dos resíduos urbanos com enfoque na apresentação de uma proposta metodológica de integração desta temática nos Currícula do Ensino Básico de Cabo Verde. Do estudo desenvolvido resultou, além da concepção do projecto, a elaboração de um guia, bem como um caderno de actividades, instrumentos a serem utilizados pela comunidade educativa e mais directamente pelos professores do Ensino Básico (EB) de Cabo Verde visando o reforço de conhecimentos na área de estudo identificada e o desenvolvimento de competências juntos dos referidos professores, para a planificação de actividades de prevenção da produção dos resíduos urbanos. O trabalho realizado compreendeu visitas a várias fontes de informação consideradas pertinentes assim como a aplicação e validação de algumas actividades numa população-teste com utilização da técnica de observação participante. Deste modo, o estudo contou com a colaboração da comunidade educativa da Cidade da Praia nomeadamente professores do EB, Equipa pedagógica e Promotores do novo Currículo do EB. O estudo permitiu dar um contributo na perspectiva da definição da metodologia do trabalho do projecto e instrumento de avaliação, visando uma reflexão sobre o trabalho desenvolvido e sua consequente correcção/melhoria de futuras acções. Apresentamos ainda uma proposta de instrumentos de acompanhamento e avaliação do projecto cuja aplicação se propõe no decorrer da implementação do mesmo. A sua utilização permitirá à comunidade escolar melhorar as suas práticas e facilitará o envolvimento da comunidade educativa tendo em vista a sustentabilidade ambiental.

Projecto de sensibilização e educação ambiental na área da prevenção da produção dos resíduos urbanos : proposta de integração da temática nos currícula do ensino básico de Cabo Verde

This research project has as main objective the design of a project to raise awareness and environmental education in the area of prevention of the urban waste production by focusing on the presentation of a methodological proposal to incorporate this theme in the Course Curriculum of the Basic Education in Cape Verde. The study aimed beyond the project design, the preparation of a guide and a set of activities, instruments to be used by the educational community and more directly by the teachers of the Basic Education (EB) of Cape Verde for knowledge construction in study area and promove the development of skills of those teachers in terms of planning activities for waste prevention. The realized work included visits to various sources of information considered relevant, the application and validation of some activities in the population testing process using the technique of participant observation. This research involved the collaboration of the educational community of Praia namely the BE teachers, Pedagogical team teaching and Promoters of the new BE Curriculum. The study made a contribution in the view of the definition of the methodology of the work project and the assessment tool in order to reflect on the work process and its subsequent correction / improvement of future operations. We also present a proposal of monitoring and evaluation instrument of the project which will be applied during the implementation phase. Its use will enable the school community to improve their practices and will facilitate the involvement of the educational community taking into consideration an environmental sustainability

Active teaching-learning methodologies: medical students' views of problem-based learning

The prevailing undergraduate medical training process still favors disconnection and professional distancing from social needs. The Brazilian Ministries of Education and Health, through the National Curriculum Guidelines, the Incentives Program for Changes in the Medical Curriculum (PROMED), and the National Program for Reorientation of Professional Training in Health (PRO-SAÚDE), promoted the stimulus for an effective connection between medical institutions and the Unified National Health System (SUS). In accordance to the new paradigm for medical training, the Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO) established a teaching plan in 2005 using active methodologies, specifically problem-based learning (PBL). Research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with third-year undergraduate students at the UNIFESO Medical School. The results were categorized as proposed by Bardin's thematic analysis, with the purpose of verifying the students' impressions of the new curriculum. Active methodologies proved to be well-accepted by students, who defined them as exciting and inclusive of theory and practice in medical education.

Scientific creativity and diversity of physical work environment: framework development

The aim of this research was to develop a framework to analyze how physical environment influences scientific creativity. Due to the relative novelty of this topic, there is still a gap in the unified method to study connection between physical environment and creativity. Therefore, in order to study this issue deeply, the qualitative method was used (interviews and qualitative questionnaire). Scientists (PhD students and senior researchers) of Graduate School of Management were interviewed to build the model and one expert interview was conducted to assess its validity. The model highlights several dimensions via which physical environment can influence scientific creativity: Comfort, Instruments and Diversity. Comfort and Instruments are considered to be related mostly to productivity, an initial requirement for creativity, while Diversity is the factor responsible for supporting all the stages of scientific creative process. Thus, creative physical environment is not one place by its nature, but an aggregative phenomenon. Due to two levels of analysis, the model is named the two-level model of creative physical environment.

Ohjelmoinnin opetus peruskoulussa: toiminnallisuutta ja graafista ohjelmointikieltä hyödyntävien opetusmenetelmien vertailu

Ohjelmoinnin opettaminen yleissivistävänä oppiaineena on viime aikoina herättänyt kiinnostusta Suomessa ja muualla maailmassa. Esimerkiksi Suomen opetushallituksen määrittämien, vuonna 2016 käyttöön otettavien peruskoulun opintosuunnitelman perusteiden mukaan, ohjelmointitaitoja aletaan opettaa suomalaisissa peruskouluissa ensimmäiseltä luokalta alkaen. Ohjelmointia ei olla lisäämässä omaksi oppiaineekseen, vaan sen opetuksen on tarkoitus tapahtua muiden oppiaineiden, kuten matematiikan yhteydessä. Tämä tutkimus käsittelee yleissivistävää ohjelmoinnin opetusta yleisesti, käy läpi yleisimpiä haasteita ohjelmoinnin oppimisessa ja tarkastelee erilaisten opetusmenetelmien soveltuvuutta erityisesti nuorten oppilaiden opettamiseen. Tutkimusta varten toteutettiin verkkoympäristössä toimiva, noin 9–12-vuotiaille oppilaille suunnattu graafista ohjelmointikieltä ja visuaalisuutta tehokkaasti hyödyntävä oppimissovellus. Oppimissovelluksen avulla toteutettiin alakoulun neljänsien luokkien kanssa vertailututkimus, jossa graafisella ohjelmointikielellä tapahtuvan opetuksen toimivuutta vertailtiin toiseen opetusmenetelmään, jossa oppilaat tutustuivat ohjelmoinnin perusteisiin toiminnallisten leikkien avulla. Vertailututkimuksessa kahden neljännen luokan oppilaat suorittivat samankaltaisia, ohjelmoinnin peruskäsitteisiin liittyviä ohjelmointitehtäviä molemmilla opetus-menetelmillä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää alakouluoppilaiden nykyistä ohjelmointiosaamista, sitä minkälaisen vastaanoton ohjelmoinnin opetus alakouluoppilailta saa, onko erilaisilla opetusmenetelmillä merkitystä opetuksen toteutuksen kannalta ja näkyykö eri opetusmenetelmillä opetettujen luokkien oppimistuloksissa eroja. Oppilaat suhtautuivat kumpaankin opetusmenetelmään myönteisesti, ja osoittivat kiinnostusta ohjelmoinnin opiskeluun. Sisällöllisesti oppitunneille oli varattu turhan paljon materiaalia, mutta esimerkiksi yhden keskeisimmän aiheen, eli toiston käsitteen oppimisessa aktiivisilla leikeillä harjoitellut luokka osoitti huomattavasti graafisella ohjelmointikielellä harjoitellutta luokkaa parempaa osaamista oppitunnin jälkeen. Ohjelmakoodin peräkkäisyyteen liittyvä osaaminen oli neljäsluokkalaisilla hyvin hallussa jo ennen ohjelmointiharjoituksia. Aiheeseen liittyvän taustatutkimuksen ja luokkien opettajien haastatteluiden perusteella havaittiin koulujen valmiuksien opetussuunnitelmauudistuksen mukaiseen ohjelmoinnin opettamiseen olevan vielä heikolla tasolla.

What nourishes the spirit of adolescents in the classroom? : a qualitative study into the gateways of adolescents' souls /

This thesis investigated the question, "What nourishes the adolescent spirit in the classroom?" Action research was conducted by the teacher of 16 grade 8 participants. By undergoing Kessler's (2000) "Passages Program," the students participated in 6 sessions which exposed them to a holistic intrapersonal curriculum. Student journal responses were documented after each session. The action researcher also kept journal reflections after each session. Upon completion of the 6 sessions, a postinterview was conducted which posed the research question. The research found that the adolescent spirit gets nourished through encouragement by the teacher, peers, and parents. This increases their competency, which increases their confidence, and ultimately their self-esteem goes up, which affects their selfconcept. In addition, the role of the teacher permeates every aspect of what nourishes the adolescent spirit in the classroom. In addition to the encouragement of the student, how a teacher teaches plays a vital role. A holistic approach to teaching provided the best atmosphere for the adolescent. It promoted creativity and choice, which stimulated the spirit of the adolescent. By working from a holistic philosophy, the teacher/action researcher created an environment conducive to teaching the whole person, which ultimately nourished the participants' spirit. The research highlighted that in order for this type of environment to exist the teacher needs to make a conscious and deliberate effort to look within and develop their inner self before they can begin to promote this type of classroom for the adolescents they teach. When teachers and students develop an inner life together, they can begin to work in harmony to achieve an atmosphere where the teaching and learning environment becomes one seamless transaction. Only then can one's whole potential be realized.

The essence of a tacit intersection : a heuristic inquiry into nature-based leisure and personal transformation

There are a considerable number of programs and agencies that count on the existence of a unique relationship between nature and human development. In addition, there are significant bodies of literature dedicated to understanding developmentally focused nature-based experiences. This research project was designed to flirther the understanding of this phenomenon. Consequently, the purpose of this research endeavour was to discover the essence ofthe intersection ofpersonal transformation and nature-based leisure, culminating in a rich and detailed account of this otherwise tacit phenomenon. As such, this research built on the assumption of this beneficial intersection of nature and personal transformation and contributes to the understanding ofhow this context is supporting or generating of selfactualization and positive development. Heuristic methods were employed because heuristics is concerned with the quality and essence of an experience, not causal relationships (Moustakas, 1990). Heuristic inquiry begins with the primary researcher and her personal experience and knowledge of the phenomenon. This study also involved four other coresearchers who had also experienced this phenomenon intensely. Co-researchers were found through purposeful and snowball sampling. Rich narrative descriptions of their experiences were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and artifact elicitation was employed as a means to get at co-researchers' tacit knowledge. Each coresearcher was interviewed twice (the first interview focused on personal transformation, the second on nature) for approximately four and a half hours in total. Transcripts were read repeatedly to discern patterns that emerged from the study of the narratives and were coded accordingly. Individual narratives were consolidated to create a composite narrative of the experience. Finally, a creative synthesis was developed to represent the essence of this tacit experience. In conclusion the essence of the intersection of nature-based leisure and personal transformation was found to lie in the convergence of the lived experience of authenticity. The physical environment of nature was perceived and experienced to be a space and context of authenticity, leisure experiences were experienced as an engagement of authenticity, and individuals themselves encountered a true or authentic self that emanated from within. The implications of these findings are many, offering suggestions, considerations and implications from reconsidered approaches to environmental education to support for selfdirected human development.

A classroom-based investigation of reciprocal teaching at the grade seven level

This study assessed the effectiveness of a reciprocal teaching program as a method of teaching reading comprehension, using narrative text material in a t.ypical grade seven classroom. In order to determine the effectiveness of the reciprocal teaching program, this method was compared to two other reading instruction approaches that, unlike rcciprocal teaching, did not include social interaction components. Two intact grade scven classes, and a grade seven teacher, participated in this study. Students were appropriately assigned to three treatment groups by reading achievement level as determined from a norm-referenced test. Training proceeded for a five week intervention period during regularly scheduled English periods. Throughout the program curriculum-based tests were administered. These tests were designed to assess comprehension in two distinct ways; namely, character analysis components as they relate to narrative text, and strategy use components as they contribute to student understanding of narrative and expository text. Pre, post, and maintenance tests were administered to measure overall training effects. Moreover, during intervention, training probes were administered in the last period of each week to evaluate treatment group performance. AU curriculum-based tests were coded and comparisons of pre, post, maintenance tests and training probes were presented in graph form. Results showed that the reciprocal group achieved some improvement in reading comprehension scores in the strategy use component of the tests. No improvements were observed for the character analysis components of the curriculum-based tests and the norm-referenced tests. At pre and post intervention, interviews requiring students to respond to questions that addressed metacomprehension awareness of study strategies were administered. The intelviews were coded and comparisons were made between the two intelVicws. No significant improvements were observed regarding student awareness of ten identified study strategies . This study indicated that reciprocal teaching is a viable approach that can be utilized to help students acquire more effective comprehension strategies. However, the maximum utility of the technique when administered to a population of grade seven students performing at average to above average levels of reading achievement has yet to be determined. In order to explore this issue, the refinement of training materials and curriculum-based measurements need to be explored. As well, this study revealed that reciprocal teaching placed heavier demands on the classroom teacher when compared to other reading instruction methods. This may suggest that innovative and intensive teacher training techniques are required before it is feasible to use this method in the classroom.

An examination of learning resulting from a transition from a directed to a self-directed work environment

~ This study focuses on the process of self-directed learning that individuals go through as they adapt to new work situations. This is a study of how one critical incident, specifically the transition from a traditional office structure to a home office structure, affected employees and what their learning process was as they adapted to the new environment. This study has 3 educational foundations: adult learning, self-directed learning, and the social context from which the learning will occur. Six women and 2 men were interviewed approximately 1 year following the transition. Analysis of the data revealed 5 themes of: impacts of the self-directed environment on participants' personal lives, their roles, skill set, productivity, and the physical environment; support offered by the organization, family, and office administration; personal development, specific learning needs, and personal skills; boundaries as they relate to family and work; and skill set and orientation requirements of new home office employees. The findings revealed the learning processes of the 8 participants. The learning processes of these participants were discussed within a theoretical framework of the learners, their immediate surroundings, and the larger social environment. The results indicated that the transition from a directed work environment to a self directed work environment is a complex, interrelated process. An element found throughout the theoretical framework is that of control. A second critical element is the need for participants to have a clearly defined work role and an opportunity to engage in discussion with peers and the community. Further findings reinforced the importance of climate and found that the physical environment is a key factor in a successful selfdirected work environment. The findings of this study revealed that no one factor makes an individual function successfully in a self-directed work environment, but that it is a complex interplay among the leamer, their immediate surroundings, and the social environment that will have the greatest impact on success. Recommendations are made which can be used to guide organizational leaders in facilitating employees' transition from a directed to a self-directed work environment. Additionally, recommendations are made for further research in the area of self-directed work environments.

Resilience in environmental educators

Contemporary environmental issues (such as global warming) can present psychological stress, the effects of which are under-examined. The ability to "bounce back" from stress associated with increasing environmental adversity can be understood as resilience, and can be found in some environmental educators. The following paper examines how veteran environmental educators respond to psychological stress to increasing environmental adversity and describes the experience of resilience. Through in-depth interviews, this hermeneutical study sheds light on the environmental factors and internal competencies that contribute to resilience in seven environmental educators. Additionally, the interaction (known as the person/environment transactional process) between these factors and competencies is explored, providing insight into how the participants construct resilience. Kumpfer's (1999) Resilience Framework provided the organizational framework for the results of this study. Findings suggest ways in which resilience in environmental educators can be supported and offers directions for future research.

Utilisation et valeur de la représentation devant public en danse au troisième cycle du primaire

En 2001, dans la foulée de la réforme scolaire, une deuxième génération de programmes d’études en danse a été implantée (Gouvernement du Québec, 2001, 2003, 2007). Alors que la représentation devant public est prescrite dans les programmes d’études pour le secondaire (Gouvernement du Québec, 2003, 2007), elle est quasi-absente du programme d’études pour le primaire (Gouvernement du Québec, 2001). De plus, il y a peu de recherches empiriques sur l’enseignement de la danse à l’école québécoise et aucune sur l’utilisation de la représentation devant public dans ce contexte. Or, les enseignants sont nombreux à y avoir recours de façon intuitive pour favoriser les apprentissages chez les élèves. C’est pourquoi, à la lumière de repères théoriques issus de modèles de la transposition didactique, du processus de création, des systèmes de pertinence et de la construction identitaire des enseignants de la danse en milieu scolaire, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment la représentation devant public est utilisée, en danse, au troisième cycle du primaire, à l’école québécoise. Pour ce faire, nous avons eu recours à l’observation, à la captation audio et aux entretiens pour collecter des données auprès de deux enseignantes en danse et de cinquante-quatre élèves du troisième cycle du primaire, pendant le processus de création de danses menant à la présentation devant un public. Nous avons ainsi pu dégager treize thèmes représentatifs de l’expérience vécue par ces enseignantes et ces élèves, ainsi qu’une ébauche de modèle du processus de préparation d’une représentation devant public en milieu scolaire.

Changing Role of Academic Libraries in the E-learning Environment: Issues and Challenges

The development of computer and network technology is changing the education scenario and transforming the teaching and learning process from the traditional physical environment to the digital environment. It is now possible to access vast amount of information online and enable one to one communication without the confines of place or time. While E-learning and teaching is unlikely to replace face-to-face training and education it is becoming an additional delivery method, providing new learning opportunities to many users. It is also causing an impact on library services as the increased use of ICT and web based learning technologies have paved the way for providing new ICT based services and resources to the users. Online learning has a crucial role in user education, information literacy programmes and in training the library professionals. It can help students become active learners, and libraries will have to play a greater role in this process of transformation. The significance of libraries within an institution has improved due to the fact that academic libraries and information services are now responsible for e-learning within their organization.

Didactics–promoting collaborative work and personal learning environment. Critical, creative and autonomous roles in a competitive society

School has evolved from a place where knowledge is provided to a place where learners are helped to develop their professional and social skills. Consequently, education must evolve through big challenges in order to face the changes of society in the XXIst century

A transversalidade do tema meio ambiente na prática pedagógica

A educação é notadamente uma das ações mais importantes de mobilização socioambiental e cada vez mais se reconhece o papel transformador da escola frente às problemáticas ambientais. No ano de 1997 o Brasil publicou os PCNs (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) que traziam os Temas Transversais, dentre eles o Meio Ambiente, para serem inseridos no cotidiano escolar. Esse contexto serviu de base para nossa investigação que teve por objetivo verificar como se dá a abordagem do tema Meio Ambiente, no que se refere à sua transversalidade, na prática pedagógica entre professores e alunos do ensino fundamental. Para tanto foi utilizada uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando-se de técnicas como questionário e entrevistas, envolvendo 12 professores e 357 alunos de escolas públicas estaduais e municipais de dois municípios vizinhos, localizados no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A investigação esteve apoiada no pensamento de diversos autores, dentre os quais destacamos Carvalho, I. (2004, 2006, 2007); Gadotti, M. (2005, 2008, 2010); Gavidia, V. (2002); Guimarães, M. (2003, 2004, 2009); Leff, E. (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010); Loureiro, C. (2004, 2005, 2006); Reigotta, M. (2007, 2008, 2009) e Yus, R. (1998, 2002). Com a análise dos dados obtidos concluímos que o trabalho docente envolvendo o tema Meio Ambiente ainda não atingiu o patamar transversal, embora utilizando abordagens significativas, como projetos pedagógicos, a prática interdisciplinar que a transversalidade requer ainda não foi consolidada, indicando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento profissional - teórico e prático - sobre a aplicabilidade do tema.

Teaching speech to hearing-impaired children using the Speech Skills Worksheet: Phonemes

This paper addresses teaching speech skills (accurate production of phonemes and use of phonemes in isolation, syllables, words, phrases and sentences) to hearing impaired students through the use of the Speech Skills Worksheet and an accompanying Teaching Guide.